This would have to be a 40d or older pic since in 0.31 this would be overwritten with a trail of blood and or dust. Vomit still happens, but it's harder to notice since it's covered in blood all the time. ;P --[[User:Doctorzuber|Doctorzuber]] 15:12, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

2010-07-25T07:32:33Z

Doctorzuber: /* Water Pressure */

==Keeping Stuff Clean==
I prefer to keep my talk page nice and clean. Feel free to drop me a note if you need to talk to me, just don't expect me to be saving any long conversations here after a matter is resolved. Thanks. [[User:Doctorzuber|Doctorzuber]] 21:39, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

== Water Pressure ==

Doc, have you considered incorporating some of this stuff [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=32453.0 Hydrodynamics Education] into the water pressure page. Readers would gain a much better understanding I think. Also [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=40844.0 this] is releavant. --Arhm

: I'm familiar with kandaak's work on water pressure. I should probably add a link to that page somewhere although I think as things are it accurately represents the same information in my own way. --[[User:Doctorzuber|Doctorzuber]] 07:32, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

v0.31 Talk:Water

2010-07-15T17:38:55Z

Doctorzuber: /* fortifications on map edge to drain fluid away */

v0.31 Talk:Water

2010-07-15T17:37:34Z

Doctorzuber: /* fortifications on map edge to drain fluid away */

v0.31:Magma

2010-07-14T17:54:38Z

Doctorzuber: /* Volcanoes */

{{av}}{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}}
'''Magma''' is a red-hot liquid that wells up from deep within the earth - but not too deep to be found by dwarves. Magma that is above the ground is called '''Lava''' but is still the same exact substance.

Magma serves as an energy source, powering {{L|magma smelter}}s, {{L|magma forge}}s, {{L|magma glass furnace}}s, and {{L|magma kiln}}s. Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to a lot of {{L|fun}}. In the current version magma seems a bit slower to burn things, allowing things to "fall to the bottom" of a magma pipe before finally burning to death. Also workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them and can often scramble to safety as long as they are not fully immersed in 7/7 magma. It's worth noting that magma never seems to blink with {{l|flow}} now either.

The list of materials that are '''{{l|magma-safe}}''' has been expanded considerably in this version. Magma never cools, but can {{L|evaporation|evaporate}} if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms {{L|obsidian}}.

=={{L|Magma sea}}==
The Magma sea is located at the bottom of every map, forming an (almost) impenetrable barrier. They also provide a great source of magma. {{l|Semi-molten rock}} can also be found around the magma sea, and cannot be dug through.

==Magma pools==
Although the name suggests them as pools, they are actually pipes (Unknown why Toady changed the name). They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end just a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some span up to more than 100 z-levels.
Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them.
Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma.

==Volcanoes==
Volcanoes can be found which extend all the way to the surface, but on a standard map they are exceedingly rare. If you want a volcano it is probably best to specify it when creating your world. Volcanoes are an endless source of magma so they will always refill themselves.

==Properties of magma==
Magma behaves the same way as water with the exception of not being affected by {{l|pressure}}, unless pressurized by a {{l|pump}}, and apparently not showing {{l|flow}}. Magma will turn into {{l|obsidian}} if it touches {{l|water}}. In the game, magma's temperature is exactly 2,032°F, or about 1,111°C. This is also 12,000° {{l|Temperature scale|Urist}}. The list of '''{{l|magma-safe}}''' materials has changed considerably in this version.
*Modding information: The rock that is used when magma mixes with water is the first rock encountered to have the [LAVA] tag ''during worldgen''.

==Dangers of magma==
Magma is not immediately fatal when first touched. It is dangerous to stand in magma, but dwarves will generally only suffer minor burns when running from a flow. Most creatures can survive standing on even a completely filled magma tile for a single turn, but any more and they will likely die.

{{Category|Physics}}

v0.31:Flow

2010-07-12T18:36:19Z

Doctorzuber:

{{av}}
{{Quality|Exceptional|19:06, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}}
Reading from the raw files you will find that all water and magma/lava in the game are called flows. This however adds a certain amount of confusion since when you trying to {{l|power}} a {{l|waterwheel}} you also need to know if your flow of water is flowing. For the purpose of clarity water and magma will instead be referred to as '''fluids''', and '''flow''' will be saved for a fluid that is in motion.

'''Flow''' is a game mechanic used to simulate the motion of '''fluids'''. The two fluids that exist in dwarf fortress currently are '''{{l|water}}''' and '''{{l|magma}}'''. You can identify fluids that are flowing by looking for a tile that is blinking between {{Tile|≈|1:0:1}} and {{Tile|~|1:0:1}} tiles. If you have turned on SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS you will see the fluid '''depth''' instead and will not be able to easily tell if the game considers a tile to be flowing or not. Flow is typically present any time a fluid is in motion, but there are some exceptions which confuse things a bit.
*Note: In the current release flow does not seem to appear in magma. Magma does still follow the usual rules of fluid motion, it simply doesn't blink. {{verify}}

==Basic Fluid Motion==
'''{{l|Water}}''' and '''{{l|magma}}''' both move in much the same way following a fairly simple set of rules. The only difference between the motion of {{l|magma}} and water is that magma behaves differently with regards to {{l|pressure}}.

Fluids move mostly as one might expect: Trying to move down and spreading out to the sides until they fill any available area. Fluids can also be under {{l|pressure}}, which allows them to be pushed back up by the weight of fluid in another area. Fluids can move in 10 directions, which are the 8 directions on the same z-level, and directly up or down. Fluids cannot move diagonally up or down. When fluids have a choice of where to move they select a destination randomly.

Here is a quick example of how fluids can move to adjacent tiles. Also as water moves to an adjacent tile flow is generated in both tiles. This flow will remain for a short time before reverting back to being non-flowing water. In the first example of falling water all of the water is removed from the source tile, so flow only appears below where the water has moved to. In the other two examples flow will appear in both tiles.

▒7▒ ▒7▒ ▒
'''Before''' ▒ ▒ ▒2▒ ▒7
▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

▒ ▒ ▒2▒ ▒
'''After''' ▒7▒ ▒7▒ ▒43
▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

*1. Fluids move down
*2. Fluids spread out to the sides

There is however a third rule which greatly complicates everything. And that is fluids moving under {{l|pressure}}. Fluids moving under pressure can both teleport, and be pushed back up to fill tiles above as well as below and to the sides. Also fluids that are teleporting under pressure still only generates flow in the source and destination tiles which counter-intuitively leaves all the tiles it pushed through untouched and not flowing.

==Fluids under pressure aka. Teleportation==
This is an aspect of fluid motion that causes a great deal of confusion. Fluids moving under '''{{l|pressure}}''' do not just move to adjacent tiles, they also trace a path through other full tiles of fluid trying to move to more distant tiles. Fluids moving under {{l|pressure}} can effectively teleport through other tiles that are already filled with fluid. When teleporting, fluids still only generate flow in their source and destination tiles, NOT in any tiles they skipped over to get to their destination. Also fluids that are teleporting will not push objects in tiles they skip over.

▒7▒ ▒ ▒~▒ ▒
'''Before''' ▒7▒ ▒ ▒~▒ ▒
▒777▒ ▒<nowiki>~~~</nowiki>▒
▒▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒
'''After''' ▒7▒7▒ ▒~▒≈▒ ≈ flowing fluid
▒777▒ ▒<nowiki>~~~</nowiki>▒ ~ non-flowing fluid
▒▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

This is a simple u-bend example of how water moves under pressure. However with regards to flow, it does something strange. Notice that flow only occurs in the destination tile here (since the source tile has been removed). The fluids in the bottom of the u-bend are unaffected, and furthermore any objects that happen to be here are not pushed either.

Fluids under pressure still obey the first two rules of fluid mechanics which is to say they try move down first. Failing this they try to fill tiles to the sides. If all possible tiles below and to the sides are filled, a fluid may then move back up. This is our third and final rule of fluid mechanics.

*1. Fluids move down
*2. Fluids spread out to the sides
*3. fluids under pressure may move up

==Natural Flow==
Many water sources such as {{l|river}}s and {{l|brook}}s are constantly flowing with '''natural flow'''. This is different from other flow effects in that it is always considered to be flowing water. This remains true even when the water flows into a complete dead end channel or even when blocked off with a floodgate. Any channels that link up to a naturally flowing source will soon become naturally flowing water as long as they remain on the same z-level. Diagonal steps have no effect on natural flow although they can be used to change {{l|pressure}}.

Trying to move natural flow up or down to a different z-level may have unpredictable results but in most cases this will break the natural flow effect resulting in still water that can only be made to flow by artificial means.

==Fluid Depth==
Fluids can have a depth anywhere from 1 to 7. To see the depth of a tile of fluid you can look at it with {{k|k}} which will reveal the depth in the text at the right. Alternatively you can enable {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} which will replace the {{Tile|≈|1:0:1}} and {{Tile|~|1:0:1}} tiles with a numerical representation of the depth at all times. Turning on {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} does come with the drawback that you will no longer be able to see if a tile is flowing or not.

==Obstructions==
Water can be stopped by most solid tiles. These include {{l|wall}}s and {{l|building}}s as well as closed {{l|floodgate}}s, {{l|door}}s, and {{l|hatch}}es. Exceptions are vertical {{l|grate}}s, vertical {{l|bars}}, and {{l|fortification}}s, which will allow fluids to pass freely.

==Evaporation==
Fluids that remain at a depth of 1/7 for long enough will evaporate. Evaporated fluids are simply removed from the game. In '''hot''' or '''scorching''' environments, {{L|murky pool}}s can evaporate at greater depths.

{{Category|Physics}}

v0.31:Flow

2010-07-12T18:34:13Z

Doctorzuber:

{{av}}
{{Quality|Exceptional|19:06, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}}
Reading from the raw files you will find that all water and magma/lava in the game are called flows. This however adds a certain amount of confusion since when you trying to {{l|power}} a {{l|waterwheel}} you also need to know if your flow of water is flowing. For the purpose of clarity water and magma will instead be referred to as '''fluids''', and '''flow''' will be saved for a fluid that is in motion.

'''Flow''' is a game mechanic used to simulate the motion of '''fluids'''. The two fluids that exist in dwarf fortress currently are '''{{l|water}}''' and '''{{l|magma}}'''. You can identify fluids that are flowing by looking for a tile that is blinking between {{Tile|≈|1:0:1}} and {{Tile|~|1:0:1}} tiles. If you have turned on SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS you will see the fluid '''depth''' instead and will not be able to easily tell if the game considers a tile to be flowing or not. Flow is typically present any time a fluid is in motion, but there are some exceptions which confuse things a bit.
*Note: In the current release flow does not seem to appear in magma. Magma does still follow the usual rules of fluid motion, it simply doesn't blink. {{verify}}

==Basic Fluid Motion==
'''Water''' and '''{{l|magma}}''' both move in much the same way following a fairly simple set of rules. The only difference between the motion of {{l|magma}} and water is that magma behaves differently with regards to {{l|pressure}}.

Fluids move mostly as one might expect: Trying to move down and spreading out to the sides until they fill any available area. Fluids can also be under {{l|pressure}}, which allows them to be pushed back up by the weight of fluid in another area. Fluids can move in 10 directions, which are the 8 directions on the same z-level, and directly up or down. Fluids cannot move diagonally up or down. When fluids have a choice of where to move they select a destination randomly.

Here is a quick example of how fluids can move to adjacent tiles. Also as water moves to an adjacent tile flow is generated in both tiles. This flow will remain for a short time before reverting back to being non-flowing water. In the first example of falling water all of the water is removed from the source tile, so flow only appears below where the water has moved to. In the other two examples flow will appear in both tiles.

▒7▒ ▒7▒ ▒
'''Before''' ▒ ▒ ▒2▒ ▒7
▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

▒ ▒ ▒2▒ ▒
'''After''' ▒7▒ ▒7▒ ▒43
▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

*1. Fluids move down
*2. Fluids spread out to the sides

There is however a third rule which greatly complicates everything. And that is fluids moving under {{l|pressure}}. Fluids moving under pressure can both teleport, and be pushed back up to fill tiles above as well as below and to the sides. Also fluids that are teleporting under pressure still only generates flow in the source and destination tiles which counter-intuitively leaves all the tiles it pushed through untouched and not flowing.

==Fluids under pressure aka. Teleportation==
This is an aspect of fluid motion that causes a great deal of confusion. Fluids moving under '''{{l|pressure}}''' do not just move to adjacent tiles, they also trace a path through other full tiles of fluid trying to move to more distant tiles. Fluids moving under {{l|pressure}} can effectively teleport through other tiles that are already filled with fluid. When teleporting, fluids still only generate flow in their source and destination tiles, NOT in any tiles they skipped over to get to their destination. Also fluids that are teleporting will not push objects in tiles they skip over.

▒7▒ ▒ ▒~▒ ▒
'''Before''' ▒7▒ ▒ ▒~▒ ▒
▒777▒ ▒<nowiki>~~~</nowiki>▒
▒▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒
'''After''' ▒7▒7▒ ▒~▒≈▒ ≈ flowing fluid
▒777▒ ▒<nowiki>~~~</nowiki>▒ ~ non-flowing fluid
▒▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▒

This is a simple u-bend example of how water moves under pressure. However with regards to flow, it does something strange. Notice that flow only occurs in the destination tile here (since the source tile has been removed). The fluids in the bottom of the u-bend are unaffected, and furthermore any objects that happen to be here are not pushed either.

Fluids under pressure still obey the first two rules of fluid mechanics which is to say they try move down first. Failing this they try to fill tiles to the sides. If all possible tiles below and to the sides are filled, a fluid may then move back up. This is our third and final rule of fluid mechanics.

*1. Fluids move down
*2. Fluids spread out to the sides
*3. fluids under pressure may move up

==Natural Flow==
Many water sources such as {{l|river}}s and {{l|brook}}s are constantly flowing with '''natural flow'''. This is different from other flow effects in that it is always considered to be flowing water. This remains true even when the water flows into a complete dead end channel or even when blocked off with a floodgate. Any channels that link up to a naturally flowing source will soon become naturally flowing water as long as they remain on the same z-level. Diagonal steps have no effect on natural flow although they can be used to change {{l|pressure}}.

Trying to move natural flow up or down to a different z-level may have unpredictable results but in most cases this will break the natural flow effect resulting in still water that can only be made to flow by artificial means.

==Fluid Depth==
Fluids can have a depth anywhere from 1 to 7. To see the depth of a tile of fluid you can look at it with {{k|k}} which will reveal the depth in the text at the right. Alternatively you can enable {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} which will replace the {{Tile|≈|1:0:1}} and {{Tile|~|1:0:1}} tiles with a numerical representation of the depth at all times. Turning on {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} does come with the drawback that you will no longer be able to see if a tile is flowing or not.

==Obstructions==
Water can be stopped by most solid tiles. These include {{l|wall}}s and {{l|building}}s as well as closed {{l|floodgate}}s, {{l|door}}s, and {{l|hatch}}es. Exceptions are vertical {{l|grate}}s, vertical {{l|bars}}, and {{l|fortification}}s, which will allow fluids to pass freely.

==Evaporation==
Fluids that remain at a depth of 1/7 for long enough will evaporate. Evaporated fluids are simply removed from the game. In '''hot''' or '''scorching''' environments, {{L|murky pool}}s can evaporate at greater depths.

{{Category|Physics}}

v0.31:Magma

2010-07-06T21:13:01Z

Doctorzuber: Quality Timestamp

{{av}}{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}}
'''Magma''' is a red-hot liquid that wells up from deep within the earth - but not too deep to be found by dwarves. Magma that is above the ground is called '''Lava''' but is still the same exact substance.

Magma serves as an energy source, powering {{L|magma smelter}}s, {{L|magma forge}}s, {{L|magma glass furnace}}s, and {{L|magma kiln}}s. Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to a lot of {{L|fun}}. In the current version magma seems a bit slower to burn things, allowing things to "fall to the bottom" of a magma pipe before finally burning to death. Also workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them and can often scramble to safety as long as they are not fully immersed in 7/7 magma. It's worth noting that magma never seems to blink with {{l|flow}} now either.

The list of materials that are '''{{l|magma-safe}}''' has been expanded considerably in this version. Magma never cools, but can {{L|evaporation|evaporate}} if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms {{L|obsidian}}.

=={{L|Magma sea}}==
The Magma sea is located at the bottom of every map, forming an (almost) impenetrable barrier. They also provide a great source of magma. {{l|Semi-molten rock}} can also be found around the magma sea, and cannot be dug through.

==Magma pools==
Although the name suggests them as pools, they are actually pipes (Unknown why Toady changed the name). They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end just a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some span up to more than 100 z-levels.
Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them.
Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma.

==Volcanoes==
Volcanoes can be found which extend all the way to the surface, but on a standard map they are exceedingly rare. If you want a volcano it is probably best to specify it when creating your world.

==Properties of magma==
Magma behaves the same way as water with the exception of not being affected by {{l|pressure}}, unless pressurized by a {{l|pump}}, and apparently not showing {{l|flow}}. Magma will turn into {{l|obsidian}} if it touches {{l|water}}. In the game, magma's temperature is exactly 2,032°F, or about 1,111°C. This is also 12,000° {{l|Temperature scale|Urist}}. The list of '''{{l|magma-safe}}''' materials has changed considerably in this version.
*Modding information: The rock that is used when magma mixes with water is the first rock encountered to have the [LAVA] tag ''during worldgen''.

==Dangers of magma==
Magma is not immediately fatal when first touched. It is dangerous to stand in magma, but dwarves will generally only suffer minor burns when running from a flow. Most creatures can survive standing on even a completely filled magma tile for a single turn, but any more and they will likely die.

{{Category|Physics}}

2010-07-06T17:12:55Z

Doctorzuber:

{{av}}
{{Quality|Exceptional}}
Reading from the raw files you will find that all water and magma/lava in the game are called flows. This however adds a certain amount of confusion since when you trying to {{l|power}} a {{l|waterwheel}} you also need to know if your flow of water is flowing. For the purpose of clarity water and magma will instead be referred to as '''fluids''', and '''flow''' will be saved for a fluid that is in motion.

'''Flow''' is a game mechanic used to simulate the motion of '''fluids'''. The two fluids that exist in dwarf fortress currently are '''{{l|water}}''' and '''{{l|magma}}'''. You can identify fluids that are flowing by looking for a tile that is blinking between {{Tile|≈|#008|#999}} and {{Tile|~|#008|#999}} tiles. If you have turned on SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS you will see the fluid '''depth''' instead and will not be able to easily tell if the game considers a tile to be flowing or not. Flow is typically present any time a fluid is in motion, but there are some exceptions which confuse things a bit.
*Note: In the current release flow does not seem to appear in magma. {{verify}}

=Fluid Depth=
Fluids can have a depth anywhere from 1 to 7. To see the depth of a tile of fluid you can look at it with {{k|k}} which will reveal the depth in the text at the right. Alternatively you can enable {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} which will replace the {{Tile|≈|#008|#999}} and {{Tile|~|#008|#999}} tiles with a numerical representation of the depth at all times. Turning on {{l|Technical_tricks#The_look_of_the_game|SHOW_FLOW_AMOUNTS}} does come with the drawback that you will no longer be able to see if a tile is flowing or not.

=Fluid Motion=
'''Water''' and '''{{l|magma}}''' both move in much the same way following a fairly simple set of rules. The only difference between the motion of {{l|magma}} and water is that magma behaves differently with regards to {{l|pressure}}.

Fluids move mostly as one might expect: Trying to move down and spreading out to the sides until they fill any available area. Fluids can also be under {{l|pressure}}, which allows them to be pushed back up by the weight of fluid in another area. Fluids can move in 10 directions, which are the 8 directions on the same z-level, and directly up or down. Fluids cannot move diagonally up or down. When fluids have a choice of where to move they select a destination randomly.

Fluid motion follows a fairly simple set of rules. First fluids try to move down into the tile directly below them. If there is available open space below it will be filled very quickly. Fluids always try to move down before attempting to move in other directions.

If there is a floor below or if all space below is already filled with fluid, than any fluid at a depth of 2/7 or greater will instead flow to one of the 8 adjacent side tiles. Fluid at a depth of 1/7 can only move down and will not attempt to move to the side.

The last potential direction for a fluid to move is up, which can only occur if a fluid is under {{l|pressure}}. Any time fluids move they will generate flow. This flow is found in the tile they moved from (if any fluid remains) as well as the tile they move to. This flow will remain for a short time.

*Fluids move down
*Fluids move to the sides
*Pressurized fluids may move up

=Fluid Teleportation=
This is an aspect of fluid motion that causes a great deal of confusion. Fluids do not just move to adjacent tiles, they also trace a path through other full tiles of fluid trying to move to more distant tiles. Fluid teleportation can occur at any of the three steps of fluid motion. When fluids move by teleportation flow is not created in the tiles that water skips past only in the actual source and destination tiles which can create a number of situations where flow does not appear contrary to expectations.

=Natural Flow=
Many water sources such as {{l|river|rivers}} and {{l|brook|brooks}} are constantly flowing with '''natural flow'''. This is different from other flow effects in that it is always considered to be flowing water. This remains true even when the water flows into a complete dead end channel or even when blocked off with a floodgate. Any channels that link up to a naturally flowing source will soon become naturally flowing water as long as they remain on the same z-level. Diagonal steps have no effect on natural flow although they can be used to change {{l|pressure}}.

Trying to move natural flow up or down to a different z-level may have unpredictable results but in most cases this will break the natural flow effect resulting in still water that can only be made to flow by artificial means.

=Obstructions=
Water can be stopped by most solid tiles. These include {{l|wall|walls}} and {{l|building|buildings}} as well as closed {{l|floodgate|floodgates}}, {{l|door|doors}}, and {{l|hatch|hatches}}. Exceptions are {{l|grate|grates}}, {{l|bars|bars}} and {{l|fortification|fortifications}} which will allow fluids to pass freely.

=Evaporation=
Fluids that remain at a depth of 1/7 for long enough will evaporate. Evaporated fluids are simply removed from the game. In '''hot''' or '''scorching''' environments murky pools can evaporate at greater depths.

{{Category|Physics}}