Dwarf Fortress Wiki - User contributions [en]

Stone

2017-07-17T21:35:16Z

Leoboiko: use pure muscovite as illustration, rather than muscovite-almandine

{{quality|exceptional}}{{av}}

:''(This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s. For that, as well a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]])''
:''(For a list of stone sorted by tile see [[Tilesets#Stones]])''

An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined.

Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
* [[Ore]]: stones that produces [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures. ([[Obsidian]] is one exception).

[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].

Having created loose stone, many times you'll want to get rid of it or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.

If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].

== Main layer types ==
{{main|Stone layers}}

There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.

The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.

The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)

== Stones forming entire layers ==
These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below). 
{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
|-valign="top"
|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
* {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|=|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]

|}
:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]

== Other Stone ==
Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[Olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.

Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''

''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
! Icons
! Name
! Found in
! [[Fire-safe]]
! [[Magma-safe]]

|-
|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|}
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles

== By Color ==
For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.

{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
!width="90"| Color
!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
!width="25%"| Economic
! Ore
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
|
|[[Bismuthinite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
|
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
|[[Gypsum]]
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
|[[Bauxite]]
|[[Kaolinite]]
|[[Hematite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
|
|[[Malachite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
|
|
|[[Garnierite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
|colspan="3"| None
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
|[[Microcline]]
|
|[[Raw adamantine]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
|[[Cobaltite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
|[[Kimberlite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
|colspan="3"| None
|}

{{Translation
| dwarven = lam
| elvish = queca
| goblin = ngomstu
| human = ado
}}

== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==

The geology and stones of Dwarf Fortress are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help. Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers, with links to the relevant game-specific pages.

In geological terminology, a rock or stone is basically a composite of minerals. Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure. For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure. Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others). The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for Dwarf Fortress; just like in everyday language, they're all just "stones". Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material; such rocks include [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Museo de La Plata - Cuarcita.jpg|thumb|Quartzite stone, made mostly of quartz mineral.]]
| [[File:Dark Mica from Eastern Ontario.jpg|thumb|Mica, a mineral.]]
| [[File:GRANIT KANTSTEIN.jpg|thumb|Granite stone. The whitest grains are [[rock crystal|quartz crystals]], while the dark ones are [[mica]].]]
| [[File:Coal bituminous.jpg|thumb|Bituminous coal.]]
| [[File:Xenocrinus baeri fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone (Whitewater Formation, Upper Ordovician; northeastern Warren County, southwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (15115228788).jpg|thumb|Limestone, this one still with skeletons.]]
|}

The three minerals seen in [[granite]] are also among the most common:

* '''Feldspar''', meaning something like "field-stone", is actually a general name for an entire family of minerals, all of them based on aluminum and silicon. Their appearance varies, but they tends toward light greyish colors, and make up a lot of your typical light stone. Feldspar doesn't exist independently in the DF world; but, among the in-game stones, [[microcline]] and [[orthoclase]] are flavors of feldspar, and countless other DF stones would include feldspar in real life. A stone with a lot of feldspars and silicon is said to be '''felsic'''; granite and [[rhyolite]] are in-game examples.
* '''Quartz''', meaning "hard", easily makes big showy crystals; it's transparent if [[Rock crystal|pure]], but if the SiO₂ is combined with trace amounts of other elements (often metals like iron and manganese), it can get colored [[Rose quartz|pink]], purple ([[amethyst]]), yellow ([[citrine]]), and so on. If bubbly with air, quartz may become [[Milk quartz|milky]]; if irradiated, it may get [[Smoky quartz|smoky]].
* '''Micas''', like quartz, have silicon atoms crystalline structures. The difference is that they're organized in sheet-like, gleaming surfaces, held together by weaker bonds of other elements; this makes micas soft and flaky (the word means "grainy"). The color varies. The in-game stone [[mica]] is stated to be muscovite, which is a light variety (but the game color is dark gray, like coal; this may be a mistake). Other micas can be dark.

Other minerals that exist independently in DF include green [[olivine]] (yes, it's named after olives) and black [[hornblende]], which is similar to dark mica but forms needlelike crystals. Dark minerals like these often include magnesium and iron (Fe); stones rich in them are then termed '''mafic''' (in contrast with "felsic"). In-game mafic stones include [[basalt]] and [[gabbro]].

On the white side, [[calcite]] is a mineral based on calcium, the same stuff as bones. It forms crystals, and occurs in DF as an unremarkable white stone. Calcite is a main component of [[limestone]] and [[chalk]]—which in turn can become [[marble]]; it's often formed from the accumulated remains of ancient marine animals (for a memorable use of chalk stone layers in high fantasy, check out Terry Pratchett's novel ''The Wee Free Men'' and its sequels). The most well-known marine mineral is surely table salt, present in DF as [[rock salt]]. It's formed when saltwater evaporates; another evaporative mineral, or "evaporite", is [[gypsum]], which, in DF as in real life, can be used to make [[Gypsum plaster|plaster casts]]

<gallery>
Perthitic feldspar Dan Patch SD.jpg|Feldspars, the most common minerals, are often light-colored and "stony".
File:Muscovite-121758.jpg|[[Mica]] is a flaky, crumbly and sheet-like mineral. This is the lighter flavor "muscovite", present in DF.
File:Columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg|[[Basalt]] is a mafic rock; that is, it includes magnesium (ma-) and iron (-fic), giving it a dark color. It's made from cooled [[Magma|lava]], and makes the larger part of the ocean floor in real life.
File:Mineral Olivino GDFL046.jpg|The dark green mafic mineral [[olivine]] is a component of many basalts.
File:Cristales cueva de Naica.JPG|A large cluster of [[gypsum]] crystals (human for scale).
</gallery>

Rocks can be classified by their creation processes, which makes them settle down in distinct [[stone layers]], and possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]]. DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details.

An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal. Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]]. To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone. A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and
[[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Sphalerite-43245.jpg|thumb|Sphalerite, an ore of zinc.]]
| [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|Zinc metal.]]
| [[File:Zlato 2.jpg|thumb|Native gold in rock.]]
|}

A [[gem]] is a mineral (or rock, or rock-like material) with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and/or rare. This depends not just on what's the mineral made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.

{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|thumb|[[Rose quartz]] is made of the same basic quartz as quartzite (above), but its atoms are ordered into neatly arranged pyramid shapes, resulting in a shiny, transparent, faceted material.]]
| [[File:Rose quartz drops.jpg|thumb|After being [[Gem cutting|cut]] by an [[Gem cutter|expert craftsdwarf]], the hidden beauty of the rough gem is revealed. ]]
|}

{{DF2014 stones}}

{{Category|Stone|*}}
{{Category|Materials}}

Stone

2017-07-17T21:24:06Z

Leoboiko: more on DF minerals and real-life

{{quality|exceptional}}{{av}}

:''(This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s. For that, as well a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]])''
:''(For a list of stone sorted by tile see [[Tilesets#Stones]])''

An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined.

Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
* [[Ore]]: stones that produces [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures. ([[Obsidian]] is one exception).

[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].

Having created loose stone, many times you'll want to get rid of it or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.

If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].

== Main layer types ==
{{main|Stone layers}}

There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.

The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.

The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)

== Stones forming entire layers ==
These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below). 
{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
|-valign="top"
|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
* {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|=|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]

|}
:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]

== Other Stone ==
Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[Olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.

Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''

''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
! Icons
! Name
! Found in
! [[Fire-safe]]
! [[Magma-safe]]

|-
|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|}
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles

== By Color ==
For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.

{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
!width="90"| Color
!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
!width="25%"| Economic
! Ore
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
|
|[[Bismuthinite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
|
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
|[[Gypsum]]
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
|[[Bauxite]]
|[[Kaolinite]]
|[[Hematite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
|
|[[Malachite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
|
|
|[[Garnierite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
|colspan="3"| None
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
|[[Microcline]]
|
|[[Raw adamantine]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
|[[Cobaltite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
|[[Kimberlite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
|colspan="3"| None
|}

{{Translation
| dwarven = lam
| elvish = queca
| goblin = ngomstu
| human = ado
}}

== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==

The geology and stones of Dwarf Fortress are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help. Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers, with links to the relevant game-specific pages.

In geological terminology, a rock or stone is basically a composite of minerals. Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure. For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure. Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others). The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for Dwarf Fortress; just like in everyday language, they're all just "stones". Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material; such rocks include [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Museo de La Plata - Cuarcita.jpg|thumb|Quartzite stone, made mostly of quartz mineral.]]
| [[File:Dark Mica from Eastern Ontario.jpg|thumb|Mica, a mineral.]]
| [[File:GRANIT KANTSTEIN.jpg|thumb|Granite stone. The whitest grains are [[rock crystal|quartz crystals]], while the dark ones are [[mica]].]]
| [[File:Coal bituminous.jpg|thumb|Bituminous coal.]]
| [[File:Xenocrinus baeri fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone (Whitewater Formation, Upper Ordovician; northeastern Warren County, southwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (15115228788).jpg|thumb|Limestone, this one still with skeletons.]]
|}

The three minerals seen in [[granite]] are also among the most common:

* '''Feldspar''', meaning something like "field-stone", is actually a general name for an entire family of minerals, all of them based on aluminum and silicon. Their appearance varies, but they tends toward light greyish colors, and make up a lot of your typical light stone. Feldspar doesn't exist independently in the DF world; but, among the in-game stones, [[microcline]] and [[orthoclase]] are flavors of feldspar, and countless other DF stones would include feldspar in real life. A stone with a lot of feldspars and silicon is said to be '''felsic'''; granite and [[rhyolite]] are in-game examples.
* '''Quartz''', meaning "hard", easily makes big showy crystals; it's transparent if [[Rock crystal|pure]], but if the SiO₂ is combined with trace amounts of other elements (often metals like iron and manganese), it can get colored [[Rose quartz|pink]], purple ([[amethyst]]), yellow ([[citrine]]), and so on. If bubbly with air, quartz may become [[Milk quartz|milky]]; if irradiated, it may get [[Smoky quartz|smoky]].
* '''Micas''', like quartz, have silicon atoms crystalline structures. The difference is that they're organized in sheet-like, gleaming surfaces, held together by weaker bonds of other elements; this makes micas soft and flaky (the word means "grainy"). The color varies. The in-game stone [[mica]] is stated to be muscovite, which is a light variety (but the game color is dark gray, like coal; this may be a mistake). Other micas can be dark.

Other minerals that exist independently in DF include green [[olivine]] (yes, it's named after olives) and black [[hornblende]], which is similar to dark mica but forms needlelike crystals. Dark minerals like these often include magnesium and iron (Fe); stones rich in them are then termed '''mafic''' (in contrast with "felsic"). In-game mafic stones include [[basalt]] and [[gabbro]].

On the white side, [[calcite]] is a mineral based on calcium, the same stuff as bones. It forms crystals, and occurs in DF as an unremarkable white stone. Calcite is a main component of [[limestone]] and [[chalk]]—which in turn can become [[marble]]; it's often formed from the accumulated remains of ancient marine animals (for a memorable use of chalk stone layers in high fantasy, check out Terry Pratchett's novel ''The Wee Free Men'' and its sequels). The most well-known marine mineral is surely table salt, present in DF as [[rock salt]]. It's formed when saltwater evaporates; another evaporative mineral, or "evaporite", is [[gypsum]], which, in DF as in real life, can be used to make [[Gypsum plaster|plaster casts]]

<gallery>
Perthitic feldspar Dan Patch SD.jpg|Feldspars, the most common minerals, are often light-colored and "stony".
File:Muscovite-Almandine-188163.jpg|[[Mica]] is a flaky, crumbly and sheet-like mineral. This is the lighter flavor "muscovite", present in DF.
File:Columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg|[[Basalt]] is a mafic rock; that is, it includes magnesium (ma-) and iron (-fic), giving it a dark color. It's made from cooled [[Magma|lava]], and makes the larger part of the ocean floor in real life.
File:Mineral Olivino GDFL046.jpg|The dark green mafic mineral [[olivine]] is a component of many basalts.
File:Cristales cueva de Naica.JPG|A large cluster of [[gypsum]] crystals (human for scale).
</gallery>

Rocks can be classified by their creation processes, which makes them settle down in distinct [[stone layers]], and possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]]. DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details.

An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal. Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]]. To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone. A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and
[[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Sphalerite-43245.jpg|thumb|Sphalerite, an ore of zinc.]]
| [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|Zinc metal.]]
| [[File:Zlato 2.jpg|thumb|Native gold in rock.]]
|}

A [[gem]] is a mineral (or rock, or rock-like material) with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and/or rare. This depends not just on what's the mineral made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.

{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|thumb|[[Rose quartz]] is made of the same basic quartz as quartzite (above), but its atoms are ordered into neatly arranged pyramid shapes, resulting in a shiny, transparent, faceted material.]]
| [[File:Rose quartz drops.jpg|thumb|After being [[Gem cutting|cut]] by an [[Gem cutter|expert craftsdwarf]], the hidden beauty of the rough gem is revealed. ]]
|}

{{DF2014 stones}}

{{Category|Stone|*}}
{{Category|Materials}}

Stone layers

2017-07-11T22:38:30Z

Leoboiko: link to sand, silt, clay

{{Quality|Superior|16:43, 16 December 2014 (UTC)}}
{{av}}

There are four types of '''stone layers''' in Dwarf Fortress, very much based on real life geology ([[#In real life|see below]]). [[Stone]] layers are roughly homogeneous layers of rock that are composed of the same kind of stone, and usually contain different ores. Each stone layer has its distinct markers and qualities; sometimes a clear dividing line can be drawn between two [[biome]]s from the stone layers underneath, sometimes not. Digging deeper or digging into another local biome will reveal differences between contents and a progression from sedimentary down to igneous.

These changes are usually quite sharp; fifteen layers may be mostly [[quartzite]], but the next thirty layers may be dominated by [[gabbro]]. Three dimensional variance is planned for the future, but for now, changes between stone layers also mark changes in [[ore]] and [[gem]] content.

== Soil ==
{{main|Soil}}
Most maps have one or a few layers of [[soil]] at the very top, although this layer may be completely non-existent or ten or more layers deep as well. Note that on mountainous terrain, soil tends to accumulate near edges; thus you can have partial soil "layers" down the side of the mountain for quite a few z-levels.

Soil is important for three reasons: it is easily [[farming|farmed]] (not requiring [[irrigation]] like stone does), it is easily [[miner|mined]] (taking less time than stone), and it does not leave any loose [[stone]] behind when mined. Soil layers can contain [[clay]] and [[sand]], if your biome has any, as well as a high chance of being an [[aquifer]], if your biome has one. Soil layers do not contain ores or gems. At least one layer of soil is necessary to easily establish farming. It is ''not'' recommended you establish your main fortress in soil, as it cannot be [[smoothing|smoothed]] or [[engraving|engraved]] to make it visually appealing/more valuable.

== Sedimentary ==
{{main|Sedimentary layer}}
The [[sedimentary layer]] has an 80% chance of being the first stone layer that appears after any soil. It will include any [[lignite]] or [[bituminous coal]], if you are lucky enough to have some. [[Iron]] [[ore]] and all but one of the [[flux]]es is common here as well, making the sedimentary layer make-or-break for [[steel]] production. Note that this layer and the igneous extrusive are mutually exclusive, and will never be found in one place. Sedimentary layers are generally where the bulwark of the fortress will find itself, will contain most of the ores marked on the [[embark]] screen as "shallow metals", and is a good choice for [[exploratory mining]]. Note, however, that it is poor in [[gem]] content - those found in sedimentary layers are generally less valuable than those further down. Some types of sedimentary rock may contain an aquifer.

Common stone types: [[sandstone]], [[limestone]], [[shale]]

== Igneous extrusive ==
{{main|Igneous extrusive layer}}

In certain regions igneous extrusive layers replace sedimentary layers as the top-most layer of stone. Besides being made of different rocks, they are generally very similar to sedimentary layers, with the exception being that they often indicate the presence of [[magma]] above the [[magma sea]] itself. This is always the top-most layer near [[volcano]]es; the biggest stumbling block is that its presence means that the biome ''very'' rarely contains any flux.

Common stone types: [[basalt]], [[rhyolite]]

== Metamorphic ==
{{main|Metamorphic layer}}

Contains a small variety of [[vein]] ores, as well as [[marble]], the one non-sedimentary flux. Metamorphic layers generally contain moderately valuable gems, and if the sedimentary layer (or and especially igneous extrusive layer) above contains no flux stone, it is a useful early target for exploration in the hopes of finding flux. It does lack weapon-quality [[ore]]s (containing only [[copper]] and [[silver]]).

Common stone types: [[schist]], [[gneiss]]

== Igneous intrusive ==
{{main|Igneous intrusive layer}}

This is the deepest and often widest level, and leads directly into the [[magma]] sea. Gems here are generally the most valuable, on average. The most valuable of them all, colored diamonds, are found within [[faint yellow diamond]]s within [[kimberlite]] within [[gabbro]] layers.

Common stone types: [[granite]], [[gabbro]]

== In real life ==

Being modeled on basic geology, much of the way stone layers work in Dwarf Fortress also applies to our planet. At the surface of the world there's a thin covering of [[soil]], a soft mixture of minerals (the building blocks of stones), small rocks ([[sand]], [[silt]], [[clay]] etc.), liquids, living things and so on. Below that there's a [[sedimentary layer]] of stones; these are made of particles of minerals, organic detritus and other stuff, which, after tumbling around, end up settling down below ("sedimenting"). Those grains and particles are then glued together into new rocks ("cemented") by various process; for example, by mineral growth of substances carried by water (similar to how stalactites grow).

Below the sedimentary layer the rocks are subjected to heat from below, and pressure, stretching etc. from the movement of continental plates. Those forces transform them into different kinds of rocks, called [[Metamorphic layer|metamorphic]].

Further down, as things get hotter still, rocks melt into [[magma]]. If magma escapes the heat, it may cool and harden while still underground, forming the [[igneous intrusive]] ("fiery [[inside]]") rocks. In DF these form a layer below the metamorphic stones, but in real life they may form anywhere there are cracks for the magma to fill in. If the magma rises all the way up to the surface and is expelled by a [[volcano]], we call it lava. The lava cools down into [[igneous extrusive]] ("fiery [[outside]]") layers, which in DF replace the sedimentary layers in some [[biome|biomes]] near volcanoes.

{{Category|Stone Layers|*}}

Stone layers

2017-07-11T22:34:35Z

Leoboiko: IRL section

{{Quality|Superior|16:43, 16 December 2014 (UTC)}}
{{av}}

There are four types of '''stone layers''' in Dwarf Fortress, very much based on real life geology ([[#In real life|see below]]). [[Stone]] layers are roughly homogeneous layers of rock that are composed of the same kind of stone, and usually contain different ores. Each stone layer has its distinct markers and qualities; sometimes a clear dividing line can be drawn between two [[biome]]s from the stone layers underneath, sometimes not. Digging deeper or digging into another local biome will reveal differences between contents and a progression from sedimentary down to igneous.

These changes are usually quite sharp; fifteen layers may be mostly [[quartzite]], but the next thirty layers may be dominated by [[gabbro]]. Three dimensional variance is planned for the future, but for now, changes between stone layers also mark changes in [[ore]] and [[gem]] content.

== Soil ==
{{main|Soil}}
Most maps have one or a few layers of [[soil]] at the very top, although this layer may be completely non-existent or ten or more layers deep as well. Note that on mountainous terrain, soil tends to accumulate near edges; thus you can have partial soil "layers" down the side of the mountain for quite a few z-levels.

Soil is important for three reasons: it is easily [[farming|farmed]] (not requiring [[irrigation]] like stone does), it is easily [[miner|mined]] (taking less time than stone), and it does not leave any loose [[stone]] behind when mined. Soil layers can contain [[clay]] and [[sand]], if your biome has any, as well as a high chance of being an [[aquifer]], if your biome has one. Soil layers do not contain ores or gems. At least one layer of soil is necessary to easily establish farming. It is ''not'' recommended you establish your main fortress in soil, as it cannot be [[smoothing|smoothed]] or [[engraving|engraved]] to make it visually appealing/more valuable.

== Sedimentary ==
{{main|Sedimentary layer}}
The [[sedimentary layer]] has an 80% chance of being the first stone layer that appears after any soil. It will include any [[lignite]] or [[bituminous coal]], if you are lucky enough to have some. [[Iron]] [[ore]] and all but one of the [[flux]]es is common here as well, making the sedimentary layer make-or-break for [[steel]] production. Note that this layer and the igneous extrusive are mutually exclusive, and will never be found in one place. Sedimentary layers are generally where the bulwark of the fortress will find itself, will contain most of the ores marked on the [[embark]] screen as "shallow metals", and is a good choice for [[exploratory mining]]. Note, however, that it is poor in [[gem]] content - those found in sedimentary layers are generally less valuable than those further down. Some types of sedimentary rock may contain an aquifer.

Common stone types: [[sandstone]], [[limestone]], [[shale]]

== Igneous extrusive ==
{{main|Igneous extrusive layer}}

In certain regions igneous extrusive layers replace sedimentary layers as the top-most layer of stone. Besides being made of different rocks, they are generally very similar to sedimentary layers, with the exception being that they often indicate the presence of [[magma]] above the [[magma sea]] itself. This is always the top-most layer near [[volcano]]es; the biggest stumbling block is that its presence means that the biome ''very'' rarely contains any flux.

Common stone types: [[basalt]], [[rhyolite]]

== Metamorphic ==
{{main|Metamorphic layer}}

Contains a small variety of [[vein]] ores, as well as [[marble]], the one non-sedimentary flux. Metamorphic layers generally contain moderately valuable gems, and if the sedimentary layer (or and especially igneous extrusive layer) above contains no flux stone, it is a useful early target for exploration in the hopes of finding flux. It does lack weapon-quality [[ore]]s (containing only [[copper]] and [[silver]]).

Common stone types: [[schist]], [[gneiss]]

== Igneous intrusive ==
{{main|Igneous intrusive layer}}

This is the deepest and often widest level, and leads directly into the [[magma]] sea. Gems here are generally the most valuable, on average. The most valuable of them all, colored diamonds, are found within [[faint yellow diamond]]s within [[kimberlite]] within [[gabbro]] layers.

Common stone types: [[granite]], [[gabbro]]

== In real life ==

Being modeled on basic geology, much of the way stone layers work in Dwarf Fortress also applies to our planet. At the surface of the world there's a thin covering of [[soil]], a soft mixture of minerals (the building blocks of stones), small rocks (sand, gravel etc.), liquids, living things and so on. Below that there's a [[sedimentary layer]] of stones; these are made of particles of minerals, organic detritus and other stuff, which, after tumbling around, end up settling down below ("sedimenting"). Those grains and particles are then glued together into new rocks ("cemented") by various process; for example, by mineral growth of substances carried by water (similar to how stalactites grow).

Below the sedimentary layer the rocks are subjected to heat from below, and pressure, stretching etc. from the movement of continental plates. Those forces transform them into different kinds of rocks, called [[Metamorphic layer|metamorphic]].

Further down, as things get hotter still, rocks melt into [[magma]]. If magma escapes the heat, it may cool and harden still below the earth, forming the [[igneous intrusive]] ("fiery [[inside]]") rocks. In DF these form a layer below the metamorphic stones, but in real life they may form anywhere there's cracks for the magma to fill in. If the magma rises all the way up to the surface and is expelled by a [[volcano]], we call it lava. The lava cools down into [[igneous extrusive]] ("fiery [[outside]]") layers, which in DF replace the sedimentary layers in some [[biome|biomes]].

{{Category|Stone Layers|*}}

Stone

2017-07-11T22:17:59Z

Leoboiko: gems are usually minerals, not rocks

{{quality|exceptional}}{{av}}

:''(This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s. For that, as well a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]])''
:''(For a list of stone sorted by tile see [[Tilesets#Stones]])''

An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined.

Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
* [[Ore]]: stones that produces [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures. ([[Obsidian]] is one exception).

[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].

Having created loose stone, many times you'll want to get rid of it or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.

If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].

== Main layer types ==
{{main|Stone layers}}

There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.

The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.

The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)

== Stones forming entire layers ==
These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below). 
{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
|-valign="top"
|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
* {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|=|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]

|}
:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]

== Other Stone ==
Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[Olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.

Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''

''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
! Icons
! Name
! Found in
! [[Fire-safe]]
! [[Magma-safe]]

|-
|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|}
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles

== By Color ==
For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.

{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
!width="90"| Color
!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
!width="25%"| Economic
! Ore
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
|
|[[Bismuthinite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
|
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
|[[Gypsum]]
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
|[[Bauxite]]
|[[Kaolinite]]
|[[Hematite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
|
|[[Malachite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
|
|
|[[Garnierite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
|colspan="3"| None
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
|[[Microcline]]
|
|[[Raw adamantine]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
|[[Cobaltite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
|[[Kimberlite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
|colspan="3"| None
|}

{{Translation
| dwarven = lam
| elvish = queca
| goblin = ngomstu
| human = ado
}}

== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==

The geology and stones of Dwarf Fortress are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help. Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers, with links to the relevant game-specific pages.

In geological terminology, a rock or stone is basically a composite of minerals. Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure. For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure. Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others). The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for Dwarf Fortress; just like in everyday language, they're all just "stones". Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material; such rocks include [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Museo de La Plata - Cuarcita.jpg|thumb|Quartzite stone, made mostly of quartz mineral.]]
| [[File:Dark Mica from Eastern Ontario.jpg|thumb|Mica, a mineral.]]
| [[File:GRANIT KANTSTEIN.jpg|thumb|Granite stone. The whitest grains are [[rock crystal|quartz crystals]], while the dark ones are [[mica]].]]
| [[File:Coal bituminous.jpg|thumb|Bituminous coal.]]
| [[File:Xenocrinus baeri fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone (Whitewater Formation, Upper Ordovician; northeastern Warren County, southwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (15115228788).jpg|thumb|Limestone, this one still with skeletons.]]
|}

Rocks are classified by their creation processes, which also results in them settling down on [[stone layers]], possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]]. DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details.

An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal. Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]]. To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone. A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and
[[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Sphalerite-43245.jpg|thumb|Sphalerite, an ore of zinc.]]
| [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|Zinc metal.]]
| [[File:Zlato 2.jpg|thumb|Native gold in rock.]]
|}

A [[gem]] is a mineral (or rock, or rock-like material) with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and/or rare. This depends not just on what's the mineral made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.

{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|thumb|[[Rose quartz]] is made of the same basic quartz as quartzite (above), but its atoms are ordered into neatly arranged pyramid shapes, resulting in a shiny, transparent, faceted material.]]
| [[File:Rose quartz drops.jpg|thumb|After being [[Gem cutting|cut]] by an [[Gem cutter|expert craftsdwarv]], the hidden beauty of the rough gem is revealed. ]]
|}

{{DF2014 stones}}

{{Category|Stone|*}}
{{Category|Materials}}

Gem

2017-07-11T22:15:11Z

Leoboiko: fix link

{{Quality|Exceptional|18:34, 30 December 2014 (UTC)}}
{{av}}

Small clusters of rough '''gems''' can be found almost anywhere while [[mining]]. After they have been mined by a [[miner]] and cut by a [[gem cutter]], a [[gem setter]] can use them to [[encrust]] [[furniture]], [[crafts]], and [[ammunition]]. In addition, raw [[rock crystal]]s are required to make crystal glass goods. '''Cut gems''' can also be used to create [[window]]s and are often required as a source material for [[legendary artifact]]s. Gem encrusted [[weapon]]s and [[armor]] can be found in game, but cannot be made in fortress mode. Stones, including the various types of clay, can also be cut into gems.

A large variety of cut gems can be brought by and requested from the dwarven caravan. You cannot import rough gems with the exception of raw [[glass]], which human and dwarven caravans can bring.

Exactly 5% of all rough gems will be cut into a single [[Useless_crap|craft]] or '''large gem''' (with 1 craft for every 8 large gems), and the same occurs with raw glass (but with different ratios - 33% of all jobs, producing 11 crafts for every 16 large gems). Note that these will ''replace'' a cut gem and cannot be used to encrust goods. The value of such crafts can easily reach hundreds, even several thousand in the case of valuable gems and good craftsdwarfship. A dwarf with a [[strange mood]] can take a single gem and cut it into a [[legendary artifact]] known as a "perfect gem" - this is simply a special name for an artifact large gem.

If you have any bags of sand, you can also manufacture [[Glass|raw glass]], which is the same as a lower-value, uncut gem.

[[Gizzard stone]]s are found as a by-product when butchering some animals, and can be used like cut gems. Only few animal species give gizzard stones, but each member of such a species butchered will yield one, which can lead to a decent supply when you manage to set up an [[ostrich]] or [[elk bird]] farm.

A killed [[amethyst man]] will drop a rough amethyst, but amethyst men are fairly rare.

As of 43.03, you can direct your dwarves to cut [[shell]], [[horn]] and [[teeth|ivory]] into a '''large gem'''. This can be done at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]].

== Value ==
Gems have base [[value]] of 3 in rough form, which is multiplied by the appropriate value modifier from the table below. They gain value after they are cut in a [[jeweler's workshop]]. Cut gems have a base value of 5. Items can be decorated (encrusted) with cut gems; all such decorations have a value of 10 times the gem type's value multiplier. See [[Gem cutting]] and [[Gem setting]]. Large gems have a base value of 10, and can also have a [[quality]] modifier which increases value.

To give an example, a rough green zircon will be worth (3x20=) 60☼, a cut green zircon (5x20=) 100☼ and a masterwork large green zircon (10x20x12=) 2400☼.

== Varieties ==
Gems come in many varieties, with their own color and value multipliers:
{{Gem table head|class=wikitable|class=sortable}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[green glass]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[clear glass]]|value=5|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|3:0}}3:0|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[crystal glass]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[amber opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[aventurine]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[banded agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[bloodstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[blue jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[bone opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[brown jasper]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[carnelian]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[cherry opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[chrysocolla]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Malachite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[chrysoprase]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[citrine]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[clear tourmaline]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[dendritic agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[fire agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[fortification agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[gold opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[gray chalcedony]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[jasper opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lace agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lapis lazuli]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Igneous intrusive]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lavender jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[milk opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[milk quartz]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moonstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[morion]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moss agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moss opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[onyx opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[onyx]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[picture jasper]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pineapple opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pink jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pipe opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[plume agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[prase opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[prase]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pyrite]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[resin opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[rock crystal]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[rose quartz]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sardonyx]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sard]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[schorl]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[shell opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[smoky quartz]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sunstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Basalt]], [[Gneiss]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tiger iron]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tigereye]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tube agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[turquoise]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Igneous extrusive]], [[Kaolinite]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[variscite]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[wax opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[white chalcedony]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[white jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[wood opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[yellow jasper]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[alexandrite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[almandine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[amethyst]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[aquamarine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[bandfire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black opal]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black pyrope]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[blue garnet]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[brown zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[cat's eye]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[chrysoberyl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[cinnamon grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[claro opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[clear garnet]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[clear zircon]]|value=25|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[crystal opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[demantoid]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Chromite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[fire opal]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[golden beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[goshenite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green jade]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green tourmaline]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[harlequin opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[heliodor]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[honey yellow beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[indigo tourmaline]]|value=25|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[jelly opal]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[kunzite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[levin opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[light yellow diamond]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[melanite]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[morganite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[peridot]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pinfire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pink garnet]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pink tourmaline]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[precious fire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[purple spinel]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red flash opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red pyrope]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red spinel]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red tourmaline]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[rhodolite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[rubicelle]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[tanzanite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[topazolite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[topaz]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[tsavorite]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[violet spessartine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[white opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow spessartine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[emerald]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[faint yellow diamond]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[ruby]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[sapphire]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[black diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[blue diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[clear diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[green diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[red diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[star ruby]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Ruby]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[star sapphire]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Sapphire]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[yellow diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}

|}
See [https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Auy0R4dx5JF6dEdwQ3B5WkdCeUp0SjZYSl9vc3lteFE&hl=en_US#gid=0 here] or [https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApoOG6GC8_0RdHR5QkNDZlYwa1RYeUpCSzJSNUZIRkE&hl=en_US here] for a sortable, print-friendly spreadsheet with all gems and their values.

Unlike other gems, diamonds can [[Fire|ignite]] if they come into contact with [[magma]].

== Gem Cuts ==

Finished gems have a particular cut. These cuts do not affect the gem's value. A gem can have multiple cuts, such as a "square brilliant" cut or "tapered baguette" cut. Some gem cuts are also known as "cabochons." Cabochons have a basic "shape" cut but not any more complicated cut. Gizzard stones do not have cuts.

List of cuts:
* baguette
* brilliant
* briolette
* cushion
* emerald
* marquise
* octagon
* oval
* pear
* point
* radiant
* rectangular
* round
* single
* square
* table
* tapered
* trillion

== Rare Gems ==
Faint yellow diamonds only appear in [[kimberlite]] (which itself only appears in [[gabbro]] layers) and sapphires and rubies only appear in [[bauxite]] (which occurs in any sedimentary layers). Colored diamonds only occur in pre-existing clusters of faint yellow diamonds. Star sapphires and rubies only occur within clusters of their peers.

== [[Glass]] ==
Raw glass is treated as an uncut gem. There are three subtypes of raw glass (and, once cut, of cut glass gems):

Gems

{| style="border-spacing: 0"
|-
! Gem name
! Value
! Color
! Requires
|-
|green glass||2×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|2:0}}||[[bag]] full of [[sand]]
|-
|clear glass||5×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|3:0}}||[[bag]] full of [[sand]] + [[pearlash]]
|-
|crystal glass||10×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|7:1}}||rough [[rock crystal]] + [[pearlash]]
|}

Making raw glass requires a dwarf with the [[glassmaking]] [[labor]] designated, and, just like working [[metal]], it also requires [[fuel]] (either [[coke]] or [[charcoal]]) at a normal glass furnace, or [[magma]] at a magma [[glass furnace]]. Like all gems, raw glass has no [[quality]] modifiers. Note that cut rock crystals can't be used to make crystal glass objects.

Raw gems are only one of the many things your [[glassmaker]]s can make from glass. See [[glass]] and [[glass industry]] for more information.

== In real life ==

A gem is a [[Stone|mineral]] (or a mineral-like material) admired by a culture, often due to their beauty and durability (resistance to scratches), so that they have economic value in of themselves.

Most gems are made of the same basic minerals found in common rocks; but their atoms are arranged into ordered patterns, called '''crystals''', with drastic consequences to their appearance and material properties. For example, the same mineral quartz that looks so unremarkable in [[quartzite]] may form the strikingly geometric, beautifully translucent [[Rock crystal|rock crystals]], if it has the space to grow up slowly – in a crack or cavity within [[granite|granite rock]], for example.
<gallery>
File:Kwarcyt osadowy 1.jpg|Quartzite, an unremarkable stone.
File:QuartzVug.jpg|Rock crystal growing inside a rock cavity. These are made of the same basic stuff as quartzite, only better arranged.
</gallery>

Each particular crystal has a stable angle between its faces, depending on the underlying atomic structure; quartz is hexagonal, while [[rock salt]] is cubic.
<gallery>
File:Close packing.svg|Hexagonal (left) and cubic (right) patterns of ordered mineral growth.
File:Rough rock crystals.JPG|Rough rock crystals (quartz).
File:Quartztaille.jpg|A large rock crystal, cut in an emerald-cut shape. Expert [[Gem cutter|gem cutters]] will work with the natural planes of the crystal's structure, making them shiny and reflective.
File:Salt crystals, Kuyalnik.JPG|Cubic [[rock salt]] crystals (click to embiggen).
</gallery>

A more drastic (and famous) example is carbon. The organic content of sedimentary rocks like [[bituminous coal]] may be pressured and heated into honeycomb [[Layer|layers]], forming the [[metamorphic]] stone [[graphite]] (which we use in pencils, and dwarves use for long-lasting fires). That very same carbon may be shaped, with more pressure and less heat (when, for example, stricken by a meteorite), into the nested cubes known as [[Diamond|diamonds]].
<gallery>
File:Coal bituminous.jpg|[[Bituminous coal]], aka dead swamp stuff. Mostly carbon.
File:Diamond and graphite without structures.jpg|[[Diamond|Rough diamonds]] and [[graphite]], also carbon.
File:Graphit gitter.png|Internal structure of graphite; honeycomb patterns layered in sheets.
File:Diamond cubic animation.gif|Complex cubic internal structure of diamonds.
File:Brillanten.jpg|[[Gem cutting|Round brilliant cut]] diamonds.
</gallery>

Some non-mineral materials that have been sometimes considered "gems" include organic products like [[amber]], [[coral]], and [[pearl]]; and rocks (bundles of multiple minerals) like [[jet]], [[green jade|jade]] and [[lapis lazuli]]. Of these, pearl only exists in DF as a placeholder, coral and amber in the most rudimentary of forms; but not as gemstones. Jet counts as a [[stone|regular stone]] in DF, while jade (in various colors) and lapis lazuli are gemstones.

{{Translation
| dwarven = kadôl
| elvish = eruwa
| goblin = straza
| human = ves
}}

{{Category|Materials}}

Gem

2017-07-11T22:11:46Z

Leoboiko: real-life section

{{Quality|Exceptional|18:34, 30 December 2014 (UTC)}}
{{av}}

Small clusters of rough '''gems''' can be found almost anywhere while [[mining]]. After they have been mined by a [[miner]] and cut by a [[gem cutter]], a [[gem setter]] can use them to [[encrust]] [[furniture]], [[crafts]], and [[ammunition]]. In addition, raw [[rock crystal]]s are required to make crystal glass goods. '''Cut gems''' can also be used to create [[window]]s and are often required as a source material for [[legendary artifact]]s. Gem encrusted [[weapon]]s and [[armor]] can be found in game, but cannot be made in fortress mode. Stones, including the various types of clay, can also be cut into gems.

A large variety of cut gems can be brought by and requested from the dwarven caravan. You cannot import rough gems with the exception of raw [[glass]], which human and dwarven caravans can bring.

Exactly 5% of all rough gems will be cut into a single [[Useless_crap|craft]] or '''large gem''' (with 1 craft for every 8 large gems), and the same occurs with raw glass (but with different ratios - 33% of all jobs, producing 11 crafts for every 16 large gems). Note that these will ''replace'' a cut gem and cannot be used to encrust goods. The value of such crafts can easily reach hundreds, even several thousand in the case of valuable gems and good craftsdwarfship. A dwarf with a [[strange mood]] can take a single gem and cut it into a [[legendary artifact]] known as a "perfect gem" - this is simply a special name for an artifact large gem.

If you have any bags of sand, you can also manufacture [[Glass|raw glass]], which is the same as a lower-value, uncut gem.

[[Gizzard stone]]s are found as a by-product when butchering some animals, and can be used like cut gems. Only few animal species give gizzard stones, but each member of such a species butchered will yield one, which can lead to a decent supply when you manage to set up an [[ostrich]] or [[elk bird]] farm.

A killed [[amethyst man]] will drop a rough amethyst, but amethyst men are fairly rare.

As of 43.03, you can direct your dwarves to cut [[shell]], [[horn]] and [[teeth|ivory]] into a '''large gem'''. This can be done at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]].

== Value ==
Gems have base [[value]] of 3 in rough form, which is multiplied by the appropriate value modifier from the table below. They gain value after they are cut in a [[jeweler's workshop]]. Cut gems have a base value of 5. Items can be decorated (encrusted) with cut gems; all such decorations have a value of 10 times the gem type's value multiplier. See [[Gem cutting]] and [[Gem setting]]. Large gems have a base value of 10, and can also have a [[quality]] modifier which increases value.

To give an example, a rough green zircon will be worth (3x20=) 60☼, a cut green zircon (5x20=) 100☼ and a masterwork large green zircon (10x20x12=) 2400☼.

== Varieties ==
Gems come in many varieties, with their own color and value multipliers:
{{Gem table head|class=wikitable|class=sortable}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[green glass]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[clear glass]]|value=5|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|3:0}}3:0|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=[[#Glass|Synthetic]]|name=[[crystal glass]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Glass furnace]]|fhow=Manufactured}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[amber opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[aventurine]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[banded agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[bloodstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[blue jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[bone opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[brown jasper]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[carnelian]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[cherry opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[chrysocolla]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Malachite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[chrysoprase]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[citrine]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[clear tourmaline]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[dendritic agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[fire agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[fortification agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[gold opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[gray chalcedony]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[jasper opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lace agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lapis lazuli]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Igneous intrusive]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[lavender jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[milk opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[milk quartz]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moonstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[morion]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moss agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[moss opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[onyx opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[onyx]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[picture jasper]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pineapple opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pink jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pipe opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[plume agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[prase opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[prase]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[pyrite]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[resin opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[rock crystal]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[rose quartz]]|value=3|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sardonyx]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sard]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[schorl]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[shell opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[smoky quartz]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[sunstone]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Basalt]], [[Gneiss]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tiger iron]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tigereye]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[tube agate]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[turquoise]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Igneous extrusive]], [[Kaolinite]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[variscite]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[wax opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[white chalcedony]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[white jade]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[wood opal]]|value=10|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Ornamental|name=[[yellow jasper]]|value=2|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Sedimentary]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[alexandrite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[almandine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[amethyst]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[aquamarine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|3:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|3:1}}3:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[bandfire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black opal]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black pyrope]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[black zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[blue garnet]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[brown zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[cat's eye]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[chrysoberyl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[cinnamon grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[claro opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[clear garnet]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:0}}7:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[clear zircon]]|value=25|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[crystal opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[demantoid]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Chromite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[fire opal]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[golden beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[goshenite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green jade]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Alluvial]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green tourmaline]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[green zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[harlequin opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[heliodor]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[honey yellow beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[indigo tourmaline]]|value=25|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[jelly opal]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[kunzite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[levin opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[light yellow diamond]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[melanite]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[morganite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[peridot]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:1}}2:1|fwhere=[[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pinfire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pink garnet]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[pink tourmaline]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[precious fire opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[purple spinel]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red beryl]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red flash opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red pyrope]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red spinel]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red tourmaline]]|value=15|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Sedimentary]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[red zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[rhodolite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:0}}5:0|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[rubicelle]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Diorite]], [[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[tanzanite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Gabbro]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[topazolite]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[topaz]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[tsavorite]]|value=30|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[violet spessartine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|5:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|5:1}}5:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[white opal]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=All [[stone]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow grossular]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow spessartine]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Metamorphic]], [[Granite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Semi-Precious|name=[[yellow zircon]]|value=20|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=All [[igneous]], [[Metamorphic]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[emerald]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Granite]], [[Schist]], [[Marble]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[faint yellow diamond]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:0}}6:0|fwhere=[[Kimberlite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[ruby]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Precious|name=[[sapphire]]|value=40|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Bauxite]]|fhow=Small clusters}}

{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[black diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|0:1}}0:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[blue diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:0}}1:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[clear diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|7:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|7:1}}7:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[green diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|2:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|2:0}}2:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[red diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:0}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:0}}4:0|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[star ruby]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|4:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|4:1}}4:1|fwhere=[[Ruby]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[star sapphire]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|1:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|1:1}}1:1|fwhere=[[Sapphire]]|fhow=Single gem}}
{{Gem table row|rarity=Rare|name=[[yellow diamond]]|value=60|color={{Raw Tile|☼|6:7:1}}{{Raw Tile|♦|6:1}}6:1|fwhere=[[Faint yellow diamond]]|fhow=Single gem}}

|}
See [https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Auy0R4dx5JF6dEdwQ3B5WkdCeUp0SjZYSl9vc3lteFE&hl=en_US#gid=0 here] or [https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApoOG6GC8_0RdHR5QkNDZlYwa1RYeUpCSzJSNUZIRkE&hl=en_US here] for a sortable, print-friendly spreadsheet with all gems and their values.

Unlike other gems, diamonds can [[Fire|ignite]] if they come into contact with [[magma]].

== Gem Cuts ==

Finished gems have a particular cut. These cuts do not affect the gem's value. A gem can have multiple cuts, such as a "square brilliant" cut or "tapered baguette" cut. Some gem cuts are also known as "cabochons." Cabochons have a basic "shape" cut but not any more complicated cut. Gizzard stones do not have cuts.

List of cuts:
* baguette
* brilliant
* briolette
* cushion
* emerald
* marquise
* octagon
* oval
* pear
* point
* radiant
* rectangular
* round
* single
* square
* table
* tapered
* trillion

== Rare Gems ==
Faint yellow diamonds only appear in [[kimberlite]] (which itself only appears in [[gabbro]] layers) and sapphires and rubies only appear in [[bauxite]] (which occurs in any sedimentary layers). Colored diamonds only occur in pre-existing clusters of faint yellow diamonds. Star sapphires and rubies only occur within clusters of their peers.

== [[Glass]] ==
Raw glass is treated as an uncut gem. There are three subtypes of raw glass (and, once cut, of cut glass gems):

Gems

{| style="border-spacing: 0"
|-
! Gem name
! Value
! Color
! Requires
|-
|green glass||2×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|2:0}}||[[bag]] full of [[sand]]
|-
|clear glass||5×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|3:0}}||[[bag]] full of [[sand]] + [[pearlash]]
|-
|crystal glass||10×||{{Raw Tile|☼♦|7:1}}||rough [[rock crystal]] + [[pearlash]]
|}

Making raw glass requires a dwarf with the [[glassmaking]] [[labor]] designated, and, just like working [[metal]], it also requires [[fuel]] (either [[coke]] or [[charcoal]]) at a normal glass furnace, or [[magma]] at a magma [[glass furnace]]. Like all gems, raw glass has no [[quality]] modifiers. Note that cut rock crystals can't be used to make crystal glass objects.

Raw gems are only one of the many things your [[glassmaker]]s can make from glass. See [[glass]] and [[glass industry]] for more information.

== In real life ==

A gem is a [[Stone|mineral]] (or a mineral-like material) admired by a culture, often due to their beauty and durability (resistance to scratches), so that they have economic value in of themselves.

Most gems are made of the same basic minerals found in common rocks; but their atoms are arranged into ordered patterns, called '''crystals''', with drastic consequences to their appearance and material properties. For example, the same mineral quartz that looks so unremarkable in [[quartzite]] may form the strikingly geometric, beautifully translucent [[Rock crystal|rock crystals]], if it has the space to grow up slowly – in a crack or cavity within [[granite|granite rock]], for example.
<gallery>
File:Kwarcyt osadowy 1.jpg|Quartzite, an unremarkable stone.
File:QuartzVug.jpg|Rock crystal growing inside a rock cavity. These are made of the same basic stuff as quartzite, only better arranged.
</gallery>

Each particular crystal has a stable angle between its faces, depending on the underlying atomic structure; quartz is hexagonal, while [[rock salt]] is cubic.
<gallery>
File:Close packing.svg|Hexagonal (left) and cubic (right) patterns of ordered mineral growth.
File:Rough rock crystals.JPG|Rough rock crystals (quartz).
File:Quartztaille.jpg|A large rock crystal, cut in an emerald-cut shape. Expert [[Gem cutter|gem cutters]] will work with the natural planes of the crystal's structure, making them shiny and reflective.
File:Salt crystals, Kuyalnik.JPG|Cubic [[rock salt]] crystals (click to embiggen).
</gallery>

A more drastic (and famous) example is carbon. The organic content of sedimentary rocks like [[bituminous coal]] may be pressured and heated into honeycomb [[Layer|layers]], forming the [[metamorphic]] stone [[graphite]] (which we use in pencils, and dwarves use for long-lasting fires). That very same carbon may be shaped, with more pressure and less heat (when, for example, stricken by a meteorite), into the nested cubes known as [[diamonds]].
<gallery>
File:Coal bituminous.jpg|[[Bituminous coal]], aka dead swamp stuff. Mostly carbon.
File:Diamond and graphite without structures.jpg|[[Diamond|Rough diamonds]] and [[graphite]], also carbon.
File:Graphit gitter.png|Internal structure of graphite; honeycomb patterns layered in sheets.
File:Diamond cubic animation.gif|Complex cubic internal structure of diamonds.
File:Brillanten.jpg|[[Gem cutting|Round brilliant cut]] diamonds.
</gallery>

Some non-mineral materials that have been sometimes considered "gems" include organic products like [[amber]], [[coral]], and [[pearl]]; and rocks (bundles of multiple minerals) like [[jet]], [[green jade|jade]] and [[lapis lazuli]]. Of these, pearl only exists in DF as a placeholder, coral and amber in the most rudimentary of forms; but not as gemstones. Jet counts as a [[stone|regular stone]] in DF, while the others are gemstones.

{{Translation
| dwarven = kadôl
| elvish = eruwa
| goblin = straza
| human = ves
}}

{{Category|Materials}}

Rose quartz

2017-07-11T20:38:26Z

Leoboiko: more images

{{quality|Fine|21:53, 7 December 2010 (UTC)}}{{gemlookup/0}}{{av}}

'''Rose quartzes''' are low-value [[gem]]s that can be found almost anywhere.

<gallery>
File:Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|Rough rose quartz
File:Rose_quartz.jpg|Smoothed rose quartz
File:Rose quartz drops.jpg|Small cut rose quartz gems
</gallery>

{{gamedata}}
{{gems}}

Stone

2017-07-11T20:34:53Z

Leoboiko: illustrations to real-life section

{{quality|exceptional}}{{av}}

:''(This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s. For that, as well a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]])''
:''(For a list of stone sorted by tile see [[Tilesets#Stones]])''

An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined.

Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
* [[Ore]]: stones that produces [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures. ([[Obsidian]] is one exception).

[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].

Having created loose stone, many times you'll want to get rid of it or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.

If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].

== Main layer types ==
{{main|Stone layers}}

There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.

The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.

The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)

== Stones forming entire layers ==
These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below). 
{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
|-valign="top"
|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
* {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|=|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]

|}
:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]

== Other Stone ==
Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[Olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.

Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''

''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
! Icons
! Name
! Found in
! [[Fire-safe]]
! [[Magma-safe]]

|-
|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|}
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles

== By Color ==
For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.

{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
!width="90"| Color
!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
!width="25%"| Economic
! Ore
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
|
|[[Bismuthinite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
|
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
|[[Gypsum]]
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
|[[Bauxite]]
|[[Kaolinite]]
|[[Hematite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
|
|[[Malachite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
|
|
|[[Garnierite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
|colspan="3"| None
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
|[[Microcline]]
|
|[[Raw adamantine]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
|[[Cobaltite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
|[[Kimberlite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
|colspan="3"| None
|}

{{Translation
| dwarven = lam
| elvish = queca
| goblin = ngomstu
| human = ado
}}

== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==

The geology and stones of Dwarf Fortress are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help. Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers, with links to the relevant game-specific pages.

In geological terminology, a rock or stone is basically a composite of minerals. Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure. For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure. Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others). The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for Dwarf Fortress; just like in everyday language, they're all just "stones". Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material; such rocks include [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Museo de La Plata - Cuarcita.jpg|thumb|Quartzite stone, made mostly of quartz mineral.]]
| [[File:Dark Mica from Eastern Ontario.jpg|thumb|Mica, a mineral.]]
| [[File:GRANIT KANTSTEIN.jpg|thumb|Granite stone. The whitest grains are [[rock crystal|quartz crystals]], while the dark ones are [[mica]].]]
| [[File:Coal bituminous.jpg|thumb|Bituminous coal.]]
| [[File:Xenocrinus baeri fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone (Whitewater Formation, Upper Ordovician; northeastern Warren County, southwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (15115228788).jpg|thumb|Limestone, this one still with skeletons.]]
|}

Rocks are classified by their creation processes, which also results in them settling down on [[stone layers]], possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]]. DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details.

An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal. Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]]. To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone. A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and
[[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).
{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Sphalerite-43245.jpg|thumb|Sphalerite, an ore of zinc.]]
| [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|Zinc metal.]]
| [[File:Zlato 2.jpg|thumb|Native gold in rock.]]
|}

A [[gem]] is any stone with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and/or rare. This depends not just on what's the stone made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.

{|style="margin: 0 auto;"
| [[File:Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|thumb|[[Rose quartz]] is made of the same basic quartz as quartzite (above), but its atoms are ordered into neatly arranged pyramid shapes, resulting in a shiny, transparent, faceted material.]]
| [[File:Rose quartz drops.jpg|thumb|After being [[Gem cutting|cut]] by an [[Gem cutter|expert craftsdwarv]], the hidden beauty of the rough gem is revealed. ]]
|}

{{DF2014 stones}}

{{Category|Stone|*}}
{{Category|Materials}}

Stone

2017-07-11T19:32:51Z

Leoboiko: added more detail on real-life geology

{{quality|exceptional}}{{av}}

:''(This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s. For that, as well a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]])''
:''(For a list of stone sorted by tile see [[Tilesets#Stones]])''

An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined.

Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
* [[Ore]]: stones that produces [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures. ([[Obsidian]] is one exception).

[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].

Having created loose stone, many times you'll want to get rid of it or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.

If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].

== Main layer types ==
{{main|Stone layers}}

There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.

The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.

The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)

== Stones forming entire layers ==
These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below). 
{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
|-valign="top"
|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
* {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]

|style="padding: 0"|
* {{Raw Tile|=|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]

|}
:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]

== Other Stone ==
Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[Olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.

Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''

''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
|-
! Icons
! Name
! Found in
! [[Fire-safe]]
! [[Magma-safe]]

|-
|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
|-
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|=|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
|-
|{{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
|}
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles

== By Color ==
For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.

{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
!width="90"| Color
!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
!width="25%"| Economic
! Ore
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
|
|[[Bismuthinite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
|
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
|[[Gypsum]]
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
|[[Bauxite]]
|[[Kaolinite]]
|[[Hematite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
|
|[[Malachite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
|
|
|[[Garnierite]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
|colspan="3"| None
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
|[[Microcline]]
|
|[[Raw adamantine]]
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
|[[Cobaltite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
|[[Kimberlite]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
|
|
|-valign="top"
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
|colspan="3"| None
|}

{{Translation
| dwarven = lam
| elvish = queca
| goblin = ngomstu
| human = ado
}}

== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==

The geology and stones of Dwarf Fortress are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help. Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers.

In geological terminology, a rock [http://geologywriter.com/blog/stories-in-stone-blog/rock-or-stone-is-there-a-difference/ or stone] is basically a composite of minerals. Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure. For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure. Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others). The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for Dwarf Fortress, as it doesn't in everyday language; they're all just "stones". Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material, like [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).

An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal. Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]]. To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone. A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and [[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).

A [[gem]] is any stone with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and rare. This depends not just on what's the stone made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.

Rocks are classified by their creation processes, which also results in them settling down on [[stone layers]], possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]]. DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details. {{DF2014 stones}}

{{Category|Stone|*}}
{{Category|Materials}}

Stone

2017-07-11T17:55:36Z

Leoboiko: moved down and renamed "In Real Life" section, to follow the pattern of other articles

Stone

2017-07-11T17:52:13Z

Leoboiko: consolidated "this article" notice up

Weather

2014-08-08T11:05:36Z

Leoboiko: melting snow

{{Quality|Exceptional|00:18, 8 August 2014 (UTC)}}
{{av}}
'''Weather''' refers to any type of weather effect in DF. It includes snow, rain, and special features in evil surroundings.

Weather can be disabled by changing [WEATHER:YES] to [WEATHER:NO] in [[d_init.txt]]. Disabling weather is a quick and largely harmless fix to improve [[FPS|framerate]] on older machines if required.

== Normal Weather ==

=== Clouds ===

Dwarf Fortress has three layers of clouds: cumulus, cirrus, and stratus. When using the {{k|W}} key in adventure mode, any number of messages about the weather may appear, and corresponding symbols are shown when {{k|c}} is enabled on the fast travel mode. The types of clouds that are possible are:

* '''Clear sky (no clouds)''' — The sky is clear above you.

* {{Tile|α|7:0:0}} '''Scattered cumulus''' — There are scattered puffy clouds above you.
* '''Many cumulus (causes rain)''' — There are mounds of clouds above you, smooth on the bottom with prominent upward bulges.
* {{Tile|¶|0:0:1}} '''Cumulonimbus (causes rain)''' — A dark, menacing cloud towers above you, crowned by an anvil.

* {{Tile|≡|7:0:0}} '''Cirrus''' — The sky is striped with thin clouds.

* '''Altostratus''' — The sky above you is hazy and white.
* {{Tile|█|7:0:0}} '''Stratus (causes rain)''' — The sky above you is gray.
* {{Tile|█|0:0:1}} '''Nimbostratus (causes rain)''' — The sky above you is a uniform and dark gray.

Additionally, some unique messages occur when there are clouds in multiple layers:

* '''Scattered cumulus and cirrus''' — There are scattered clouds underneath a striped sky.
* '''Many cumulus and cirrus''' — Mounds of clouds are clustered through a striped sky.
* '''Cumulonimbus and cirrus''' — A dark, towering cloud rises into a striped sky.
* '''Altostratus and cumulonimbus''' — A towering gray cloud descends from the white sky above you.
* '''Stratus cumulonimbus''' — The sky above you is completely gray, with dark cloud pillars pressing through it.
* '''Nimbostratus and cumulonimbus''' — The sky above you is nearly black, ripped through with towering clouds.

Otherwise, stratus clouds prevent you from seeing if there are any cirrus or cumulus clouds.

=== Fog / Mist ===

Fog is another aspect of the weather, and is described separately from the state of clouds when using {{k|W}}. (However, thick fog prevents you from being able to tell what the clouds are like via {{k|W}}.) There are three kinds of fog that may appear:

* {{Tile|░|7:0:1}} '''Thin Mist''' — There is a thin mist here.
* '''Fog''' — Fog enshrouds the area.
* {{Tile|▓|7:0:1}} '''Thick Fog''' — There is a heavy blanket of fog enveloping everything.

The symbols shown appear on the fast travel map are shown regardless of whether you have {{k|c}} enabled or not. If you have cloud viewing enabled, clouds in the same position as the fog will obscure that fog. When in the midst of fog on the fast travel map, a small circle around your adventurer will blink to show the surrounding area.

=== Precipitation ===
==== Rain ====
{{DFtext|It is raining.|1:1}}

Normal rain cleans any tile it lands on, removing blood, [[vomit]] and other bodily fluids on contact. Any dwarf caught outside when it rains will receive a minor unhappy [[thought]].

When rain hits a tile labeled as a [[murky pool]], it will begin to fill it up with 1/7 [[water]], and if that does not evaporate the water will grow deeper, until the pool is full. Murky pools do not overflow from rain, but this extra water can be drained off and stored or used. (See the [[Well guide#Using ponds/pools in areas with heavy rain|Well Guide]].) While not much, it can really help maps without 'unlimited' water supplies such as [[river]]s and [[brook]]s.

==== Snow and Cold ====
{{DFtext|Winter is here.|7:1}}

{{DFtext|A snow storm has come.|7:1}}

When water comes into contact with a [[freezing]] climate, such as winter months in a moderate [[biome]], or at any time in a [[tundra]] or [[glacier]], it will freeze into a wall of [[ice]]. Freezing ice acts much like [[obsidian]], and will instantly kill anything caught inside of it -- including creatures otherwise extremely hard to kill. In moderate biomes after winter has passed, walls of ice will melt back into ponds. No matter what the height of the water was before freezing, it will always thaw back into a full 7 units of liquid.

Dwarfs outside during a snowstorm can also freeze to death, so a very high priority when embarking on a glacier is to dig out some place warm for your idlers to rest.

[[Magma]] running under a snow-covered ground will melt it, but unlike [[ice]], molten snow doesn't turn into [[water]].

== Evil weather ==
Certain [[surroundings|evil surroundings]] feature freakish weather, such as fogs, clouds, and rains. They may afflict those caught in them with various kinds of [[syndrome]]s or curses, such as poisonings or transformation into [[Undead|zombies]]. Names for evil weather are randomly generated, typically something along the lines of "abominable mist", "unholy gloom" (clouds) or "creeping murk", "horrid goo" (rain).

Two kinds of evil weather exist - evil rain and evil clouds. The type of weather effect and their associated syndromes (if any) are different and randomly chosen for every evil biome in a generated world. Usually there will be only one weather effect for a given evil biome, often in conjunction with the effect of [[Undead|corpse animation]].

=== Evil Clouds ===
{{DFtext|A cloud of haunting fog has drifted nearby!|4:1}}

Evil clouds are made of a generated inorganic gas or dust. They start in one tile and spread out in a similar manner to [[miasma]] vapor; when the game announces the cloud's presence, it will zoom into this tile. Evil clouds cause more serious syndromes than evil rains, similar to those of [[forgotten beast]]s, [[titan]]s and [[demon]]s. Certain evil clouds transform living beings caught in them into dangerous [[Undead|zombie]]-like thralls, turning them against all life while significantly increasing their strength and toughness [[attribute]]s.

Evil clouds inflict worse syndromes than evil rains; thralling clouds are especially dangerous in the extreme, as the zombies produced are much stronger than those produced via ambient effects. These [[undead]] are very hard to kill and are '''much''' stronger than the unit they inflicted. Evil clouds have a tendency to roll over your outdoor trade depot and convert traveling merchants into a band of dwarf-hungry savages, which can be crippling to a fortress reliant on trade.

Thralling clouds are also dangerous in adventure mode. Undead status means hostility from civilized beings, reduced speed and no regeneration. However, other undead will ignore you.

=== Evil Rain ===
Evil rain can be made of either the [[blood]] of a civilized race (dwarves, goblins, etc.) or a randomly generated inorganic substance. Blood rain typically causes no [[syndrome]]s, only giving whomever caught in it an unhappy [[thought]]. Generated substances are more dangerous, causing minor symptoms such as vomiting, blisters and fevers, as well as inspiring the aforementioned unhappy thought. Evil rain can also cause wounds and injure dwarves and other creatures caught in them, although the extent of injury depends on the substance. Dwarves spattered with evil rain will seek a bath after any outdoor work, wasting time and [[soap]]. There are rumors of rain composed of other substances, such as [[alcohol]]; however, this seems to be rare.

=== Dangers of evil weather ===
One of the dangers of evil weather is that ponds will never refill. Store water into underground basins and plan accordingly. Another annoyance is the total lack of wild bees in an evil climate. Though evil rains (excluding rains of blood) usually cause the "milder" types of [[syndrome]]s, these may still cause death as a secondary result of that syndrome: e.g. suffocation from blisters, dehydration from chronic nausea.

Some evil weather effects condense on creatures, making their effects semi-permanent - symptoms won't go away until the source is washed. Those effects also can spread like a disease. In most cases, it will just infect dwarves that carry contaminated bodies to caskets. Thralling dust clouds, however, [[fun|can quickly lead to an unstoppable zombie apocalypse]] if the dust is not completely washed off somehow.

==== Movement of evil weather and safeguarding ====
Evil weather forms on the edge of the map and moves about the screen in one direction as the wind blows. Because the clouds inflate similarly to [[miasma]], they can very quickly dissipate, fly out of the map immediately, carry on at a steady pace, or spread rapidly engulfing very large areas. They will not, however, change direction.

Although it will glide along a single Z-level, it will climb straight walls and pass over structures. It will not move through a closed door or raised drawbridge, but it can descend from an open roof and it will pass through fortifications with ease. If you choose to fortify outside, be sure to have any open areas secured with floodgates to act as shutters to keep the clouds out. Adding doors throughout the structure to stop any accidentally contained clouds from moving further inward does not hurt.

Undead created by evil weather gain immediate strength bonuses and acquire a status of {{DFtext|Opposed to Life|0:1}}. They will tirelessly seek out living things to kill until they are struck down, which can take considerable effort.

{{Category|World}}