Dwarf Fortress Wiki - User contributions [en]

40d:Ramp

2009-12-21T03:49:21Z

Amalgam: I'm "being bold" and adding a tidbit about support that I've found to be true.

A '''ramp''' is a map feature that allows dwarves, wagons, and other creatures to move between levels. When viewed with {{k|k}} they are called '''slopes''', and they occur naturally on most maps acting as hillsides. Dwarves may make them by digging ({{k|d}} + {{k|r}}) or constructing ({{k|b}} + {{k|C}} + {{k|r}}).

Ramps are the only way that [[wagon]]s can move between levels in order to access a [[trade depot]]. Unless you build your depot above ground or set into a cliff, you will probably have to create ramps to allow access to it.

Ramps are shown with the ▲ symbol (pointing "up"). The space above a ramp is shown as a ▼ and called a "downward slope", but is not something that is dug out or constructed, and functions otherwise as open space -- the ▼ symbol is more of a display nicety than a type of terrain. When the rest of this article refers to ramps, the upward (▲) space is meant.

Note that ramps function similarly to floors in that units can walk on them without any problems, even if they are over open space. They will also support adjacent buildings.

== Collapse ==

Natural or carved ramps that are adjacent to walls will collapse (disappear) if those walls are mined out. This can strand dwarfs, so be careful when removing walls near those ramps.

In addition, trying to carve a ramp under something that cannot be dug out (such as a [[construction]], [[building]], or [[tree]]) will result in the space being merely mined, leaving the upper floor intact. This may create a [[cave in]] situation dangerous to your miners.

Constructed ramps will not collapse, and it is possible to create carved free-standing ramps as well, but the ramps will still not be usable without adjacent walls.

== Using Ramps ==

[[File:invalidramp.png|200px|thumb|right|'''Example A:''' An unusable ramp]]

Unlike stairs, ramps do not feed every lower and upper tile they are adjacent to, which can cause [[path]]ing problems if used incorrectly. A ramp only connects the ramp bottom to the tops of walls adjacent to the ramp.

For a creature to use a ramp, all of the following are necessary:

# The space directly above the ramp must be open.
# The ramp must have a wall next to it.
# The space above one of the adjacent walls must be open.

If these conditions are met, creatures will be able to move back and forth between the ramp space and the walkable space above the adjacent wall.

'''Example A''' shows a situation where a ramp might be created that is actually unusable. Dwarfs cannot ascend or descend (or cross) the ramp as shown because the walkable spaces above the ramp do not connect to the "top" of the ramp, the entrance/exit to the upper part. The ramp could be made usable by constructing walls underneath the floor spaces on either side of the ramp, which changes the direction that the ramp flows.

{{Template:-}}

== Creating Ramps ==

There are two ways for your dwarves to create ramps. The first is to carve a ramp into the earth itself (see [[digging]]). Dwarves can dig out ramps from adjacent spaces on the same z-level or the ones above; digging a ramp will also dig out the space above as if it were channeled.

Remember that the physical ramp is always "up", so to dig out a ramp which goes downward from a flat surface (for example, a ground level slope down into earth), you need to shift one level down and designate the ramp from that level. This is the opposite of channeling.

The second way to make a ramp is to [[construction|construct]] one out of building materials such as [[stone]] or [[wood]], or any [[block]]s or [[bar]]s.

Note that dwarves will happily dig out or construct ramps that are not immediately usable. Check the criteria above if dwarfs do not seem to be using the ramps they have made.

== Removing Ramps ==

Natural and carved ramps can be mined out via the designation menu using the Remove Up Stairs/Ramps selection ({{k|d}} -> {{k|z}}, using the ingame interface). Like the selection says, only upwards slopes (and carved stairs) can be removed in such a manner, and only from the same level as the (upward) ramp. Selecting a downwards ramp in such a manner has no effect, and removing the upward ramp will automatically remove the downward ramp designation from the level above, replacing it with "open space". Ramps at the edge of the map cannot be removed this way.

Constructed ramps can be removed like any other construction via the designation menu with the Remove Construction selection ({{k|d}} -> {{k|n}}, using the ingame interface). Constructed ramps will leave one stone of the sort the ramp was constructed from.

== Ramps Versus Stairways ==

As explained above, ramps have important limitations, but if constructed correctly they can allow slightly faster movement than stairways. For example, if a dwarf wants to go down and to the north using a stairway, it will have to take two steps: one step down a stairway and one step to the north. Going to the same place using a ramp only requires 1 step.

== Ramps Versus Channeling ==

Ramps are better suited to carving rooms spanning multiple z-levels than channels. They are safer, because your miners will not channel the stone from underneath each other and will not get stranded on a single rocky outcrop because they could not channel out the tile they're standing on.

For example, to build a dining room three z-levels high, create access to the middle floor (such as digging a single ramp up from the bottom floor, or mining out a square of the top floor). Designate the second floor as ramps to dig it and the top floor out entirely, then dig out the bottom level as ramps. Remove the ramps on the bottom floor, and voila, you have a large dining room your dwarves won't appreciate*.
:''(* Because room designations never span z-levels, and just cover the one level from the item that designates them.)''

Digging an execution pit is even simpler. Start carving ramps from the very top, and you'll need to remove them only on the bottommost floor.

It's also possible to use ramps to dig moats on the surface without sending your dwarves outside, by mining out a hallway around the outside of the moat's and using ramps. Invaders will not be able to path into your fortress, and dwarves will not be able to path beyond the moat, so the miners should be completely safe from ambushes (though not missile fire, of course). This is a useful method for building the base of a sniper tower far from the entrance to your fortress, for example.

[[File:SafeChannelWithRamps.png|Digging a moat safely from below.]]

== One-Way Ramps ==

It is possible to create ramps that allow travel up but not down; see [[one-way|One way ramps]].

{{Buildings}}
[[Category:Constructions]]
[[Category:Designations]]
[[Category:Map tiles]]

Fell mood

2009-12-21T03:05:00Z

Amalgam: Making a redirect to "fell mood"...

#REDIRECT:[[Strange_mood#Fell]]

40d:Thought

2009-11-15T08:15:57Z

Amalgam: /* Happy thoughts */ Fixed an incorrect statement, the leader/mayor is the one who uses the consoler and pacifier skills, according to the Mayor page.

Dwarf psychology is not all that complex - various events cause dwarves to gain 'thoughts'. Thoughts have a happiness/unhappiness value. The value of all the thoughts a particular dwarf has is simply summed to determine how happy or unhappy they are. If dwarves are particularly unhappy, they may throw [[tantrum]]s, and may enter fell or macabre [[strange mood]]s.

To view a dwarf's thoughts, press {{key|v}} on the dwarf. Then press {{key|p}}(preferences) -> {{key|z}} -> {{key|enter}}. 
Now you will see descriptions on how the dwarf feels ''(Ecstatic, happy, content, unhappy, miserable)'', and what recent events made an impact on the dwarf. There are also some personal traits listed on the bottom.

== Happy thoughts ==
A catalog of happy thoughts:
* "Slept in a (good) quality [[bedroom]] recently"
* "Dined in a (good) quality [[dining room]] lately"
* "Had a pretty decent/fine/good/wonderful/truly decadent drink/meal lately" -boosted by food pref?
* "Is quite pleased with making an [[artifact]]" - huge boost
* "Admired a fine craft/furniture/building lately"
* "Admired a own fine craft/furniture/building lately" -both of these boosted by material pref.
* "Made a friend recently"
* "Talked with a friend lately"
* "Talked with the spouse lately"
* "Talked with a parent lately" -Child
* "Was comforted by a pet recently"
* "Received [[water]]/[[food]] recently"
* "Gave somebody water/food lately"
* "Was comforted by a lovely waterfall lately" - Mist from falling water
* "Has been rescued recently" - Wounded
* "Was able to rest and recuperate lately" - Wounded
* "Made a satisfying acquisition lately."
* "Has been satisfied at work lately" -boosted by preferences
* "Had a satisfying sparring session lately"
* "Pleased to have a mandate deadline met lately" - you are treating the nobles wrong, they get cocky
* "Conducted a meeting in a great setting recently"
* "Was honored to join the Fortress Guard"
* "Took joy in slaughter lately"
* "Beat somebody with a hammer recently" - Hammerer
* "Was glad to have punishment delayed recently" - Criminal
* "Is happy to be free" - criminal after his sentence ended
* "Was very pleased to receive a higher rank of nobility recently" - Count
* "Was very happy to be elected mayor recently" - Mayor
* "Was satisfied to bring up job scarcity in a meeting lately" - after a meeting at the manager's office
* "Cried on somebody in charge lately and felt a little/lot better afterwards" - result of an unhappy dwarf using mayor's consoler skill.
* "Shouted at someone in charge recently, and felt better afterwards" - result of an unhappy dwarf using mayor's pacifier skill.

==Unhappy thoughts ==
A catalog of unhappy thoughts:
* "Slept without a [[bed]] / Slept in the mud"
* "Slept without a decent room lately"
* "Ate in poor dining room recently" - Noble
* "Slept uneasily due to [[noise]] recently"
* "Was awoken by noise while sleeping lately"
* "Complained of the lack of [[chair]]s / [[table]]s"
* "Was upset to be wearing old/tattered clothing lately" -removed/deferred for later versions
* "Complained about the [[military|draft]]"
* "Complained of thirst lately"
* "Has been dehydrated"
* "Has been starving lately"
* "Was upset at having given aid to someone lately" -personality trait
* "Lost a good friend/husband/wife/child"
* "Had a miscarriage recently" - Married female
* "Was knocked out during a cave-in lately"
* "Sustained minor injuries lately"
* "Was annoyed by [[vermin]]"
* "Has been accosted by terrible vermin" -personal dislike
* "Was disgusted by [[miasma]]"
* "Has been annoyed by flies"
* "Was [[Cave adaptation|nauseated]] by the sun lately"
* "Has witnessed death"
* "Is depressed about being [[Justice|confined]]"
* "Was unhappy with the lack of work last season"''
* "Was unable to make suggestions about [[manager|work allocations]] lately" - Manager
* "Was unable to find someone to complain to about job scarcity lately"
* "Was shouted at by an unhappy citizen lately" - After counselling an unhappy dwarf
* "Was upset to have disappointed a noble recently" - Tax Collector
* "Was misinformed about a room for tax collection recently" - Tax Collector
* "Was worried not to have adequate protection lately" - Tax Collector
* "Was upset by having a mandate ignored lately" (heh, noble gets what's coming to him!)
* "Conducted a meeting in an awful setting recently" - Mayor
* "Was angered that nobody could be punished for a recent failure" - Noble
* "Was upset/flattened/shattered/enraged/traumatized/utterly traumatized by a lesser's pretentious sleeping/dining/office/burial arrangements lately" - Noble
* "Has been evicted lately"
* "Formed a grudge recently"

== The mechanics of thoughts ==

{{Spoiler|The rest of this page|the exact mechanics of thoughts}}

{{Old|0.23.130.23a|, the 2D version}}

A dwarf's emotional state is quantified in a single number. This number is computed by summing the modifier for each thought the dwarf is currently remembering. Each thought lasts one year, and after half a year has passed since gaining a thought, the modifier is halved, rounding away from zero (so 7 halved would be 4 and -9 halved would be -5). There is no way to tell the age of a thought.

The resulting number is then used in this table:

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse"
! Number
! Happiness
|-
| 151 or more || ecstatic
|-
| 126 to 150 || happy
|-
| 76 to 125 || quite content
|-
| 51 to 75 || fine
|-
| 26 to 50 || unhappy
|-
| 1 to 25 || very unhappy
|-
| 0 || miserable
|}

The method by which one is chosen for thoughts with multiple negative bonus possibilities is presently unknown. It appears that some are merely incremented for each occurrence. Others apparently are chosen by the severity of the incident that caused the thought.

<pre>
is happy to be free +1000
is quite pleased with making an artifact +1000
was forced to eat a treasured pet to survive lately -1000
has suffered the travesty of art defacement up to -1000 (depends on number of masterwork items created)

slept <place> recently -30,-20,-10,-5,-3,or -2
* in the mud
* in the grass
* in the dirt
* on rocks
* on a rough cave floor
* on the floor

has <ailment> lately -5
* complained of hunger
* complained of thirst
* been tired
has been <ailment> lately -30
* starving
* dehydrated
* exhausted

dined in a <quality> dining room recently
* legendary +20
* fantastic +10
* great +5
* very good +3
* good +2
slept in a bedroom like a personal palace recently +20
slept in a <quality> bedroom recently
* fantastic +10
* great +5
* very good +3
* good +2

was worried by the scarcity of <guards,prison> lately -10
* royal guards
* fortress guards
* cages and chains

{ate/had} a <quality> {meal/drink} lately
* legendary +20
* truly decadent +10
* wonderful +5
* fine +3
* pretty decent +2

I plan to explain how this the notation list works later, but for now I'll
just put this note to explain the above note. It is either "ate a <quality>
meal lately" or "had a <quality> drink lately"

has lost a <close one> recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
* spouse
* friend to tragedy
* sibling to tragedy
* child to tragedy
* mother to tragedy
* father to tragedy

I have formatted all of the above. The below may use a different formatting
system than the above.

has complained about the draft lately -30
was upset about being relieved from duty -30
was upset about being expelled from the Royal Guard -30
was upset about being expelled from the Fortress Guard -20

was able to rest and recuperate lately +10
received water recently +10
received food recently +10
was rescued recently +10

had a miscarriage recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
has been evicted lately -10
has been attacked lately -30,-20,-10,or -5
has been attacked by the dead lately -50,-30,-20,or -10
was unable to reach a room for tax collection lately -5
was misinformed about a room for tax collection lately -5
was upset that the tax collection didn't go smoothly lately -10
has been taxed recently -5
has lost property to the Royal Guard recently -10
was upset to have disappointed a noble lately -10
has complained of the lack of chairs lately -30,-20,-10,-5,-3,or -2
has complained of the crowded tables lately -2
has complained of the lack of dining tables lately -30,-20,-10,-5,-3,or -2
was forced to eat vermin to survive lately -30,-20,or -10
was forced to eat a beloved creature to survive lately -50
has complained of the lack of a well lately -5,-3 or -2
has complained of the nasty water lately TBD
was forced to drink slime lately -30,-20,-10,or -5
was forced to drink vomit lately -30,-20,-10,or -5
was forced to drink bloody water lately -30,-20,-10,or -5
slept uneasily due to noise lately -2
slept very uneasily due to noise lately -5
was woken by noise while sleeping lately -10
was worried not to have adequate protection lately -10
has been annoyed by flies -5,-3 or -2
has been accosted by terrible vermin -30,-20,or -10
saw something unpleasant in a cage recently -10,-5,or -3
saw something unpleasant in a pond recently -10,-5,or -3
has witnessed death -30,-20,-10,or -5
has lost a pet recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
has lost a pet recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
accidentally killed somebody in a fit of rage recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
killed somebody by accident while sparring recently -50,-30,-20,or -10
was forced to endure the decay of a {related dwarf or pet} recently -20,-10,-5,or -3
ate rotten food lately -10,-5,or -3
drank something spoiled lately -10,-5,or -3
was {unhappiness level} by long patrol duty lately TBD
was disgusted by a bloody mist lately -10,-5,-3,or -2
was disgusted by a miasma lately -10,-5,-3,or -2
choked on smoke underground lately -5,-3 or -2
choked on dust underground lately -5,-3 or -2
was knocked out during a cave-in lately -20,-10,-5,or -3
was embarrassed to have to conduct an official meeting in a dining room -50,-30,-20,-10,-5,or -3
was very embarrassed to have to conduct an official meeting in a bedroom-50,-30,-20,-10,-5,or -3
was incredibly embarrassed not to have any rooms lately -50,-30,-20,-10,-5,or -3
sustained major injuries recently -30,-20,-10,or -5
sustained minor injuries recently -20,-10,-5,or -3
slept without a proper room recently -30,-20,-10,-5,-3,or -2
slept in a horribly substandard bedroom recently -20
slept in a horrible bedroom recently -10
slept in an awful bedroom recently -5
slept in a very poor bedroom recently -3
slept in a poor bedroom recently -2
conducted a meeting in a horribly substandard setting recently -30
conducted a meeting in a horrible setting recently -20
conducted a meeting in an awful setting recently -10
conducted a meeting in a very poor setting recently -5
conducted a meeting in a poor setting recently -3
dined in a horribly substandard dining room recently -20
dined in a horrible dining room recently -10
dined in an awful dining room recently -5
dined in a very poor dining room recently -3
dined in a poor dining room recently -2
dined without a proper dining room recently -30,-20,-10,-5,-3,or -2
worried greatly about not have a tomb after gaining another year-50,-30,-20,-10,-5,or -3
worried about having a horribly substandard tomb after gaining another year -30
worried about having a horrible tomb after gaining another year -20
worried about having an awful tomb after gaining another year -10
worried about having a very poor tomb after gaining another year-5
worried about having a poor tomb after gaining another year -3
was greatly angered at the state of demands recently -10
was very angered at the state of demands recently -5
was angered at the state of demands recently -3
was upset by not having enough chests lately -3
was upset by not having enough cabinets lately -3
was upset by not having enough armor stands lately -3
was upset by not having enough weapon racks lately -3
was upset to be wearing old clothing lately -3 or -2
was upset to be wearing tattered clothing lately -5,-3 or -2
was very upset to have worn clothes rot away lately -10,-5,or -3
was very embarrassed to be uncovered lately -20,-10,or -5
was embarrassed to have no shirt lately -10,-5,or -3
was embarrassed to have no shoes lately -10,-5,or -3
was very embarrassed to be uncloaked lately -20,-10,or -5
was caught in the rain recently -3 or -2
was caught in a snow storm recently -3 or -2
was {unhappiness level} by a lesser's pretentious {building} arrangements lately TBD
The above is for nobles only.
was unable to find an available hammer lately -50
was upset by having a mandate ignored lately -5
was upset by having a mandate deadline missed lately -3
was upset by having a request ignored lately -5
was angered that nobody could be punished for a recent failure -10
was upset that a criminal could not be properly punished -5
was upset by the delayed punishment of a criminal -5
was beaten recently -10,-5,or -3
was beaten with a hammer recently -20,-10,-5,or -3
is depressed about being confined -10
was unhappy with the amount of available work last season -10
had a terrifying nightmare about an army of the dead -20
admired {a/own} {quality} {building} lately TBD
admired {a/own} {quality} {building} lately TBD
admired {a/own} {quality} {building} lately TBD
admired {a/own} {quality} {building} lately TBD
was comforted by a wonderful creature in a cage recently +3
was comforted by a wonderful creature in a pond recently +3
was pleased by having a request approved lately +5
was glad to have punishment reduced recently +20
was glad to have punishment delayed recently +20
beat somebody recently +5
beat somebody with a hammer recently +5
was honored to join the Royal Guard +20
was honored to join the Fortress Guard +10
has been satisfied at work lately +5
was happy to have pleased a noble lately +10
made a satisfying acquisition lately +10
adopted a new pet recently +10
took joy in slaughter lately +10
was comforted by a pet lately +5
saw a beloved creature lately +5
was pleased to have a mandate deadline met lately +10
talked with a friend lately +2
made a friend recently +5
was pleased that the tax collection went smoothly lately +10
was comforted by a lovely waterfall lately +5
conducted a meeting in a setting worthy of legends recently +30
conducted a meeting in a fantastic setting recently +20
conducted a meeting in a great setting recently +10
conducted a meeting in a very good setting recently +5
conducted a meeting in a good setting recently +3
was greatly pleased at the state of demands recently +10
was very pleased at the state of demands recently +5
was pleased at the state of demands recently +3
celebrated having a legendary tomb after gaining another year +30
celebrated having a fantastic tomb after gaining another year +20
celebrated having a great tomb after gaining another year +10
celebrated having a very good tomb after gaining another year +5
celebrated having a good tomb after gaining another year +3
enjoyed starting a fist fight recently +20
enjoyed smashing up a building recently +20
enjoyed toppling something over recently +10
enjoyed throwing something recently +5
had a satisfying sparring session recently +10
was nauseated by the sun lately -20
was irritated by the sun lately -10
</pre>

== All thoughts in current version ==

From the [[string dump]]:

It should be reasonably clear which are positive and negative.

Some have been edited here from the raw versions in the string dump, since they are built up from component substrings.

<pre>
gave birth to ___ recently
got married recently
became caught up in a new romance recently
gained siblings
gained a sibling
became a parent
slept uneasily due to noise lately
slept very uneasily due to noise lately
was woken by noise while sleeping lately
has been evicted lately
has been tired lately
had a miscarriage recently
has been exhausted lately
has complained of hunger lately
has complained of thirst lately
has been starving lately
has been dehydrated lately
was worried by the scarcity of royal guards lately
was worried by the scarcity of fortress guards lately
was worried by the scarcity of cages and chains lately
was unable to reach a room for tax collection lately
was misinformed about a room for tax collection lately
was upset that the tax collection didn't go smoothly lately
has been taxed recently
has lost property to the Royal Guard recently
was upset to have disappointed a noble lately
has been attacked lately
has been attacked by a dead pet lately
has been attacked by a dead spouse lately
has been attacked by a dead lover lately
has been attacked by a dead sibling lately
has been attacked by own dead mother lately
has been attacked by own dead father lately
has been attacked by own dead child lately
has been attacked by a dead friend lately
has been attacked by a dead and still annoying acquaintance lately
has been attacked by the dead lately
was forced to eat vermin to survive lately
was forced to eat a beloved creature to survive lately
was forced to eat a treasured pet to survive lately
has complained of the lack of chairs lately
has complained of the crowded tables lately
has complained of the lack of dining tables lately
has complained of the lack of a well lately
has complained of the nasty water lately
was forced to drink ___ water lately
was forced to drink slime lately
was forced to drink vomit lately
has suffered the travesty of art defacement
has been annoyed by flies
has witnessed death
has lost a pet recently
is happy to be free
had a satisfying sparring session recently
killed somebody by accident while sparring recently
enjoyed starting a fist fight recently
enjoyed smashing up a building recently
enjoyed toppling something over recently
enjoyed throwing something recently
accidentally killed somebody in a fit of rage recently
has lost a spouse to tragedy recently
has lost a lover to tragedy recently
had a terrifying nightmare about an army of the dead
has lost an annoying acquaintance to tragedy recently
was just a little happy to lose an annoying acquaintance to tragedy recently
was happy to lose an annoying acquaintance to tragedy recently
was thrilled to lose an annoying acquaintance to tragedy recently
has lost a friend to tragedy recently
has lost a sibling to tragedy recently
has lost a child to tragedy recently
has lost a mother to tragedy recently
has lost a father to tragedy recently
was forced to endure the decay of a pet
was forced to endure the decay of a spouse
was forced to endure the decay of a lover
was forced to endure the decay of a sibling
was forced to endure the decay of a mother
was forced to endure the decay of a father
was forced to endure the decay of a child
was forced to endure the decay of a friend
was forced to endure the decay of an annoying acquaintance
has been accosted by terrible vermin
saw something unpleasant in a cage recently
was comforted by a wonderful creature in a cage recently
saw something unpleasant in a pond recently
was comforted by a wonderful creature in a pond recently
was able to rest and recuperate lately
received water recently
received food recently
was rescued recently
was overjoyed to be able to give somebody water lately
was happy to have been able to give somebody water lately
was pleased to have been able to give somebody water lately
gave somebody water lately
was irritated at having to give somebody water lately
was unhappy at having to give somebody water lately
has suffered the pain of having to give somebody water lately
was overjoyed to be able to give somebody food lately
was happy to have been able to give somebody food lately
was pleased to have been able to give somebody food lately
gave somebody food lately
was irritated at having to give somebody food lately
was unhappy at having to give somebody food lately
has suffered the pain of having to give somebody food lately
was overjoyed to be able to help somebody to bed lately
was happy to have been able to help somebody to bed lately
was pleased to have been able to help somebody to bed lately
brought somebody to bed lately
was irritated at having to haul somebody to bed lately
was unhappy at having to haul somebody to bed lately
has suffered the pain of having to haul somebody to bed lately
has complained about the draft lately
was worried not to have adequate protection lately
was upset about being relieved from duty
was honored to join the Royal Guard
was upset about being expelled from the Royal Guard
was honored to join the Fortress Guard
was upset about being expelled from the Fortress Guard
has been satisfied at work lately
was happy to have pleased a noble lately
was pleased that the tax collection went smoothly lately
is quite pleased with making an artifact
was upset that a criminal could not be properly punished
was glad to have punishment reduced recently
was upset by the delayed punishment of a criminal
was glad to have punishment delayed recently
beat somebody recently
beat somebody with a hammer recently
was beaten recently
was beaten with a hammer recently
is depressed about being confined
made a satisfying acquisition lately
talked with a pet lately
talked with the spouse lately
talked with a lover lately
talked with a sibling lately
talked with mother lately
talked with father lately
talked with a child lately
talked with a friend lately
was forced to talk to somebody annoying lately
talked with somebody lately
made a friend recently
formed a grudge recently
adopted a new pet recently
was unhappy with the lack of work last season
was caught in the rain recently
was caught in a snow storm recently
has been tired of eating the same old food lately
has been tired of drinking the same old booze lately
ate rotten food lately
drank something spoiled lately
took joy in slaughter lately
ate a pretty decent meal lately
ate a fine dish lately
ate a wonderful dish lately
ate a truly decadent dish lately
ate a legendary meal lately
had a pretty decent drink lately
had a fine drink lately
had a wonderful drink lately
had a truly decadent drink lately
had a legendary drink lately
was comforted by a pet lately
saw a beloved creature lately
was pleased to have a mandate deadline met lately
was angered that nobody could be punished for a recent failure
was upset by having a request ignored lately
was pleased by having a request approved lately
was upset by having a mandate ignored lately
was upset by having a mandate deadline missed lately
was comforted by a lovely waterfall lately
was disgusted by a bloody mist lately
was disgusted by a miasma lately
choked on dust underground lately
choked on smoke underground lately
was knocked out during a cave-in lately
was embarrassed to have to conduct an official meeting in a dining room
was very embarrassed to have to conduct an official meeting in a bedroom
was incredibly embarrassed not to have any rooms lately
was very happy to be elected mayor recently
was very happy to be re-elected mayor recently
was very satisfied to be chosen as the expedition leader recently
was very pleased to receive a higher rank of nobility recently
was proud to have become a mayor recently
sustained major injuries recently
sustained minor injuries recently
slept in the mud recently
slept in the grass recently
slept in the dirt recently
slept on rocks recently
slept on ice recently
slept on a pile of driftwood recently
slept on a rough cave floor recently
slept on the floor recently
slept in a bedroom like a personal palace recently
slept in a fantastic bedroom recently
slept in a great bedroom recently
slept in a very good bedroom recently
slept in a good bedroom recently
slept in a horribly substandard bedroom recently
slept in a horrible bedroom recently
slept in an awful bedroom recently
slept in a very poor bedroom recently
slept in a poor bedroom recently
slept without a proper room recently
conducted a meeting in a setting worthy of legends recently
conducted a meeting in a fantastic setting recently
conducted a meeting in a great setting recently
conducted a meeting in a very good setting recently
conducted a meeting in a good setting recently
conducted a meeting in a horribly substandard setting recently
conducted a meeting in a horrible setting recently
conducted a meeting in an awful setting recently
conducted a meeting in a very poor setting recently
conducted a meeting in a poor setting recently
dined in a legendary dining room recently
dined in a fantastic dining room recently
dined in a great dining room recently
dined in a very good dining room recently
dined in a good dining room recently
dined in a horribly substandard dining room recently
dined in a horrible dining room recently
dined in an awful dining room recently
dined in a very poor dining room recently
dined in a poor dining room recently
dined without a proper dining room recently
worried greatly about not having a tomb after gaining another year
celebrated having a legendary tomb after gaining another year
celebrated having a fantastic tomb after gaining another year
celebrated having a great tomb after gaining another year
celebrated having a very good tomb after gaining another year
celebrated having a good tomb after gaining another year
worried about having a horribly substandard tomb after gaining another year
worried about having a horrible tomb after gaining another year
worried about having an awful tomb after gaining another year
worried about having a very poor tomb after gaining another year
worried about having a poor tomb after gaining another year
was greatly pleased at the state of demands recently
was very pleased at the state of demands recently
was pleased at the state of demands recently
was greatly angered at the state of demands recently
was very angered at the state of demands recently
was angered at the state of demands recently
was upset by not having enough chests lately
was upset by not having enough cabinets lately
was upset by not having enough armor stands lately
was upset by not having enough weapon racks lately
was upset to be wearing old clothing lately
was upset to be wearing tattered clothing lately
was very upset to have worn clothes rot away lately
was very embarrassed to be uncovered lately
was embarrassed to have no shirt lately
was embarrassed to have no shoes lately
was very embarrassed to be uncloaked lately
was unable to find an available hammer lately
was nauseated by the sun lately
was irritated by the sun lately
was grumbling about/depressed by/angered by/enraged by ___ long patrol duty lately
was yelled at by an unhappy citizen recently
was cried on by an unhappy citizen recently
was satisfied to bring up job scarcity in a meeting lately
was able to make suggestions about work allocations lately
was glad to request weapon production lately
had a cathartic experience yelling at somebody in charge lately
yelled at somebody in charge lately and felt fantastic afterward
yelled at somebody in charge lately and felt great afterward
yelled at somebody in charge lately and felt a lot better afterward
yelled at somebody in charge lately and felt better afterward
yelled at somebody in charge lately and felt a little better afterward
yelled at somebody in charge lately
yelled at somebody in charge lately but only got angrier
had a cathartic experience crying on somebody in charge lately
cried on somebody in charge lately and felt fantastic afterward
cried on somebody in charge lately and felt great afterward
cried on somebody in charge lately and felt a lot better afterward
cried on somebody in charge lately and felt better afterward
cried on somebody in charge lately and felt a little better afterward
cried on somebody in charge lately
cried on somebody in charge lately but only felt more depressed
was unable to find somebody to complain to about job scarcity lately
was unable to make suggestions about work allocations lately
was unable to request weapon production lately
was unable to find somebody in charge to yell at lately
was unable to find somebody in charge to cry on lately
put off/flustered/upset/very upset/greatly upset/angered/enraged/traumatized/utterly traumatized by a lesser's pretentious burial/office/dining/sleeping arrangements lately
admired (own?) very fine/splendid/wonderful/completely sublime/tastefully arranged ___ lately
</pre>

[[Category:Thoughts| ]]

40d:Magma

2009-11-15T01:10:32Z

Amalgam: /* Magma flow */

'''Magma''' is red-hot molten rock present in [[volcano]]es, as well as magma pools and magma pipes. It serves as an energy source, powering [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s and [[magma smelter]]s, which do not "use it up" in any way. It is ''extremely'' dangerous, and has led to the death of many dwarfs, and many fortresses.

Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. If mixed with water it can form obsidian (see below).

'''Lava''' is the same substance. Magma is what it is called underground, while it is called Lava if it is above ground. 

==Magma sources==
Magma almost exclusively occurs in two different features; magma pools and magma pipes.

* A '''magma pool''' is a reservoir of magma that occupies only a few Z-Levels in the mountain, without reaching the surface. Magma pools can be very small, and may have few suitable locations for buildings that rely on magma. Magma in these pools is limited, and pools will not refill with magma once emptied.

* A '''magma pipe''' starts at the lowest z-level of the map from a magma (or lava) flow and extend in a pipe shape upwards, sometimes reaching the surface but often not. Magma Pipes gradually refill with magma.

Also, note that...

* A '''[[volcano]]''' is identical in gameplay to a magma pipe, but it has the advantage of being a geographical feature that is visible on the [[location]] screen. This means that it is a lot easier to find. However, it IS actually possible for a volcano that shows up on the "local" and region screen in the starting location chooser to be entirely underground - although you could see it in the starting location chooser, it would not be visible from the surface once your dwarves have arrived at the fort's site.

* A magma "'''vent'''" is the generic, non-game term for either a pipe or pool. When the distinction doesn't matter, it's commonly referred to as a vent.

== Finding magma ==

Volcanoes are visible on the "local" screen in the starting location chooser. It is represented as a red ≈ mark (a double tilde) - essentially it looks like red water. Note that red ≈ marks in the "region" screen mean something different entirely (e.g. red sand).
If you are using a certain [[utility]], you can also see magma pools and magma pipes on the local screen in the embark menu.
After you have embarked for a place that has a volcano, and once your dwarves have arrived at their target destination, you should see a large red pool of lava on your map. If you don't, you should expect your volcano to be somewhere underground. You then have to use [[exploratory mining]] to find it. If you can find a large patch of obsidian on the surface that is devoid of boulders, chances are there is a magma vent below, so that would be a good place to start your mining.

While picking a starting location, the easiest place to look for magma is on or near a [[volcano]] (a red ^ mark in the "region" screen). There are often volcanic islands (easy to find, since they are the sole land in the middle of oceans), but since sea travel is not yet implemented, trade with other races may not be possible on such islands. Instead, find a volcano on land, and (optionally) start looking for a vent in nearby squares. "Nearby squares" can mean anything from literally on top of the volcano, to adjacent, to quite a long distance away indeed. The placement of magma seems to be related to the distance from volcanoes, but is still essentially random.

Magma vents occur exclusively in world map tiles that are primarily [[igneous extrusive]]. That is to say, if you select an entire tile on the embarkation screen and press F1 to highlight the most common terrain, the tile will only have magma if the top stone is dark gray, signifying igneous extrusive rock. Magma does not necessarily form in this geological zone/biome, rather anywhere in the tile. Even if magma is not evident on the surface, it's almost certain to be underground somewhere, though the chances of finding it without reveal.exe are still slim.

Much harder than simply finding a magma vent is finding a magma vent that is also near suitable terrain for building. Depending on your requirements - you may be looking for a source of running [[water]], or a [[mountain]] for minerals, or a healthy [[tree]] population, a layer of [[flux]] for [[steel]] production or even all four - suitable building sites can be extremely scarce.

Since volcanoes show up on the region finder, and magma vents do not, you may find it easier to simply check all volcanoes on a map for suitability, and generate a new world if none are suitable, rather than scouring tile after tile for magma vents.

If you're willing to search exhaustively, you might want to consider finding magma vents that are not near volcanoes at all. Very occasionally, magma will be visible in the middle of forests, plains, or other terrain nowhere near a volcano or even mountains. There is no way to spot these on the region map, so you have to review the local maps. This can be done from DF, but since it involves a lot of scrolling and is very tedious, you can try exporting the local map of the world which can be much more quickly searched for the distinctive red ≈ symbol.

You can also occasionally find magma that does not extend all the way to the surface, and therefore is not visible on the local map. These are in fact much more numerous than surface-visible magma vents; however, they are almost impossible to find without cheating via one of the [[utilities]] like "reveal.exe", since unlike proper magma vents these smaller deposits must be almost literally mined into to see (you will get a warning about "warm stone" before you actually breach the deposit). These smaller magma deposits appear in the same places as normal magma vents - near volcanoes, or, failing that, near other known magma.

The newly-added "Site Finder" feature neatly sidesteps all of this legwork, allowing you to search for a site with a magma pool or pipe without having to manually check each tile on the world map. Note that unless you edit the .init file so that magma features are shown on the local map, you won't know exactly ''where'' the lava is prior to embarking- just that it exists. Depending on whether or not you like a little mystery, this can be turned on or off at will.

== Using magma ==

On a map with a magma vent, the magma will be clearly visible from every level ground and below, unless the map is in a Freezing area. In Freezing areas, the top few levels of the vent will have cooled to form an [[obsidian]] "cap". This should still be readily recognizable however, as it will comprise a circular area. The minerals directly adjacent to the magma vent will also be immediately visible, even at the lowest level of the map, which can give some hints about where to prospect for ores.

[[Image:magmacap.png|thumb|188px|Obsidian "magmacap" as seen from ground level]]

The vent has a similar, circular shape on each level. However, it is not identical from one level to the next; some levels will have a larger or somewhat misshapen circle of magma.

The primary use for magma is to power [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s and [[magma forge]]s. (There are other uses, including defense, [[obsidian]] production, and possibly even garbage disposal.) To build forges, etc. on magma, at least one of the external eight squares must be above a square of magma.

This can be done most easily by simply building on ground level. The magma is visible from ground level but is actually contained one level below ground level, just like any ground-level water source.

To build underground, you will need to dig at least one tile of a [[channel]] down from the location you wish to build the smelter or forge. Eventually, flowing into this channel (on that lower z-level immediately below the forge or smelter), there must be magma, either from the pipe/pool itself or channeled from the vent. You can simply build a tunnel straight into the magma (and lose the miner who digs it 99% of the time), or use [[channel]]ing to tap into the magma safely from the level above - this latter requires the lower level to be wider than the upper, to jut out so that last tile can be channeled away from above to free the magma into the tunnel system on that level.

Tapping into magma directly is usually safe provided that you are prepared for it (see Pressure note below). Magma is much slower than water, and can be stopped by any [[magma-safe]] [[floodgate]], [[door]] or etc. with a [[bauxite]] mechanism. Take care however if you are using a [[screwpump]] to pump magma into a tunnel/funnel with a cistern below - the pump will make the magma overflow as it would with water.

Volcanoes and magma pipes slowly replenish their supply of magma. A miner with less than Unbelievably Agile will die when breaching a magma tube as he can't move away quick enough.

=== Producing Obsidian ===
Magma can also be used to produce [[obsidian]], a stone which has a base value of 3 (compare with 1 for normal [[stone]] and 2 for [[flux]] stones), and which can be used to make swords at a [[Craftsdwarf's Workshop]].

See [[Obsidian farming]].

==Magma flow==

[[Image:Safemagma.png|thumb|188px|Magma safely diverted underground (cross section)]]

Magma is a chunky liquid and as such will not be affected by pressure under normal circumstances.

Thus it can be safely passed through tunnels to be used at a lower point in the fortress.

A frequent mistake, however, is to assume that a channel is sufficient to cause magma to fall. While magma will not rise out of a channel, it can flow over the top once the channel fills up.

Another common mistake has to deal with magma pipes and volcanos in Freezing areas. Many people will channel into the obsidian cap and then into the magma through there. However, once a tile of the obsidian 'cap' is breached, the tile directly above the breach will then be included as part of the magma pipe and the magma will begin rising until it has filled that square. For fortresses that tapped into the magma, this can result in waves of magma slowly filling up the fortress from the bottom level up to the magma pipe's new top level. The magma can continue to rise all of the way to the surface if an entire section of the obsidian cap is channeled. The magma will not harden into obsidian again, though, just from the cold temperatures.

[[Image:Unsafemagma.png|thumb|188px|Danger: This will overflow (cross section)]]

Also note that screw pumps can cause magma to behave oddly. Magma that is emerging pumped from a screwpump will behave as if pressurized, and be forced upwards to the same level as the pump.{{version|0.28.181.40d}} However, this only occurs while the pump is actively pumping magma into a tile that is already full. It seems likely that this behavior is a result of code in the pump ignoring what type of fluid is being pumped, causing the pumped fluid to be passed to a connected tile as if pressurized. It may not be desired behavior, and thus may change in subsequent versions. It is possible to use this effect to channel magma from distant source. If you happen to have constructed your fortress very far from the magma source, you can use a screw pump to "pressurize" the magma to force to flow much more quickly. Where unpressurized magma might take years to flow across the map, pressurized magma would just take a few days.

[[Image:Pumpedmagma.png|thumb|154px|Pumps will cause magma to rise to the level of the pump (cross section)]]

==Magma compared to water==

Magma is a chunky liquid. As such, it acts like water in certain circumstances, but acts differently in others.

===Similarities===

*Magma fills a tile and has seven possible depths.
*Magma flows outward and downward to expand into clear space.
*Screw pumps work in magma.
*Floodgates and [[pressure plate]]s work in magma.
*Constructed [[wall]]s of all kinds safely contain magma.{{version|0.28.181.40d}}
*Objects thrown into magma sink to the bottom.
*Magma that is only 1 deep "evaporates" over time.
*Magma will create mist.

===Differences===

*Magma is extremely hot, and capable of melting objects and buildings made of most materials (see [[Magma#Magma vs. built objects|Magma vs. built objects]]) and thus destroying them.
*Magma is not normally pressurized, it seeps out of holes slower than water and slow enough for any [[dwarves]] to outrun, unless they are the ones digging into it.
*Magma only spawns directly above the "Magma Flow" tiles at the bottom of a [[Magma#Magma sources|magma pipe]], and only up to the original top level. Otherwise, its level may rise only by dripping more magma from above, and new magma may only distribute itself by moving down or to the sides, but never up.
*Magma reacts violently with water, releasing steam and leaving behind tiles of solid obsidian which can be mined, smoothed or engraved like any natural tile.
*Magma cannot be used to satisfy [[thirst]].
*[[Magma mist]] is not generated by falling magma, but only by a [[cave-in]].
*Magma mist will not generate happy [[thought]]s, but will instead burn whatever it touches.

== Magma vs. built objects ==

Some objects that come in contact with magma will function fine, no matter what their material. Others will melt or cease to work properly unless they're made of [[magma-safe materials]].

* [[Workshop]]s that are powered by magma need not be built of magma-safe materials to function - [[fire-safe]] materials are sufficient.
* Constructed objects like [[wall]]s, [[floor]]s, [[stairs]] and [[ramps]] can be made of any material, even those that are not "Magma-safe", and can come into contact with magma without issues.
* Like walls, [[door]]s can also be built out of any material and still hold back lava as long as it's in the "closed" position. It may be wise to make sure hallways/rooms close to an engineering project involving magma have plenty of doors, just in case you have a little too much [[fun]] when you forget to build that last [[floodgate]].
* [[Bridge]]s that are built over magma may be constructed of any material. However, bridges that are submerged in magma must be constructed of a magma-safe material.
* Most machines must be made of [[magma-safe materials]] to function for more than a few minutes in magma. This includes [[floodgate]]s. Unsafe materials will function for a while, but then melt or burn away. Screw pumps made from flammable materials (wood, possibly also graphite, lignite, or bituminous coal blocks) can catch fire, though stone and metal components need not be magma-safe unless the rear tile of the pump is submerged.
* Stone [[mechanism]]s attached to a construction will melt in magma unless made of bauxite or [[raw adamantine]], even if the construction itself is made of [[steel]].

If even a single component of a submerged building melts (whether a chalk mechanism on a steel floodgate or a copper sword in a weapon trap), the entire building will deconstruct.

== Magma creatures ==
[[Fire imp]]s, [[fire man|firemen]], [[magma man|magma men]], and [[fire snake]]s inhabit Magma. Fire snakes are a type of [[vermin]] that can set your fortress on [[fire]] with little to no warning. Like all other vermin, they may spawn a short distance outside their native environment, meaning they can appear in any region near a magma pipe, even if the region and magma have no physical connection.

== Temperature settings ==

Magma is almost harmless if temperature is disabled in the Dwarf Fortress init file. It can still trap and suffocate or simply starve your dwarves in some situations. It will not melt bridges, etc. constructed of non-[[magma-proof]] materials.

== Magma reactions ==

*Flowing water: If magma happens to contact water it produces some steam and [[obsidian]]. Steam is no longer deadly (as in the old 2D version) so steam traps are ineffective; however, it is now much safer to cast large volumes of [[obsidian]] inside mined or constructed molds. The resulting slabs of [[obsidian]] are functionally identical to native stone.
*[[Activity zone|Pond]] water: A bucket of water dumped onto magma from directly above will cause all of the magma in the tile to disappear in a puff of steam. If dropped from more than one Z-level up, obsidian will be created as expected.
*[[Brook]]s: If magma comes in contact with a brook, it will not produce steam, but will turn the water tile below the brook to obsidian, and give the brook tile the appearance of a dried-up brook.
*Rocks: [[stone|Rock]]s left over from mining will melt if magma covers them. During the season change, all molten rock is automatically removed (at the same time as blood/vomit).
*Trees: [[Tree]]s will not (yet) burn or be destroyed by magma.{{version|0.28.181.40d}}
*Pressure: Magma does not transmit [[water pressure|pressure]].
*Speed: Magma flows at the same rate as unpressurized water.
*In a volcano or a magma pipe, magma will occasionally appear in small columns above its surface [http://www.bay12games.com/forum/index.php?topic=26201.msg311730#msg311730] if it is below its original level. It will not be created above floors. It will be created in 7s, and will probably spread around in few seconds. This may be deadly to unlucky dwarves standing around. Therefore, to be sure to avoid casualties, do not build workshops inside the pipe itself except at the highest level of magma.
*Cave-in: A cave-in of natural tiles or (more than one) constructed tiles landing in magma will cause potentially lethal [[magma mist]].

[[Category:Physics]]
{{Magma FAQ}}

40d:Magma

2009-11-15T01:09:05Z

Amalgam: Added a few version tags to some particularly unintuitive aspects of magma.

'''Magma''' is red-hot molten rock present in [[volcano]]es, as well as magma pools and magma pipes. It serves as an energy source, powering [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s and [[magma smelter]]s, which do not "use it up" in any way. It is ''extremely'' dangerous, and has led to the death of many dwarfs, and many fortresses.

Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. If mixed with water it can form obsidian (see below).

'''Lava''' is the same substance. Magma is what it is called underground, while it is called Lava if it is above ground. 

==Magma sources==
Magma almost exclusively occurs in two different features; magma pools and magma pipes.

* A '''magma pool''' is a reservoir of magma that occupies only a few Z-Levels in the mountain, without reaching the surface. Magma pools can be very small, and may have few suitable locations for buildings that rely on magma. Magma in these pools is limited, and pools will not refill with magma once emptied.

* A '''magma pipe''' starts at the lowest z-level of the map from a magma (or lava) flow and extend in a pipe shape upwards, sometimes reaching the surface but often not. Magma Pipes gradually refill with magma.

Also, note that...

* A '''[[volcano]]''' is identical in gameplay to a magma pipe, but it has the advantage of being a geographical feature that is visible on the [[location]] screen. This means that it is a lot easier to find. However, it IS actually possible for a volcano that shows up on the "local" and region screen in the starting location chooser to be entirely underground - although you could see it in the starting location chooser, it would not be visible from the surface once your dwarves have arrived at the fort's site.

* A magma "'''vent'''" is the generic, non-game term for either a pipe or pool. When the distinction doesn't matter, it's commonly referred to as a vent.

== Finding magma ==

Volcanoes are visible on the "local" screen in the starting location chooser. It is represented as a red ≈ mark (a double tilde) - essentially it looks like red water. Note that red ≈ marks in the "region" screen mean something different entirely (e.g. red sand).
If you are using a certain [[utility]], you can also see magma pools and magma pipes on the local screen in the embark menu.
After you have embarked for a place that has a volcano, and once your dwarves have arrived at their target destination, you should see a large red pool of lava on your map. If you don't, you should expect your volcano to be somewhere underground. You then have to use [[exploratory mining]] to find it. If you can find a large patch of obsidian on the surface that is devoid of boulders, chances are there is a magma vent below, so that would be a good place to start your mining.

While picking a starting location, the easiest place to look for magma is on or near a [[volcano]] (a red ^ mark in the "region" screen). There are often volcanic islands (easy to find, since they are the sole land in the middle of oceans), but since sea travel is not yet implemented, trade with other races may not be possible on such islands. Instead, find a volcano on land, and (optionally) start looking for a vent in nearby squares. "Nearby squares" can mean anything from literally on top of the volcano, to adjacent, to quite a long distance away indeed. The placement of magma seems to be related to the distance from volcanoes, but is still essentially random.

Magma vents occur exclusively in world map tiles that are primarily [[igneous extrusive]]. That is to say, if you select an entire tile on the embarkation screen and press F1 to highlight the most common terrain, the tile will only have magma if the top stone is dark gray, signifying igneous extrusive rock. Magma does not necessarily form in this geological zone/biome, rather anywhere in the tile. Even if magma is not evident on the surface, it's almost certain to be underground somewhere, though the chances of finding it without reveal.exe are still slim.

Much harder than simply finding a magma vent is finding a magma vent that is also near suitable terrain for building. Depending on your requirements - you may be looking for a source of running [[water]], or a [[mountain]] for minerals, or a healthy [[tree]] population, a layer of [[flux]] for [[steel]] production or even all four - suitable building sites can be extremely scarce.

Since volcanoes show up on the region finder, and magma vents do not, you may find it easier to simply check all volcanoes on a map for suitability, and generate a new world if none are suitable, rather than scouring tile after tile for magma vents.

If you're willing to search exhaustively, you might want to consider finding magma vents that are not near volcanoes at all. Very occasionally, magma will be visible in the middle of forests, plains, or other terrain nowhere near a volcano or even mountains. There is no way to spot these on the region map, so you have to review the local maps. This can be done from DF, but since it involves a lot of scrolling and is very tedious, you can try exporting the local map of the world which can be much more quickly searched for the distinctive red ≈ symbol.

You can also occasionally find magma that does not extend all the way to the surface, and therefore is not visible on the local map. These are in fact much more numerous than surface-visible magma vents; however, they are almost impossible to find without cheating via one of the [[utilities]] like "reveal.exe", since unlike proper magma vents these smaller deposits must be almost literally mined into to see (you will get a warning about "warm stone" before you actually breach the deposit). These smaller magma deposits appear in the same places as normal magma vents - near volcanoes, or, failing that, near other known magma.

The newly-added "Site Finder" feature neatly sidesteps all of this legwork, allowing you to search for a site with a magma pool or pipe without having to manually check each tile on the world map. Note that unless you edit the .init file so that magma features are shown on the local map, you won't know exactly ''where'' the lava is prior to embarking- just that it exists. Depending on whether or not you like a little mystery, this can be turned on or off at will.

== Using magma ==

On a map with a magma vent, the magma will be clearly visible from every level ground and below, unless the map is in a Freezing area. In Freezing areas, the top few levels of the vent will have cooled to form an [[obsidian]] "cap". This should still be readily recognizable however, as it will comprise a circular area. The minerals directly adjacent to the magma vent will also be immediately visible, even at the lowest level of the map, which can give some hints about where to prospect for ores.

[[Image:magmacap.png|thumb|188px|Obsidian "magmacap" as seen from ground level]]

The vent has a similar, circular shape on each level. However, it is not identical from one level to the next; some levels will have a larger or somewhat misshapen circle of magma.

The primary use for magma is to power [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s and [[magma forge]]s. (There are other uses, including defense, [[obsidian]] production, and possibly even garbage disposal.) To build forges, etc. on magma, at least one of the external eight squares must be above a square of magma.

This can be done most easily by simply building on ground level. The magma is visible from ground level but is actually contained one level below ground level, just like any ground-level water source.

To build underground, you will need to dig at least one tile of a [[channel]] down from the location you wish to build the smelter or forge. Eventually, flowing into this channel (on that lower z-level immediately below the forge or smelter), there must be magma, either from the pipe/pool itself or channeled from the vent. You can simply build a tunnel straight into the magma (and lose the miner who digs it 99% of the time), or use [[channel]]ing to tap into the magma safely from the level above - this latter requires the lower level to be wider than the upper, to jut out so that last tile can be channeled away from above to free the magma into the tunnel system on that level.

Tapping into magma directly is usually safe provided that you are prepared for it (see Pressure note below). Magma is much slower than water, and can be stopped by any [[magma-safe]] [[floodgate]], [[door]] or etc. with a [[bauxite]] mechanism. Take care however if you are using a [[screwpump]] to pump magma into a tunnel/funnel with a cistern below - the pump will make the magma overflow as it would with water.

Volcanoes and magma pipes slowly replenish their supply of magma. A miner with less than Unbelievably Agile will die when breaching a magma tube as he can't move away quick enough.

=== Producing Obsidian ===
Magma can also be used to produce [[obsidian]], a stone which has a base value of 3 (compare with 1 for normal [[stone]] and 2 for [[flux]] stones), and which can be used to make swords at a [[Craftsdwarf's Workshop]].

See [[Obsidian farming]].

==Magma flow==

[[Image:Safemagma.png|thumb|188px|Magma safely diverted underground (cross section)]]

Magma is a chunky liquid and as such will not be affected by pressure under normal circumstances.

Thus it can be safely passed through tunnels to be used at a lower point in the fortress.

A frequent mistake, however, is to assume that a channel is sufficient to cause magma to fall. While magma will not rise out of a channel, it can flow over the top once the channel fills up.

Another common mistake has to deal with magma pipes and volcanos in Freezing areas. Many people will channel into the obsidian cap and then into the magma through there. However, once a tile of the obsidian 'cap' is breached, the tile directly above the breach will then be included as part of the magma pipe and the magma will begin rising until it has filled that square. For fortresses that tapped into the magma, this can result in waves of magma slowly filling up the fortress from the bottom level up to the magma pipe's new top level. The magma can continue to rise all of the way to the surface if an entire section of the obsidian cap is channeled. The magma will not harden into obsidian again, though, just from the cold temperatures.

[[Image:Unsafemagma.png|thumb|188px|Danger: This will overflow (cross section)]]

(v0.28.181.40d:) Also note that screw pumps can cause magma to behave oddly. Magma that is emerging pumped from a screwpump will behave as if pressurized, and be forced upwards to the same level as the pump.{{version|0.28.181.40d}} However, this only occurs while the pump is actively pumping magma into a tile that is already full. It seems likely that this behavior is a result of code in the pump ignoring what type of fluid is being pumped, causing the pumped fluid to be passed to a connected tile as if pressurized. It may not be desired behavior, and thus may change in subsequent versions. It is possible to use this effect to channel magma from distant source. If you happen to have constructed your fortress very far from the magma source, you can use a screw pump to "pressurize" the magma to force to flow much more quickly. Where unpressurized magma might take years to flow across the map, pressurized magma would just take a few days.

[[Image:Pumpedmagma.png|thumb|154px|Pumps will cause magma to rise to the level of the pump (cross section)]]

==Magma compared to water==

Magma is a chunky liquid. As such, it acts like water in certain circumstances, but acts differently in others.

===Similarities===

*Magma fills a tile and has seven possible depths.
*Magma flows outward and downward to expand into clear space.
*Screw pumps work in magma.
*Floodgates and [[pressure plate]]s work in magma.
*Constructed [[wall]]s of all kinds safely contain magma.{{version|0.28.181.40d}}
*Objects thrown into magma sink to the bottom.
*Magma that is only 1 deep "evaporates" over time.
*Magma will create mist.

===Differences===

*Magma is extremely hot, and capable of melting objects and buildings made of most materials (see [[Magma#Magma vs. built objects|Magma vs. built objects]]) and thus destroying them.
*Magma is not normally pressurized, it seeps out of holes slower than water and slow enough for any [[dwarves]] to outrun, unless they are the ones digging into it.
*Magma only spawns directly above the "Magma Flow" tiles at the bottom of a [[Magma#Magma sources|magma pipe]], and only up to the original top level. Otherwise, its level may rise only by dripping more magma from above, and new magma may only distribute itself by moving down or to the sides, but never up.
*Magma reacts violently with water, releasing steam and leaving behind tiles of solid obsidian which can be mined, smoothed or engraved like any natural tile.
*Magma cannot be used to satisfy [[thirst]].
*[[Magma mist]] is not generated by falling magma, but only by a [[cave-in]].
*Magma mist will not generate happy [[thought]]s, but will instead burn whatever it touches.

== Magma vs. built objects ==

Some objects that come in contact with magma will function fine, no matter what their material. Others will melt or cease to work properly unless they're made of [[magma-safe materials]].

* [[Workshop]]s that are powered by magma need not be built of magma-safe materials to function - [[fire-safe]] materials are sufficient.
* Constructed objects like [[wall]]s, [[floor]]s, [[stairs]] and [[ramps]] can be made of any material, even those that are not "Magma-safe", and can come into contact with magma without issues.
* Like walls, [[door]]s can also be built out of any material and still hold back lava as long as it's in the "closed" position. It may be wise to make sure hallways/rooms close to an engineering project involving magma have plenty of doors, just in case you have a little too much [[fun]] when you forget to build that last [[floodgate]].
* [[Bridge]]s that are built over magma may be constructed of any material. However, bridges that are submerged in magma must be constructed of a magma-safe material.
* Most machines must be made of [[magma-safe materials]] to function for more than a few minutes in magma. This includes [[floodgate]]s. Unsafe materials will function for a while, but then melt or burn away. Screw pumps made from flammable materials (wood, possibly also graphite, lignite, or bituminous coal blocks) can catch fire, though stone and metal components need not be magma-safe unless the rear tile of the pump is submerged.
* Stone [[mechanism]]s attached to a construction will melt in magma unless made of bauxite or [[raw adamantine]], even if the construction itself is made of [[steel]].

If even a single component of a submerged building melts (whether a chalk mechanism on a steel floodgate or a copper sword in a weapon trap), the entire building will deconstruct.

== Magma creatures ==
[[Fire imp]]s, [[fire man|firemen]], [[magma man|magma men]], and [[fire snake]]s inhabit Magma. Fire snakes are a type of [[vermin]] that can set your fortress on [[fire]] with little to no warning. Like all other vermin, they may spawn a short distance outside their native environment, meaning they can appear in any region near a magma pipe, even if the region and magma have no physical connection.

== Temperature settings ==

Magma is almost harmless if temperature is disabled in the Dwarf Fortress init file. It can still trap and suffocate or simply starve your dwarves in some situations. It will not melt bridges, etc. constructed of non-[[magma-proof]] materials.

== Magma reactions ==

*Flowing water: If magma happens to contact water it produces some steam and [[obsidian]]. Steam is no longer deadly (as in the old 2D version) so steam traps are ineffective; however, it is now much safer to cast large volumes of [[obsidian]] inside mined or constructed molds. The resulting slabs of [[obsidian]] are functionally identical to native stone.
*[[Activity zone|Pond]] water: A bucket of water dumped onto magma from directly above will cause all of the magma in the tile to disappear in a puff of steam. If dropped from more than one Z-level up, obsidian will be created as expected.
*[[Brook]]s: If magma comes in contact with a brook, it will not produce steam, but will turn the water tile below the brook to obsidian, and give the brook tile the appearance of a dried-up brook.
*Rocks: [[stone|Rock]]s left over from mining will melt if magma covers them. During the season change, all molten rock is automatically removed (at the same time as blood/vomit).
*Trees: [[Tree]]s will not (yet) burn or be destroyed by magma.{{version|0.28.181.40d}}
*Pressure: Magma does not transmit [[water pressure|pressure]].
*Speed: Magma flows at the same rate as unpressurized water.
*In a volcano or a magma pipe, magma will occasionally appear in small columns above its surface [http://www.bay12games.com/forum/index.php?topic=26201.msg311730#msg311730] if it is below its original level. It will not be created above floors. It will be created in 7s, and will probably spread around in few seconds. This may be deadly to unlucky dwarves standing around. Therefore, to be sure to avoid casualties, do not build workshops inside the pipe itself except at the highest level of magma.
*Cave-in: A cave-in of natural tiles or (more than one) constructed tiles landing in magma will cause potentially lethal [[magma mist]].

[[Category:Physics]]
{{Magma FAQ}}

40d:Fire-safe

2009-11-15T00:49:02Z

Amalgam:

[[Fire-safe materials]] are building materials that cannot catch on [[Fire|fire]]. These include [[Stone|stone]], [[Glass|glass]], and [[Metal|metal]]. [[Wood]] is not a fire-safe material, and neither is [[charcoal]] or [[coke]] (even though they are [[bar]]). Fire-safe materials are only required when the object is going to come into contact with extreme heat, such as a [[wood furnace]], [[smelter]], [[forge]], [[kiln]] or [[glass furnace]], or for [[magma]] versions of these facilities.

[[Flux]] materials, such as [[limestone]] blocks, which are consumed in the purification of [[pig iron]] to produce [[steel]], are considered fire-safe. It is perfectly fine to use [[limestone]] as a flux material to make steel in a limestone smelter. [[Ice]] is also a fire-safe material... somehow. Constructions will never melt or burn, but natural ice walls/floors/ramps/stairs will.

Note that constructions ([[Wall]], [[Floor]], [[Ramp]], [[Stairs]]) can never burn, regardless of what they're made of.

Not to be confused with [[magma-safe materials]]. Many fire-safe materials will still melt when in ''submerged'' in magma, but that is not necessary for buildings that are powered by the stuff or items like doors or grates that may be adjacent to or in contact with magma, but are never surrounded on all sides by it.

[[Category:Materials]]
[[Category:Physics]]