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40d:Ice
Ice is water that has been frozen by cold temperatures, usually because of winter. Any water that is outside will freeze during winter, while it will stay the same if it is inside.
A tile of water will freeze into an ice wall, while creating an ice floor one Z-Axis above it. The ice wall will be the same no matter how deep the water is. The floor can be walked on freely, and there doesn't seem to be any kind of thin, breakable ice. The ice wall can be mined through, which leaves the above ice floor intact. Channeling the ice floor will destroy both the floor and the wall. The ice wall will melt into water of depth 7 [1] when warmer temperatures arrive. An ice floor will also melt, but not leave behind any water.
Ice can be mined through without causing a flood, making Winter an ideal time to get rid of any lakes that are in the way.
Ice as a Stone
Ice appears as a light blue stone which can be found by mining through an ice wall. Ice can be used to build constructions and workshops. Ice boulders and objects made of ice will melt when exposed to warmer temperatures (such as inside a fortress), giving it rather limited use. Nevertheless, workshops made of ice have a certain novelty to them, and it's even possible to make furnaces out of ice, as counter-intuitive as that sounds.
The games refers to Ice boulders as "water". It doesn't appear in any stockpile options or the manager, but it does appear under the "stones" section of the Stocks menu.
Out of Water
As ice takes the place of water, entire water supplies can be completely frozen on colder areas. This can depopulate an entire fortress in just the first winter if they're unprepared. The only way to counter this is to make a water pit inside beforehand, or brew enough alcohol.
Mining Hazard
Watch out when digging through ice into (subterranean) unfrozen water resorts. The space cleared by the miner will freeze solid again instantly, encasing the advancing miner into a wall of ice. This means not only the loss of a valuable dwarf, but also of his now inaccessible equipment.
Smoothing Ice
Smoothed ice walls are called straight ice wall, smoothed ice floors all called level ice floor, engraved ice floors are called sculpted ice floors and engraved Ice walls are called sculpted ice walls.
Melting Ice
It can be very important to be able to extract water from permanently-frozen ice (for instance on cold northern maps) in order to give water to the wounded. This can be done with magma. Dig out a tunnel one z-level below the ice sheet and fill it with magma. The ice on the above z-level will melt. You can see this happening here: http://mkv25.net/dfma/movie-153-meltingwateronglacier
If you would like to transport magma to heat a frozen brook or other such feature that is very far away from the magma pipe, try to use a magma duct that is nearly as wide as the area you intend to fill. Otherwise, magma will tend to evaporate as it disperses from a narrow duct to a wider area.