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Editing v0.34:Magma
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'''Magma''' is red-hot [[fluid|molten rock]] that wells up from deep within the earth (but not so deep that it cannot be found by dwarves), entering the map either by the edges or by the area beneath a magma pool. Magma that emerges aboveground is called '''Lava'''; however the substance itself remains the same. Magma is very [[Fun]]. | '''Magma''' is red-hot [[fluid|molten rock]] that wells up from deep within the earth (but not so deep that it cannot be found by dwarves), entering the map either by the edges or by the area beneath a magma pool. Magma that emerges aboveground is called '''Lava'''; however the substance itself remains the same. Magma is very [[Fun]]. | ||
− | Magma serves as a heat source, replacing [[fuel]] in [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s, and [[magma kiln]]s. Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to even more [[Fun]] | + | Magma serves as a heat source, replacing [[fuel]] in [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s, and [[magma kiln]]s. Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to even more [[Fun]]. |
− | Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms [[obsidian]] | + | The list of materials that are '''[[magma-safe]]''' is extensive. |
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+ | Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms [[obsidian]]. Note that magma located above [[semi-molten rock]] will be listed as a Magma Flow and cannot be cooled into obsidian. | ||
Without [[screw pump]]s to impart [[pressure]], magma flows rather slowly (though no more slowly than unpressurized water). A pipe to bring magma across the full map can take as much as a year to fill. This, combined with the fact that it will evaporate, can make filling a reservoir difficult and tedious. As a rule of thumb, the area coming out of a 1-wide-pipe shouldn't be more than three squares wide and 20 squares long, or else it will evaporate as fast as you fill it. | Without [[screw pump]]s to impart [[pressure]], magma flows rather slowly (though no more slowly than unpressurized water). A pipe to bring magma across the full map can take as much as a year to fill. This, combined with the fact that it will evaporate, can make filling a reservoir difficult and tedious. As a rule of thumb, the area coming out of a 1-wide-pipe shouldn't be more than three squares wide and 20 squares long, or else it will evaporate as fast as you fill it. | ||
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Although the name suggests them as pools, they are more like pipes. They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some may span more than 100 z-levels. | Although the name suggests them as pools, they are more like pipes. They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some may span more than 100 z-levels. | ||
Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them. | Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them. | ||
− | Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma. The entire embark tile containing the pool will produce sporadic bursts of magma until the magma within it is at its natural level ( | + | Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma. The entire embark tile containing the pool will produce sporadic bursts of magma until the magma within it is at its natural level (ie. the magma level at embark) or until it is halted by a bridge, floor, or bottom of a wall. |
===[[Volcano]]es=== | ===[[Volcano]]es=== | ||
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===[[Magma sea]]=== | ===[[Magma sea]]=== | ||
− | The magma sea is a large body of magma deep under the earth. Nearly all maps will include a magma sea at the lowest z-levels, though | + | The magma sea is a large body of magma deep under the earth. Nearly all maps will include a magma sea at the lowest z-levels, though it's inconvenient placement may inspire your dwarves to [[#Bringing Magma Up|bring the magma up]] to the fortress proper. |
== Finding magma == | == Finding magma == | ||
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'''Diagonal Digging:''' | '''Diagonal Digging:''' | ||
− | Magma moves more slowly diagonally than orthogonally, giving the miner more time to escape. However, slower flow means you must keep in mind the evaporation. You should dig a smaller channel, wait for it to fill up, and extends the channel by Digging From Above. Workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them, but they are set on fire, which will kill them very quickly. For this reason, taking steps to ensure there is adequate water available to extinguish flaming dwarves running in random directions is advised before digging into any magma pools from the side. Channeling a single square wide pit across the planned magma pipe one tile away from the wall to breach and filling it with | + | Magma moves more slowly diagonally than orthogonally, giving the miner more time to escape. However, slower flow means you must keep in mind the evaporation. You should dig a smaller channel, wait for it to fill up, and extends the channel by Digging From Above. Workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them, but they are set on fire, which will kill them very quickly. For this reason, taking steps to ensure there is adequate water available to extinguish flaming dwarves running in random directions is advised before digging into any magma pools from the side. Channeling a single square wide pit across the planned magma pipe one tile away from the wall to breach and filling it with water using the [[Activity zone#Pit/Pond|pond zone]] tool is recommended, so the panicking dwarves have no choice but to run through the water, and the water itself turns into an obsidian wall as soon as the magma flows into it. |
'''Busy To Leave:''' | '''Busy To Leave:''' | ||
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Miners are able to mine out tiles diagonally above them '''even if there is a bridge over their heads'''. First you dig out your magma tunnel to feed magma to wherever in your fort you need it and dig it right up against the volcano pipe. Then you channel a trench against the pipe that can be the width of the tunnel if you wish. Build a magma-safe bridge over the trench, making sure to cover it completely, and then seal off access to the magma tunnel. Dig a new separate path to access the now bridged-over trench. Finally, designate the magma wall '''on the Z level of the magma tunnel''' for mining. Your dwarves will stand in the trench beneath the bridge but will somehow still mine out the squares diagonally above them, causing the magma to flow safely onto the bridge leaving your dwarves unscathed." | Miners are able to mine out tiles diagonally above them '''even if there is a bridge over their heads'''. First you dig out your magma tunnel to feed magma to wherever in your fort you need it and dig it right up against the volcano pipe. Then you channel a trench against the pipe that can be the width of the tunnel if you wish. Build a magma-safe bridge over the trench, making sure to cover it completely, and then seal off access to the magma tunnel. Dig a new separate path to access the now bridged-over trench. Finally, designate the magma wall '''on the Z level of the magma tunnel''' for mining. Your dwarves will stand in the trench beneath the bridge but will somehow still mine out the squares diagonally above them, causing the magma to flow safely onto the bridge leaving your dwarves unscathed." | ||
− | Example | + | Example: |
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− | + | {{Diagram|spaces=yes| | |
− | Z | + | Z 0 |
− | [ | + | ═════╗[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ |
− | ....[#080]╥[#000][ | + | ....[#080]╥[#000][#880]║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ |
− | + | ....[#080]║[#000][#880]║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | |
− | ....[#080] | + | ....[#080]╨[#000][#880]║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ |
− | + | ═════╝[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | |
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− | .... | ||
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+ | Z -1 | ||
+ | ║.║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | ||
+ | ║▲║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | ||
+ | ║▲║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | ||
+ | ║▲║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | ||
+ | ║.║[#F00]≈[#F00]≈[#F00]≈ | ||
+ | }} | ||
Make sure the top z-level is sealed off from miners and '''[[dig]]''' ({{k|d}}-{{k|d}}) the highlighted tiles on the upper z-level. | Make sure the top z-level is sealed off from miners and '''[[dig]]''' ({{k|d}}-{{k|d}}) the highlighted tiles on the upper z-level. | ||
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=== Minecarts === | === Minecarts === | ||
− | [[Minecart]]s submerged in 7/7 magma | + | [[Minecart]]s submerged in 7/7 magma will fill with magma. Minecarts full of magma can be tipped at track stop, which will pour the magma in a specified direction from the stop. Mine cart tracks can be built from the magma sea to the surface. Minecarts used for this must be magma safe. It may also be necessary to build rollers in magma to pull the minecarts out, which would also need to be magma safe. A minecart track can be operated by dwarves or fully automatic, using powered rollers. Depending on the placement of the track stop, dangerous overflow can be prevented by making the track stop of a material that will melt/burn once the reservoir begins to overflow. |
− | + | [[Minecart#Impulse ramps|Impulse ramps]] can be used to get magma-filled carts to whereever they need to go without having to provide power to an extensive system of rollers, and will fully automate bringing magma to the surface. Since such systems require comparatively little designation and magma-safe materials, work can be begun much earlier than some other methods of bringing magma to the surface. | |
− | + | In [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=125679.msg4217863#msg4217863 one design] posted to the forums by gchristopher, a pump can provide power the roller, making the ramp eligible for building the roller, and keeping the trench at 7 magma so the carts fill instantly. | |
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− | In [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=125679.msg4217863#msg4217863 one design] posted to the forums by gchristopher, a pump can provide power | ||
{{diagram|spaces=yes|\ | {{diagram|spaces=yes|\ | ||
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If you extend the right bridge, that tile ceases to be a ramp. Exactly one minecart will fall onto the tile and stay there, and all other minecarts dropped from above will form a quantum pile 1 z-level up. | If you extend the right bridge, that tile ceases to be a ramp. Exactly one minecart will fall onto the tile and stay there, and all other minecarts dropped from above will form a quantum pile 1 z-level up. | ||
− | The last time I | + | The last time I {{who}} built one, I timed the cart dispensing rate at 1 per 8 ticks. This is slow enough that carts can be brought to the surface using an impulse ramp spiral, but fast enough that you can still quickly cover a large area with magma. |
The same design works with water, for giving you a lot of flexibility creating tall waterfalls without pump stacks, quickly and cheaply. | The same design works with water, for giving you a lot of flexibility creating tall waterfalls without pump stacks, quickly and cheaply. | ||
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==Using magma== | ==Using magma== | ||
− | The primary use for magma is to | + | The primary use for magma is to power [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s, [[magma kiln]]s, and [[magma forge]]s. To power a building with magma at least one of the external eight squares must be a hole above a square of magma on the level below. Placing one of the workshop's [[impassable tile]]s above the magma conveniently prevents clumsy dwarves from falling in. Magma used for power is not consumed; a single tile of magma can operate the furnace indefinitely. |
− | Other uses for magma include [[obsidian farming]], [[ | + | Other uses for magma include [[obsidian farming]], [[trap design]], melting [[ice]], igniting [[fire]]s, and even [[garbage disposal]]. |
==Properties of magma== | ==Properties of magma== | ||
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==Dangers of magma== | ==Dangers of magma== | ||
− | Any contact with magma results in nearly instant immolation, followed by death if water is not close at hand. Additionally, dropping | + | Any contact with magma results in nearly instant immolation, followed by death if water is not close at hand. Additionally, dropping items into magma can generate clouds of [[magma mist]] which can set your haulers on fire if you aren't careful. Magma is also home to various fiery creatures which can present a significant threat to unprepared fortresses. |
{{D for Dwarf}} | {{D for Dwarf}} | ||
− | Magma is very well known for being the perfect solution to any problem encountered by dwarves. Giant badger invasion? Pour magma on it. Noble being his usual snotty, useless, arrogant self? Pour magma on it. Door locked due to invaders? Pour magma on it! Flooded your fortress with magma? | + | Magma is very well known for being the perfect solution to any problem encountered by dwarves. Giant badger invasion? Pour magma on it. Noble being his usual snotty, useless, arrogant self? Pour magma on it. Door locked due to invaders? Pour magma on it! Flooded your fortress with magma? Pour... Um, wait a minute... |
{{gamedata|{{raw|DF2012:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|INORGANIC}}}} | {{gamedata|{{raw|DF2012:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|INORGANIC}}}} |