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Metal
v50.12 · v0.47.05 This article is about the current version of DF.Note that some content may still need to be updated. |
Metal is a material extracted from ore at a smelter, turning the ore into bars of pure metal. (One special metal becomes wafers instead of bars.) The metal bars resulting from smelting are used to make items such as weapons, armor, furniture, and crafts at a forge.
Metals may sometimes be combined to form an alloy metal (see below), which is also measured by the bar. An alloy usually improves on the properties of its components to give more uses or increased value.
Smelting pure ores into the corresponding bars raises the base value from that of stone (3) to that of bars (5). This value is then multiplied against the material multiplier of the metal to give the final value for the bar.
Alloys
There are eleven pure metals in Dwarf Fortress (plus a twelfth special metal). Many of these can be mixed together to create alloys of one type or another, of which there are another fourteen. In some cases, making alloys will result in an overall increase in value, or the resultant alloy will be more powerful when used to forge weapons or armor, though many alloys result in no overall increase in utility or created wealth. (These increases in value can be compared in the "Difference" column of the below table.)
There are many uses for alloys:
- Increased performance for armor or weapons.
- Increased value (particularly when a silver-bearing ore is substituted for silver)
- Stretching your supply of scarce metals.
- Creating items with distinct colors (for instance, rose gold is magenta) for furniture, color-coding rooms or levers, or artistic constructions (including floor mosaics).
- Increasing happiness or perceived room value for a dwarf who particularly likes a given alloy.
- Decreased fuel consumption if making the alloy directly from ores (e.g. bronze requires only one smelter task to make 8 bars from 2 stones of ore).
The number of bars used to create an alloy always equals the number of bars produced: the number of bars input equals the number of bars of output. However, the number of bars produced from smelting ores is four times greater (X ores in = 4X bars out).
List of metals
Pure metals
| Metal Name |
Tile Color |
Source Ore(s) | Density (g/cm3) | Melting point | Material value |
Value difference | Notes and Other Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | ≡‼
|
Native aluminum | 2.70 | 11188 °U | 40 | +0 | |
| Bismuth | ≡‼
|
Bismuthinite | 9.78 | 10488 °U | 2 | +1 | Only useful for alloying into bismuth bronze |
| Copper | ≡‼
|
Native copper, Malachite, Tetrahedrite | 8.93 | 11952 °U | 2 | +0, +0, -1* | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks |
| Gold | ≡‼
|
Native gold | 19.32 | 11915 °U | 30 | +0 | |
| Iron | ≡‼
|
Hematite, Limonite, Magnetite | 7.85 | 12768 °U | 10 | +2 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, picks, and anvils |
| Lead | ≡‼
|
Galena | 11.34 | 10589 °U | 2 | -3* | |
| Nickel | ≡‼
|
Garnierite | 8.80 | 12619 °U | 2 | +0 | |
| Platinum | ≡‼
|
Native platinum | 21.40 | 13182 °U | 40 | +0 | |
| Silver | ≡‼
|
Native silver, Horn silver, Galena (50%), Tetrahedrite (20%) |
10.49 | 11731 °U | 10 | +0, +0, +5*, +7* |
Can be used to forge melee weapons and ammunition |
| Tin | ≡‼
|
Cassiterite | 7.28 | 10417 °U | 2 | +0 | |
| Zinc | ≡‼
|
Sphalerite | 7.13 | 10755 °U | 2 | +0 |
Legend:
- Tile Color corresponds to how items made from that metal are displayed in game, foreground and background colors.
- Source Ore(s) indicates the specific ores that can provide a metal. If production of the metal is not guaranteed, a percent chance is indicated following the ore.
- Density is used to determine the different weight of finished objects.
- Melting point is used to determine if a material is magma-safe or not: magma is 12000°U.
- Material value is what the base value of an object made of this metal is multiplied by to determine its worth.
- Value difference indicates the difference in material value between the metal and the ore, separated with commas in cases where multiple ore values differ. Also keep in mind that multiple bars are produced for each ore boulder smelted, increasing the value difference even further.
- * - Values marked with an asterisk denote ores that can yield multiple metals. On average, the expected difference in value from smelting tetrahedrite is +1 and galena is +2.
Alloys
(Unless specified, ores of the ingredients may be used instead of bars for alloy reactions)
| Metal Name |
Tile Color |
Reaction | Density (g/cm3) | Melting point | Material value |
Value difference | Notes and Other Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billon | ≡‼
|
Silver + Copper | 8.93 | 11952 °U | 6 | +0 | Can be made with Tetrahedrite or Galena instead of Silver for increased value (Tetrahedrite + Tetrahedrite: +3, Copper ore + Tetrahedrite: +3.5, Copper ore + Galena: + 2.5, Tetrahedrite + Galena: + 2). |
| Bismuth bronze | ≡‼
|
1 Tin + 2 Copper + 1 Bismuth* | 8.25 | 11868 °U | 6 | +4 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks |
| Black bronze | ≡‼
|
2 Copper + 1 Silver + 1 Gold* | 8.93 | 11952 °U | 11 | +0 | Unique color |
| Brass | ≡‼
|
Zinc + Copper | 8.55 | 11656 °U | 7 | +5 | Value difference is +4.5 if Tetrahedrite is used instead of Copper |
| Bronze | ≡‼
|
Tin + Copper | 8.25 | 11868 °U | 5 | +3 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks. Value difference is +2.5 if Tetrahedrite is used instead of Copper |
| Electrum | ≡‼
|
Silver + Gold | 14.905 | 11828 °U | 20 | +0 | Can be made with Tetrahedrite or Galena instead of Silver for increased value (Gold + Tetrahedrite: +3.5, Gold + Galena: +2.5). |
| Fine pewter | ≡‼
|
3 Tin + 1 Copper | 7.28 | 10417 °U | 5 | +3 | Value difference is +2.75 if Tetrahedrite is used instead of Copper |
| Lay pewter | ≡‼
|
2 Tin + 1 Copper + 1 Lead* | 7.28 | 10417 °U | 3 | +1 | Unique color |
| Nickel silver | ≡‼
|
2 Nickel + 1 Copper + 1 Zinc* | 8.65 | 11620 °U | 3 | +1 | |
| Pig iron | ≡‼
|
Iron + flux stone + fuel* | 7.85 | 12106 °U | 10 | +0 | Only used to make steel |
| Rose gold | ≡‼
|
3 Gold + 1 Copper* | 19.32 | 11915 °U | 23 | +0 | Unique color |
| Steel | ≡‼
|
Iron + Pig iron + flux stone + fuel* | 7.85 | 12718 °U | 30 | +20 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, picks, and anvils |
| Sterling silver | ≡‼
|
3 Silver + 1 Copper* | 10.49 | 11602 °U | 8 | +0 | |
| Trifle pewter | ≡‼
|
2 Tin + 1 Copper | 7.28 | 10417 °U | 4 | +2 | Value difference is +1.67 if Tetrahedrite is used instead of Copper |
Legend:
- Tile Color corresponds to how items made from that metal are displayed in game, foreground and background colors.
- Reaction indicates the basic recipe for an alloy - this does not include any fuel necessary to operate the smelter. See the article for that alloy or smelting for possible alternatives.
- * - You can use only bars of metal in this reaction, not ores.
- Density is used to determine the different weight of finished objects.
- Melting point is used to determine if a material is magma-safe or not: magma is 12000°U.
- Material value is what the base value of an object made of this metal is multiplied by to determine its worth.
- Value difference indicates the difference between the average value of the required bars of metals vs. the value of the resulting bars of alloy - what went in vs. what comes out, measured per bar. "+0" indicates that the resulting alloy is a perfectly average value of the component metals. Note that substituting tetrahedrite for copper ore always results in a value decrease, while substituting tetrahedrite or galena for silver ore always results in a value increase.
Special metals
 This article or section contains minor spoilers. You may want to avoid reading it.
|
| Metal Name |
Tile Color |
Source Ore(s) | Density (g/cm3) | Melting point | Material value |
Value difference | Notes and Other Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamantine | ≡‼
|
Raw adamantine | 0.200 | 25000 °U | 300 | +50 |
|
| Divine metal | ≡‼
|
none | 1 | none | 300 |
|
Weapon and armor quality
- Note: all of the testing and results in this section are from version 0.31. Results may be out of date.
| Metal | Value | Density | Impact yield | Impact fracture | Impact elasticity | Shear yield | Shear fracture | Shear elasticity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamantine | 300 | 0.200 | 5000 | 5000 | 0 | 5000 | 5000 | 0 | Can be used to forge anything except beds |
| Steel | 30 | 7.85 | 1505 | 2520 | 940 | 430 | 720 | 215 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, picks, and anvils |
| Bismuth bronze | 6 | 8.25 | 602 | 843 | 547 | 172 | 241 | 156 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks |
| Bronze | 5 | 8.25 | 602 | 843 | 547 | 172 | 241 | 156 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks |
| Iron | 10 | 7.85 | 542 | 1080 | 319 | 155 | 310 | 189 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, picks, and anvils |
| Copper | 2 | 8.93 | 245 | 770 | 175 | 70 | 220 | 145 | Can be used to forge all weapons, armor, ammunition, and picks
|
| Silver | 10 | 10.49 | 350 | 595 | 350 | 100 | 170 | 333 | Can be used to forge melee weapons and ammunition |
| Platinum | 40 | 21.4 | 350 | 700 | 152 | 100 | 200 | 164 | Only available as artifact weapons.
|
- Combat information is used internally by the game to determine the combat properties of weapons and armor made from this metal:
- Density: Used in conjunction with other factors - heavier weapons (higher numbers) hit with more force, light weapons tend to have less penetration. Value shown here is g/cm3, which is the raw value divided by 103
- Impact yield: Used for blunt-force combat; higher is better for weapons, but lower is better for armor. This is the raw value divided by 103 (i.e., kPa).
- Impact fracture: Used for blunt-force combat; higher is better. This is the raw value divided by 103 (i.e., kPa).
- Impact elasticity: Used for blunt-force combat; lower is better. This is the raw value.
- Shear yield: Used for cutting calculations in combat; higher is better. This is the raw value divided by 103 (i.e., kPa).
- Shear fracture: Used for cutting calculations in combat; higher is better. This is the raw value divided by 103 (i.e., kPa).
- Shear elasticity: Used for cutting calculations in combat; lower is better. This is the raw value.
- General Term Explanations (From Wikipedia)
- Yield Strength - The stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic deformation, causing it to deform permanently.
- Fracture Strength - The stress coordinate on the stress-strain curve at the point of rupture.
- Stress - Force per area = F/A
- Strain - Deformation of a solid due to stress = Stress/Young's Modulus
So...
- Explanations!
- Yield Strength is the amount of stress required to permanently deform (bend) a material (plastic deformation)
- Fracture Strength is the amount of stress required to permanently break (rupture) a material
- Elasticity (or IMPACT_STRAIN_AT_YIELD in RAWs) is the amount of deformation (bending) that occurs at the yield point
- Implications to Dwarf Fortress Combat
- Yield combined with Elasticity can tell what a material will do under stress (be it from a hammer, axe, or arrow)
- Higher yield means that it takes more stress to deform
- Lower elasticity means that it will deform less when stress is applied
Preliminary Combat Testing & Analysis
For edged weapons and armour, adamantine and steel take first and second place respectively, with iron the third best material in the game. Beyond this, bronze is in a close tie with copper the second worst material. As in older versions, silver continues to hold steady as the worst material available (no longer beneficial with wooden training weapons being available now) in regards to edged weaponry.
For blunt weapons, all of the standard materials (except adamantine) perform respectably well, with a very slight edge towards steel and silver. Here is the thread with the details:
http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=53571.0
Keep in mind how unbelievably complicated this system is; nothing here should be taken as word of law. These results also ignore the impact of the weight of equipment on your dwarves. Dwarves, especially weak ones without high Armor User skill, will move much more slowly when wearing heavy armor and carrying heavy weapons and ammunition. This may be a more important consideration than a marginal improvement in protection.
| Best | Better | Good | Fair | Poor | Terrible | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armor | Adamantine | Steel | Iron | Bronze, Bismuth Bronze | Copper | ||
| Edged Weapons | Adamantine | Steel | Iron | Bronze, Bismuth Bronze | Copper | Silver | For piercing iron armor, copper is better than bronze. For piercing copper or bronze armor, bronze is better than copper. |
| Ammunition | Steel, Iron, Bronze, Bismuth Bronze, Copper, Silver | Adamantine | Adamantine bolts deflect off of adamantine armor, but otherwise their performance is on par with bolts made out of other metals. | ||||
| Blunt Weapons | Platinum (artifact only) | Steel, Silver | Copper, Bismuth Bronze, Bronze, Iron | Adamantine | All six standard weapon metals perform nearly identically. Steel has a slightly higher rate of critical wounds, while silver is slightly more likely to penetrate armor. Platinum (only available as artifact weapons) has twice the density of silver and several other improved properties, making it the best metal for impact weapons, though very limited in production. |
Cross referencing this table with the table at the top of this section seems to indicate that low densities, high impact fractures, and high shear fractures contribute to the killing power of edged weapons
See also
- Some outstanding research on armor vs. different weapon types by Shinziril.
- Dwarven Research: A Comparison Study on the Effectiveness of Bolts vs Armors.
"Metal" in other Languages 
|
| More: Gems • Metals • Stones | |
| Creature | |
| Plant | |
| Creature/Plant |
Alcohol • Extract (Golden salve • Gnomeblight • Honey • Royal jelly • Syrup • Venom) • Glob • Soap • Liquids |
| Inorganic |
Metal • Milk of lime • Soil (Clay • Sand) • Stone (Ash glaze • Earthenware • Gem • Gypsum plaster • Porcelain • Quicklime • Stoneware • Tin glaze) |
| Hardcoded | |
| See also: Material science | |