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Editing Dwarven language
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{{distinguish|l1 = Khuzdul|wikipedia: Khuzdul}} | {{distinguish|l1 = Khuzdul|wikipedia: Khuzdul}} | ||
− | The '''Dwarven language''' is one of the [[language]]s the player will come across. This language is used in-game for the names of the universe, continents, rivers, dwarven governments and settlements, | + | The '''Dwarven language''' is one of the four [[language]]s the player will come across, besides [[Elvish language|Elvish]], [[Human language|Human]] and [[Goblin language|Goblin]]. This language is used in-game for the names of the universe, continents, rivers, dwarven governments and settlements, dwarves, artifacts and engravings. However, as of yet, it lacks everything necessary for proper conversation, like grammar or personal pronouns. |
==Alphabet== | ==Alphabet== | ||
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===Letter frequency=== | ===Letter frequency=== | ||
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{| class = "wikitable sortable" | {| class = "wikitable sortable" | ||
− | ! | + | ! N !! Letter !! Frequency |
− | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1 || A || | + | |1 ||A || align=right |7.91% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |2 || | + | |2 ||B || align=right |0.13% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |3 || | + | |3 ||C || align=right |0.16% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |4 || | + | |4 ||D || align=right |0.31% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |5 || | + | |5 ||E || align=right |0.30% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |6 || | + | |6 ||F || align=right |0.28% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |7 || | + | |7 ||G || align=right |2.76% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |8 || | + | |8 ||H || align=right |0.48% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |9 || | + | |9 ||I || align=right |3.81% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 || | + | |10 ||K || align=right |6.24% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 || | + | |11 ||L || align=right |0.14% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 || | + | |12 ||M || align=right |0.13% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13 || | + | |13 ||N || align=right |0.26% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 || | + | |14 ||O || align=right |0.27% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 || | + | |15 ||R || align=right |0.45% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 || | + | |16 ||S || align=right |3.93% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |17 || | + | |17 ||T || align=right |5.49% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |18 || | + | |18 ||U || align=right |6.18% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |19 || | + | |19 ||V || align=right |0.14% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |20 || | + | |20 ||Z || align=right |0.15% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |21 || | + | |21 ||À || align=right |0.34% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |22 || | + | |22 ||Á || align=right |0.29% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |23 || | + | |23 ||Â || align=right |4.38% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |24 || | + | |24 ||Ä || align=right |5.82% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |25 || | + | |25 ||Å || align=right |4.69% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |26 || | + | |26 ||È || align=right |5.68% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |27 || | + | |27 ||É || align=right |6.56% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |28 || | + | |28 ||Ê || align=right |0.16% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |29 || | + | |29 ||Ë || align=right |0.18% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |30 || | + | |30 ||Ì || align=right |0.24% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |31 || | + | |31 ||Í || align=right |0.29% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |32 || | + | |32 ||Î || align=right |5.95% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |33 || | + | |33 ||Ï || align=right |8.59% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |34 || | + | |34 ||Ò || align=right |8.43% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |35 || | + | |35 ||Ó || align=right |5.54% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |36 || | + | |36 ||Ô || align=right |0.14% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |37 || | + | |37 ||Ö || align=right |0.12% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |38 || Ù || | + | |38 ||Ù || align=right |0.27% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |39 || Ú || | + | |39 ||Ú || align=right |0.77% |
|- | |- | ||
− | |40 || Û || | + | |40 ||Û || align=right |2.08% |
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|} | |} | ||
==Graphemics== | ==Graphemics== | ||
− | + | * [[wikipedia:digraph (orthography)|Digraphs]] ''sh'', ''th'', ''st'', and ''ng''. | |
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− | * [[wikipedia:digraph (orthography)|Digraphs]] ''sh'', ''th'', and ''ng''. | ||
** ''h'' only occurs in the digraphs ''sh'' and ''th''. | ** ''h'' only occurs in the digraphs ''sh'' and ''th''. | ||
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* Dwarven has no [[wikipedia:diphthongs|diphthongs]]. | * Dwarven has no [[wikipedia:diphthongs|diphthongs]]. | ||
* ''c'', ''f'', and ''v'' are always followed by a vowel. | * ''c'', ''f'', and ''v'' are always followed by a vowel. | ||
− | * | + | * [[wikipedia: syllable structure|Syllable structure]] (C)<sup>2</sup>V(C)<sup>2</sup>. |
===Diacritic meaning=== | ===Diacritic meaning=== | ||
The Dwarven language has five diacritics ([[wikipedia:Grave accent|◌̀]], [[wikipedia:Acute accent|◌́]], [[wikipedia:Circumflex|◌̂]], [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|◌̈]], and [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|◌̊]]) used on five vowels (''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', and ''u''). The ring accent only appears on ''a'' and the diaeresis accent doesn't appear on ''u''. | The Dwarven language has five diacritics ([[wikipedia:Grave accent|◌̀]], [[wikipedia:Acute accent|◌́]], [[wikipedia:Circumflex|◌̂]], [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|◌̈]], and [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|◌̊]]) used on five vowels (''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', and ''u''). The ring accent only appears on ''a'' and the diaeresis accent doesn't appear on ''u''. | ||
− | + | An analysis of the known vocabulary shows that there are never two diacritics in any one word. This points Dwarven away from being a traditional tonal language. Instead, it is probable that these diacritics point to Dwarven having a [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|pitch accent]] system. The key difference is that in a full tonal language a tone can be applied to each individual syllable, whereas languages with pitch accent only allow a tone to be applied to one syllable per word. | |
+ | The choice of diacritics is a little bit confusing and makes it hard to decipher their meaning. | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" | {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! Diacritic | ! Diacritic | ||
! Diacritic name | ! Diacritic name | ||
! Use in other languages | ! Use in other languages | ||
− | ! Probable | + | ! Probable meaning |
|- | |- | ||
| ◌ | | ◌ | ||
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| ◌̈ | | ◌̈ | ||
| [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|Diaeresis (diacritic)]] | | [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|Diaeresis (diacritic)]] | ||
− | | Used to | + | | Used to that a vowel should be read separate (like in ''coöperate''). This is certainly not its use in Dwarven because there are no diphthongs. |
| Mid pitch | | Mid pitch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ◌̊ | | ◌̊ | ||
| [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|Ring (diacritic)]] | | [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|Ring (diacritic)]] | ||
− | | ''Å'' is a completely separate letter from ''A'' in various Nordic alphabets | + | | ''Å'' is a completely separate letter from ''A'' in various Nordic alphabets. And this diacritic is only used on ''a'' in Dwarven... |
| Rising pitch <!--probably...--> | | Rising pitch <!--probably...--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
The coincidence of ''Å'' being a separate letter in the Nordic alphabets and the ring diacritic only being used on A in Dwarven is probably just that, a coincidence. If ''Å'' is distinguished from ''A'' in Dwarven, then it is quite strange that no other accents are ever applied to it. | The coincidence of ''Å'' being a separate letter in the Nordic alphabets and the ring diacritic only being used on A in Dwarven is probably just that, a coincidence. If ''Å'' is distinguished from ''A'' in Dwarven, then it is quite strange that no other accents are ever applied to it. | ||
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==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
− | {{main| | + | {{main|Template:Noun dictionary|l1=Noun dictionary|Template:Verb dictionary|l2=Verb dictionary|Template:Adjective dictionary|l3=Adjective dictionary|Template:Prefix dictionary|l4=Prefix dictionary}} |
− | The average word in the Dwarven language is 5.088 letters long. The longest known word is ''ngathsesh'', meaning " | + | The average word in the Dwarven language is 5.088 letters long. The longest known word is ''ngathsesh'', meaning "puke". |
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=== Notes === | === Notes === | ||
− | Interestingly, the language lacks words like dwarf (possibly | + | Interestingly, the language lacks words like dwarf (possibly bistök-udos, "hairy man"), human (technically they have ''udos'' ("man")), goblin or elf (though one could use ''dák-enur'' ("tree-hug") for that). However, it is not lacking words for "pearl" (''kovest'') or "pumpkin" (''fongbez'') which do not even exist in-universe. |
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− | + | The letter W does not exist elsewhere in Dwarven language, so it is unlikely that the word "dwarf" is the native moniker of dwarves for themselves. However "dwarf" might be adopted from the original dwarven word for their own kind, and similarly they might call other races by their respective chosen monikers. "Dwarf" would then be some another language's approximation of the native Dwarven pronunciation, whose correct Dwarvish spelling could purely hypothetically resemble forms such as "dorf" or "dvôrfum". | |
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{{gamedata}} | {{gamedata}} | ||
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[[Category:Language]] | [[Category:Language]] | ||
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