40d:Cross-training

Cross-training (starting a reserves program)

Cross-training your military dwarf candidates in civilian disciplines has multiple benefits. First, and most importantly, it gives you several extra stat increases. Toughness, especially, is extremely important for military dwarves; it allows them to take more wounds before passing out from pain, and to recover from wounds faster. Second, it provides a ready pool of recruits in case your military takes a beating at one point or another. Third, it ensures that your dwarves have some domestic skills so they will not receive unhappy thoughts from being dismissed from the military in the event you need to downsize. Finally, most reserves programs provide chronic idlers with some work to do, which can be essential for unskilled workers like peasants to break out of their poverty (and therefore, unhappiness) cycle once the dwarven economy kicks in. There is nothing saying you have to use only one of these ideas; they are all various approaches to solving this problem.

The biggest thing to remember with a reserves program is that if you're going to go, you go all the way. Don't institute something 'just for a little while' and come up with a handful of novice reservists; they will not get significant stat increases and you'll only waste time. Time is not something you have a heck of a lot of in a reserves program, typically. Remember that after you draft them, most dwarves are going to need about a year of sparring or training before they're ready for heavy combat. You might not have that much time if you are getting sieges regularly.

Gym (pump operator)

No pain, no gain.

The Gym is the most basic sort of reserves program; it merely consists of building a bunch of screw pumps connected to nothing in a room that's close to food, beds, and drink. After the pumps are built, order them to be pumped manually, then turn on pump operating for your reservists.

Toughness influences how tired your dwarves get. Tougher dwarves can operate a pump longer before getting tired, meaning they will gain skill more quickly than non-tough dwarves. Once dwarves hit Unbelievably Tough, they can operate pumps non-stop.
Pros:

• Easy to set up; 4 pumps in the gym will keep at least 8-10 reservists busy around the clock.
• Extra pumps can be added to expand operations very easily.
• Requires no continuous oversight on your part.
• Somewhat fast training; legendary in under a year (if other responsibilities like hauling are minimized).
• Very safe; gyms can be placed anywhere in the comfort of your fortress with no issues.
  
• If you're really clever, you might be able to arrange your pumps so they power one or more indoor waterfalls. To get the full benefit of this approach, you would probably have to design your fortress around the waterfalls. Remember not to dig under their feeding tubes!

Cons:

• Tons of cancel job spam. Every time a reservist exhausts himself and goes to satisfy his basic needs, you'll see "<dwarf> cancels Operate Pump: Exhausted." While it is possible to disable cancel job messages, this can hide important information, such as being out of charcoal or having left your dwarves on "stay inside" orders.
• If you have any pumps around that actually DO need to be operated every so often (refilling your well, for example), it could be a serious pain to juggle the useless gym pumps and the ones that are actually useful.

Artillery proving ground (siege operator)

Mass-produce some catapults, line them up near a quarry, and fire away. Works well to dispose of stone from a gulag (see below).
Pros:

• Trains a skill that's reasonably useful, and provides a place to put all the sub-par siege engine components your siege engineer will doubtlessly create if you're going for superior-quality engines.
• Harasses the wildlife, which is always fun.
  

Cons:

• Very slow to train (2+ years for legendary).
• Fairly space-consuming to set up a well-designed and usable proving ground.
• Can be dangerous depending on the biome (especially when elephants are present. If they get winged by a stray boulder, you can bet they're going to be coming straight at you).
• Siege operators are civilians, and will run in fear when an enemy approaches them.

Internship (bookkeeper)

Turn on highest precision bookkeeping and rotate the appointed noble in and out the second he becomes a legendary bookkeeper.
Pros:

• Requires no extra infrastructure at all.
• You need a bookkeeper anyway!
• Totally safe; a bookkeeper spends basically all his discretionary time snug in his office.
• Trains outrageously fast; if the office is very close to food, beds, and drink, a bookkeeper can be legendary or close to it in a mere season.
  

Cons:

• Only employs one dwarf at a time; not useful when you have 15-25 candidates for the reserves.
• No announcement when the current intern reaches Legendary status means you can lose time on rotation easily.

Gulag (miner)

The gulag is basically a strip mine that is located far away from your main fortress (so you don't have to worry about accidentally screwing up your own building plans; if you are careful in planning, it may be placed closer to your fortress). Take a big square and start leveling it; it's really no more complicated than that. Since picks can actually be used as weapons, it's worthwhile to give the reservists who will be working in the gulag picks made out of iron, or, if you are really living large, steel. Note that you will have to turn your usual mining corps (the civilian miners who are already experienced with mining) off for this setup to work properly.
Pros:

• Soldiers enter the military with an emergency weapon in their hand already; this can be critical in the case of speardwarves, who have a habit of losing their weapons in an enemy, or marksdwarves, who are forced to use the hammerdwarf skill in melee, which they may not even have.
• Toting a pick for close-quarters support might make a legendary bowyer more useful, since the pathetic bludgeon damage of his wood and bone crossbows are less important.
• Can be quite useful for producing stones you might not have access to normally, or uncovering veins of precious metals.
• Levels quite fast in sand.
• Relatively little oversight from you.
• An overland hike to the gulag will fight cave adaptation in your military candidates.
  

Cons:

• Juggling your real miners and your reservists when there's real work to be done on the fort can be a chore.
• Hard to keep dwarves in the gulag for too long; they'll inevitably get hungry, thirsty, and tired and start hiking back to the fortress proper.
• Can be dangerous, depending on the biome.
• Does require some amount of oversight from you, especially when your reservists start getting better at mining and run out of work more quickly.

Renovation (stone detailing)

Another convenient way to buff up your dwarves, assigning your reservists to mass stone detailing duty increases your fortress' architectural wealth and makes the place look nicer. While they may clutter the halls somewhat, it doesn't require any special allocation of food, beds or drink. Just turn on stone detailing for your reservists and mark up as much of the fortress as you like for renovation.
Pros:

• Even easier to set up; just assign your dwarves and an area and you're good to go.
• Increases your fortress' value and general happiness.
• Requires no continuous oversight on your part.
• Very safe, if you only assign areas inside the fortress.
  

Cons:

• Wealth overflow may bring too many immigrants.
• Serious conflict with engraving assignments; trying to engrave with poorly trained engravers wastes a lot of wealth that essentially comes from nothing. To avoid this, have periods when you only designate stone smoothing, followed by periods where you only designate engraving.
• Careless designation of smoothing areas may have your dwarves trying to smooth walls too close to magma or a river.

Sweatshop (mason)

Make one or more mason's workshops in an area with a bunch of junk stone you don't care about, or that you're actively looking to clear. Change the workshop settings to allow only your reservists to use it, then tell the workshop to churn out crafts, junk furniture, stone blocks, and trade goods that you can trade en-masse. Alternatively, forbid your reservists from working in your real mason's workshops, order lots of stone constructions built, and pray that your real masons stay too occupied with the workshops to intrude. Works well in conjunction with a gulag. Alternate ideas for sweatshops include a mechanic's workshop or a magma glass furnace to train mechanic and glassmaker respectively. Note: Do NOT try this with the carpenter skill, or any other resource you don't have in near-limitless abundance. Sweatshops will consume huge amounts of their associated resources, and if you run out mid-way you have probably wasted your time. This includes coke or charcoal used in the normal (non-magma) glass furnace.
Pros:

• Quantitatively turns a profit. The inferior trade goods can be dumped on the next caravan for more useful commodities like bags, seeds, and logs. Logs are especially useful, since you'll inevitably stamp out lots of bins to support the trade good output.
• Mass-producing blocks makes your constructions higher value.
• Unlike many other training programs, Sweatshops train a skill that is very useful.
  

Cons:

• Slow to level.
• Hard to keep the reservists on task, since they'll need to do plenty of hauling to keep their workshop from becoming chokingly cluttered.
• Can be a logistical nightmare; making bins and organizing hauling for the finished goods can be insane if you're working from a gulag.
• Can be dangerous depending on the biome and location of your sweatshops.
• Note also that stone blocks cannot be made into furniture or stone crafts. This may or may not be an issue depending on where you're putting your gulag.

Dwarf Powered Mill (grower,cook,miller)

Start off by creating a surplus of longland grass, cave wheat, and/or whip vine and some bags. Create multiple quern all close to the food stockpile which contains the millable plants. Next to this area make a kitchen assigned to an experienced cook. Enable milling for the dwarves you wish to cross-train and order the cook to make lavish meals. As long as your growers provide a steady supply of millable plants and your cook can empty out bags quick enough, the milling jobs will continue. It should be noted that when the seed count for the millable plant gets sufficiently large (500 or so), you can enable cooking for the seeds without worrying about running out.
Pros:

• Produces a lot of wealth as flour is a high value ingredient
• Produces high amounts of food
• Sustains the training of non cross-training dwarves such as the cook and growers
  

Cons:

• Requires a surplus of millable plants to ensure continuous milling, thus you may need to increase the number of plots/growers
• If you don't have enough bags and your cook decides to go on break you may end up having job cancellations for the millers
• Dedicated haulers will be required to keep all workshops clutter free

Overview

• The gym is the best way to train large amounts of dwarves, though it is relatively slow compared to other methods.
• Artillery training can give you some siege operators, which will be useful if you have ballistae.
• The internship is very fast, but only trains up one dwarf at a time. Your stocks could also lag behind if you are unlucky.
• The gulag requires planning, and your dwarves in the fortress proper may run all the way to the gulag to grab a stone for some crafts, a chair, etc. It does, however, train your dwarves in mining quickly, which is always a useful skill.
• Renovation is hands-free, but may bloat your fortress wealth too quickly.
• The sweatshop creates a large amount of goods, which can be traded away to keep traders happy. It also increases your wealth by quite a lot, which can be good or bad depending upon your situation. The goods are also difficult to manage.

Note that the gym, artillery training, and internship don't take away strange mood potential (you can give those dwarves dabbling in anything you want and that's how they'll get theirs), while the gulag, renovation, and sweatshop do.

Army corps of engineers

Your actual soldiers are obviously only one facet to your military preparation. defensive structures like fortifications, moats, and above-ground bunkers need civilian support. Further, siege engines can only be crewed by civilians, which complicates things somewhat.

The incredible amount of effort required to complete full defensive preparations on many maps (even building a single-floor above ground bunker can take multiple seasons of full-time effort) means that the military can benefit greatly from having a corps of dwarves to support the development full time.

Organizing a corps of engineers requires extra effort and planning on your part, but pays off big later on. Corps engineers become incredibly useful and will produce superior, happiness-inducing structures and items even after their chief issues are done. Also, since their highest strange mood eligible skill tends to be masonry, it improves your chances of getting a legendary mason, which is always a treat.

Organizing

The bread and butter skills of the engineer corps are mechanics, masonry, architecture, and, optionally, siege operating. Candidates really don't need any prior skills, but if you can throw some immigrants that come with one of these skills already, awesome. Note, however, that in its infancy, the engineer corps is going to be producing fairly little, so you should not use any dwarves who are fairly important. Assign potash makers, soapers, and the like instead. Miners that have run out of digging work and are suddenly idle are also good candidates. You may wish to swap masonry with carpentry if you are doing a challenge where your structures are chiefly made out of wood, but the gist of it is the same.

A suitable number of engineer corps members is 5 to 6 for most fortresses. As a rule of thumb, it's most productive to keep the Engineer Corps at about 7-10% of your population, rounded down. This might seem like a lot when you have the fortress guard demanding 10%, the royal guard demanding another 5%, plus what dwarves you have committed to reserves programs or in the regular army. Remember, though, that engineer corps members are civilians and can be pulled away from their normal work for large hauling tasks when the need arises; you will not feel many downsides to occupying them.

After you've decided who you want in the engineer corps, it's suggested that you give them a custom rank. They behave so much like normal civilians that it's hard to keep track of them if you don't. Don't use "Engineer", because that can be a dwarf's auto-rank. Some suggestions for custom ranks are "ROTC," "Reserves," and "Multiple."

After your main fortress is mined out and things are relatively settled, build some mason's workshops for the corps to work out of. Build as many as you have corps engineer members, to make sure that everyone is guaranteed to have work, and do it in areas that are suffused with stone, preferably in low-traffic areas, but be careful about noise. Corps workshops are extremely noisy, so don't build them too close to bedrooms. A good place to start is near your stockpiles, because stone in your stockpiles interferes with the items you can put there.

Training

After the corps' workshops are set up, we'll need to change the workshop profiles to make sure the regular masons don't use them. You can do this one of two ways:

• Go down the Allowed Users list and enable each of the engineer corps' members individually. Tedious, but very effective. Also allows you to stick with the same engineer corps for a long time.
  
• Lower the max skill threshhold to "Proficient". Useful if you're more interested in training masons than keeping a static engineer corps.
  

Then, set the corps' workshops to produce stone blocks. Put it on repeat. Keep it there. This is going to be the corps' only job for it's few seasons, to train up masonry.

Why are we building blocks?: A couple of reasons.

• 1) Blocks have no quality modifier. That means that your dabbling mason engineer corps members are producing blocks every bit as good as your legendary masons.
  
• 2) Blocks can be used in building constructions. What was the Corps' first job? Building, of course!
  
• 3) Blocks make higher-value constructions than normal stone. Constructions made out of stone will become "Rough (rock) (construction)", while block constructions will eliminate the rough modifier and contribute more to the fortress's wealth.
  
• 4) Blocks can be organized into bins or simply left in the workshop, reducing stone clutter. This is important for planning stockpiles.
  
• 5) Blocks make it easier to budget stone for constructions, so you can see if you're running low on material or using more than you expected.
  

All along the training process, you should, of course, be building constructions as needed. Greenhouse floors and basic walls are extremely important and should not be delayed. This just provides a nice blueprint to making an effective engineer corps.

After you're satisfied with where the masons are (no-tag is a good place to be), move on to training mechanics. Shut down the mason's workshops and build mechanic's workshops right next to them. Start churning out mechanisms. After you've got a decent handful, you may decide to build experience by building and deconstructing levers, or linking them all a door. Don't go too overboard with training mechanics. Again, no-tag is a good place to be. Mechanics are not used enough to warrant going all out.

After you're done with mechanics, switch to architecture. The easiest way to do this is to build a bunch of supports around the mason's workshops (16 total). Use the blocks you've been producing. After they're done, tear them down to reclaim the block, then put them back up again. This trains both architecture and masonry, giving you more net experience, but stagnating block production. Further, as long as architecture is not enabled on your regular masons, they will not interfere with the training. Architecture is useful, because dwarves trained in it will erect buildings faster, and seeing them will cause happy thoughts. Factor in how easy it is to train up and it's a no-brainer. Of course, feel free to stop this at any time to attend to more urgent matters.

After the architecture is at proficient or so, you can, at your discretion, enable the siege operating labor to train the engineer corps in the use of artillery. This is mainly to give them an actual military use, and since cross-training them like this reduces the military's overall impact on your society. If you've got enough dwarves to make a separate artillery corps, go right ahead.

The payoff

After the training starts taking hold, you will have a cadre of proficient building designers, proficient masons, skilled mechanics, and (optionally) proficient siege operators. This can happen in as little as 3 years of training. You can (and should!) continue to train them until they are legendary in all of these, but that is very long term. In the shorter, 3 year term, you have a rock-solid foundation to react to any construction demand with speed, efficiency, and awesome quality.

Military FAQ
How do I get my dwarves to fight?
Recruiting, equipping, and managing your military
How do I train my dwarves' martial skills?
How to train civilians into super-soldiers
How do I keep armor from slowing my soldiers down?
How do I train and deploy animals when needed?
Help! My civilians keep running into combat!
How do I remove weapons from caged prisoners?
Why can't I get my dwarves equipped?
How do I stop my marksdwarves from wrestling?
Why do my soldiers keep dropping their equipment?
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