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Editing v0.34:Magma
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{{av}}{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}} | {{av}}{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}} | ||
− | '''Magma''' is red-hot [[fluid | + | '''Magma''' is a red-hot [[flow|fluid]] that wells up from deep within the earth (but not so deep that it cannot be found by dwarves). Magma that is above the ground is called '''Lava'''; the substance itself remains the same. It can often result in [[Fun]]. |
− | Magma serves as | + | Magma serves as an energy source, powering [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s, and [[magma kiln]]s. Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to even more [[Fun]]. Workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them, but they are set on fire, which will kill them very quickly. For this reason, taking steps to ensure there is adequate water available to extinguish flaming dwarves running in random directions is advised before digging into any magma pools from the side. Channeling a single square wide pit across the planned magma pipe one tile away from the wall to breach and filling it with water using the [[Activity zone#Pit/Pond|pond zone]] tool is recommended, so the panicking dwarves have no choice but to run through the water, and the water itself turns into an obsidian wall as soon as the magma flows into it. |
− | Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms [[obsidian]] | + | The list of materials that are '''[[magma-safe]]''' is extensive. Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms [[obsidian]]. Note that magma located above [[semi-molten rock]] will be listed as a Magma Flow and cannot be cooled into obsidian. |
Without [[screw pump]]s to impart [[pressure]], magma flows rather slowly (though no more slowly than unpressurized water). A pipe to bring magma across the full map can take as much as a year to fill. This, combined with the fact that it will evaporate, can make filling a reservoir difficult and tedious. As a rule of thumb, the area coming out of a 1-wide-pipe shouldn't be more than three squares wide and 20 squares long, or else it will evaporate as fast as you fill it. | Without [[screw pump]]s to impart [[pressure]], magma flows rather slowly (though no more slowly than unpressurized water). A pipe to bring magma across the full map can take as much as a year to fill. This, combined with the fact that it will evaporate, can make filling a reservoir difficult and tedious. As a rule of thumb, the area coming out of a 1-wide-pipe shouldn't be more than three squares wide and 20 squares long, or else it will evaporate as fast as you fill it. | ||
− | ==Magma | + | == Bringing Magma Up == |
− | Magma | + | Magma can be brought to the surface by three different methods:[[pump|pump stack]]s, magma pistons, and minecarts. Pump stacks are conceptually the simplest, but require an enormous amount of in-game time to make. Magma pistons tend to be faster to make, but require more time to understand how to build them. Minecarts are a simple solution, but require more management than pump stacks because they can overfill a reservoir. |
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− | Magma | ||
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− | === | + | === Pump stacks === |
− | + | Pumping magma up from the magma sea via a conventional [[pump#Example layouts#pump stack|pump stack]] is a lot of work, requiring dozens of pumps and significant amounts of power. Making all of the pumps [[magma safe]] also requires a lot of precious materials like steel or glass. | |
− | ===[[Magma | + | === Magma pistons === |
− | + | [[Magma piston]]s are another way to move magma near the surface. Magma pistons require less time and fewer precious materials to construct than pump stacks. However, magma pistons are a bit more complicated than pump stacks, so it takes more time to understand how to operate and build them. | |
− | == | + | === Minecarts === |
+ | [[Minecart]]s submerged in 7/7 magma will fill with magma. Minecarts full of magma can be tipped at track stop, which will pour the magma in a specified direction from the stop. Mine cart tracks can be built from the magma sea to the surface. Minecarts used for this must be magma safe. It may also be necessary to build rollers in magma to pull the minecarts out, which would also need to be magma safe. A minecart track can be operated by dwarves or fully automatic, using powered rollers. Depending on the placement of the track stop, dangerous overflow can be prevented by making the track stop of a material that will melt/burn once the reservoir begins to overflow. | ||
− | + | ==Magma pools== | |
+ | {{main|Magma pool}} | ||
+ | Although the name suggests them as pools, they are actually pipes (Unknown why Toady changed the name). They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end just a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some may span more than 100 z-levels. | ||
+ | Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them. | ||
+ | Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma. | ||
− | Volcanoes are | + | ==Volcanoes== |
+ | [[Volcano]]es are magma pools that extend all the way to the surface. Volcanoes are an endless source of magma as they will always refill themselves. They never erupt, unlike their real-life namesake. | ||
− | + | Magma in volcanoes does not exert [[pressure]] unless you pump magma into it. So it is not very hard to design a magma-based industry zone or a defense system around volcanoes. But digging the last piece of the channel can be a little dangerous. Several (nearly) safe methods are: | |
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'''Digging From Above:''' | '''Digging From Above:''' | ||
− | If you can find a suitable position | + | If you can find a suitable position, at least in the top of the volcano you can, standing on one level above and dig a channel is the most safe and easy way. |
'''Diagonal Digging:''' | '''Diagonal Digging:''' | ||
− | Magma moves | + | Magma moves slower in diagonal than straight. So diagonal digging gives you more time to flee away. But also, slower flow means you must keep in mind the evaporation. You should dig a smaller channel, wait for it to fill up, and extends the channel by Digging From Above. |
'''Busy To Leave:''' | '''Busy To Leave:''' | ||
[http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=111883.0] | [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=111883.0] | ||
− | + | "I find it's pretty simple to do (though I haven't tried this yet in the latest version or two) if you know what you are doing. Simply mine up to the corner of a lava tube and then smooth the last tile. Dig a staircase within a few tiles of the place where you will be breaching that leads up and back into your fortress, this will allow your dwarf to get out before the magma gets him. Now designate the smoothed corner to be carved into a fortification. Now immediately when the dwarf begins to carve the fortification, (and this is the most important part!), designate a bunch of other tiles to be smoothed/carved. It's not important that your dwarves actually smooth, carve, or engrave those tiles, what is important is that your dwarf immediately takes another smooth/carve/engrave task elsewhere in the fortress when they finish the current one. If they do not then they will pause for the briefest of instants as they pick a new task, resulting in their death. If they have the job though, they will instantly turn and head up the staircase, stopping the magma from catching and killing them." | |
− | + | '''Exploit From Bellow:''' | |
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− | '''Exploit From | ||
[http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=110724.0] | [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=110724.0] | ||
− | Miners are able to mine out tiles diagonally above them '''even if there is a bridge over their heads'''. First you dig out your magma tunnel to feed magma to wherever in your fort you need it and dig it right up against the volcano pipe. Then you channel a trench against the pipe that can be the width of the tunnel if you wish. Build a | + | "Here's the basic premise: Miners are able to mine out tiles diagonally above them '''even if there is a bridge over their heads'''. First you dig out your magma tunnel to feed magma to wherever in your fort you need it and dig it right up against the volcano pipe. Then you channel a trench against the pipe that can be the width of the tunnel if you wish. Build a bridge over the trench making sure to cover it completely and then seal off access to the magma tunnel. Dig a new separate path to access the now bridged over trench. Finally, designate the volcano pipe wall '''on the Z level of the magma tunnel''' for mining. Your dwarves will stand in the trench beneath the bridge but will somehow still mine out the squares diagonally above them, causing the magma to flow safely onto the bridge leaving your dwarves unscathed." |
− | Example | + | Example: |
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− | + | {{Diagram|spaces=yes| | |
+ | Z 0 | ||
+ | =====+MMM | ||
+ | ....b║MMM | ||
+ | ....b║MMM | ||
+ | ....b║MMM | ||
+ | =====+MMM | ||
− | + | Z -1 | |
− | + | ║.║MMM | |
− | + | ║▲║MMM | |
− | + | ║▲║MMM | |
− | + | ║▲║MMM | |
− | + | ║.║MMM | |
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}} | }} | ||
− | + | Make sure the top z-level is sealed off from miners and '''[[dig]]''' ({{k|d}}-{{k|d}}) the tiles adjacent to the magma on the top z-level. Be sure your miners have an escape route that does '''not''' pass through the magma! | |
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==Properties of magma== | ==Properties of magma== | ||
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Tiles directly adjacent to magma will be heated to a temperature of {{ct|10075}}, causing revealed unmined tiles to flash with {{Tile|☼|6:4:1}} when placing digging designations and causing unrevealed mining-designated tiles to cancel their designation (with a "warm stone" warning) once they are revealed. | Tiles directly adjacent to magma will be heated to a temperature of {{ct|10075}}, causing revealed unmined tiles to flash with {{Tile|☼|6:4:1}} when placing digging designations and causing unrevealed mining-designated tiles to cancel their designation (with a "warm stone" warning) once they are revealed. | ||
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<small><sup>1</sup> - specifically, one of the inorganic materials having the [LAVA] tag, selected randomly ''per biome'' during worldgen.</small> | <small><sup>1</sup> - specifically, one of the inorganic materials having the [LAVA] tag, selected randomly ''per biome'' during worldgen.</small> | ||
==Dangers of magma== | ==Dangers of magma== | ||
− | Any contact with magma results in nearly instant immolation, followed by death if water is not close at hand. Additionally, dropping | + | Any contact with magma results in nearly instant immolation, followed by death if water is not close at hand. Additionally, dropping items into magma can generate clouds of [[magma mist]] which can set your haulers on fire if you aren't careful. |
{{D for Dwarf}} | {{D for Dwarf}} | ||
− | Magma is very well known for being the perfect solution to any problem encountered by dwarves. Giant badger invasion? Pour magma on it. Noble being his usual snotty, useless, arrogant self? Pour magma on it. Door locked due to invaders? Pour magma on it! | + | Magma is very well known for being the perfect solution to any problem encountered by dwarves. Giant badger invasion? Pour magma on it. Noble being his usual snotty, useless, arrogant self? Pour magma on it. Door locked due to invaders? Pour magma on it! |
{{gamedata|{{raw|DF2012:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|INORGANIC}}}} | {{gamedata|{{raw|DF2012:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|INORGANIC}}}} |