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Difference between revisions of "Dwarven language"

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* ''c'', ''f'', and ''v'' are always followed by a vowel.
 
* ''c'', ''f'', and ''v'' are always followed by a vowel.
 
* [[wikipedia: syllable structure|Syllable structure]] (C)<sup>2</sup>V(C)<sup>2</sup>.
 
* [[wikipedia: syllable structure|Syllable structure]] (C)<sup>2</sup>V(C)<sup>2</sup>.
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==Diacritic meaning==
 +
The dwarven language has five diacritics ([[wikipedia:Grave accent|◌̀]], [[wikipedia:Acute accent|◌́]], [[wikipedia:Circumflex|◌̂]], [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|◌̈]], and [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|◌̊]]) used on five vowels (''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', and ''u''). The ring accent only appears on ''a'' and the diaeresis accent doesn't appear on ''u''.
 +
 +
An analysis of the known vocabulary shows that there are never two diacritics in any one word. This points Dwarven away from being a traditional tonal language. Instead, it is probable that these diacritics point to Dwarven having a [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|pitch accent]] system. The key difference is that in a full tonal language a tone can be applied to each individual syllable, whereas in languages with pitch accent only allow a tone to be applied to one syllable per word.
 +
 +
The choice of diacritics is a little bit confusing and makes it hard to decipher their meaning.
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
 +
! Diacritic
 +
! Diacritic name
 +
! Use in other languages
 +
! Probable meaning
 +
|-
 +
| ◌
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| None
 +
| -
 +
| Neutral pitch
 +
|-
 +
| ◌̀
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| [[wikipedia:Grave accent|Grave accent]]
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| Low pitch, stressed vowels, open vowels, short vowels.
 +
| Low pitch
 +
|-
 +
| ◌́
 +
| [[wikipedia:Acute accent|Acute accent]]
 +
| High pitch, stressed vowels, close vowels, long vowels.
 +
| High pitch
 +
|-
 +
| ◌̂
 +
| [[wikipedia:Circumflex|Circumflex]]
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| Used to represent falling pitch or long vowels.
 +
| Falling pitch
 +
|-
 +
| ◌̈
 +
| [[wikipedia:Diaeresis (diacritic)|Diaeresis (diacritic)]]
 +
| Used to that a vowel should be read separate (like in ''coöperate''). This is certainly not its use in Dwarven because there are no diphthongs.
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| Mid pitch
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|-
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| ◌̊
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| [[wikipedia:Ring (diacritic)|Ring (diacritic)]]
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| ''Å'' is a completely separate letter from ''A'' in various Nordic alphabets. And this diacritic is only used on ''a'' in Dwarven...
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| Rising pitch <!--probably...-->
 +
|}
 +
 +
The coincidence of ''Å'' being a separate letter in the Nordic alphabets and the ring diacritic only being used on A in Dwarven is probably just that, a coincidence. If ''Å'' is distinguished from ''A'' in Dwarven, then it is quite strange that no other accents are ever applied to it.
  
 
==Vocabulary==
 
==Vocabulary==

Revision as of 22:00, 1 March 2016

Not to be confused with Khuzdul.

The Dwarven language is one of the four languages the player will come across, besides Elvish, Human and Goblin. This language is used in-game for the names of the universe, continents, rivers, dwarven governments and settlements, dwarves, artifacts and engravings. However, as of yet, it lacks everything necessary for proper conversation, like grammar or personal pronouns.

Alphabet

The letters of the Dwarven alphabet are:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A À Á Â Ä Å B C D E È É Ê Ë F G H I Ì Í Î Ï K L M N O Ò Ó Ô Ö R S T U Ù Ú Û V Z
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a à á â ä å b c d e è é ê ë f g h i ì í î ï k l m n o ò ó ô ö r s t u ù ú û v z

Of these 40 letters, 25 are vowels (A, À, Á, Â, Ä, Å, E, È, É, Ê, Ë, I, Ì, Í, Î, Ï, O, Ò, Ó, Ô, Ö, U, Ù, Ú, Û); the 15 others are consonants.

The letters J, P, Q, W, X, and Y of the ISO basic Latin alphabet do not occur in the Dwarven alphabet.

Letter frequency

N Letter Frequency
1 A 7.91%
2 À 0.13%
3 Á 0.16%
4 Â 0.31%
5 Ä 0.30%
6 Å 0.28%
7 B 2.75%
8 C 0.48%
9 D 3.81%
10 E 6.29%
11 È 0.14%
12 É 0.13%
13 Ê 0.26%
14 Ë 0.27%
15 F 0.45%
16 G 3.95%
17 H 5.49%
18 I 6.21%
19 Ì 0.14%
20 Í 0.15%
21 Î 0.33%
22 Ï 0.28%
23 K 4.39%
24 L 5.84%
25 M 4.69%
26 N 5.67%
27 O 6.53%
28 Ò 0.16%
29 Ó 0.17%
30 Ô 0.24%
31 Ö 0.29%
32 R 5.95%
33 S 8.57%
34 T 8.39%
35 U 5.51%
36 Ù 0.14%
37 Ú 0.12%
38 Û 0.27%
39 V 0.78%
40 Z 2.06%

Graphemics

Diacritic meaning

The dwarven language has five diacritics (◌̀, ◌́, ◌̂, ◌̈, and ◌̊) used on five vowels (a, e, i, o, and u). The ring accent only appears on a and the diaeresis accent doesn't appear on u.

An analysis of the known vocabulary shows that there are never two diacritics in any one word. This points Dwarven away from being a traditional tonal language. Instead, it is probable that these diacritics point to Dwarven having a pitch accent system. The key difference is that in a full tonal language a tone can be applied to each individual syllable, whereas in languages with pitch accent only allow a tone to be applied to one syllable per word.

The choice of diacritics is a little bit confusing and makes it hard to decipher their meaning.

Diacritic Diacritic name Use in other languages Probable meaning
◌ None - Neutral pitch
◌̀ Grave accent Low pitch, stressed vowels, open vowels, short vowels. Low pitch
◌́ Acute accent High pitch, stressed vowels, close vowels, long vowels. High pitch
◌̂ Circumflex Used to represent falling pitch or long vowels. Falling pitch
◌̈ Diaeresis (diacritic) Used to that a vowel should be read separate (like in coöperate). This is certainly not its use in Dwarven because there are no diphthongs. Mid pitch
◌̊ Ring (diacritic) Å is a completely separate letter from A in various Nordic alphabets. And this diacritic is only used on a in Dwarven... Rising pitch

The coincidence of Å being a separate letter in the Nordic alphabets and the ring diacritic only being used on A in Dwarven is probably just that, a coincidence. If Å is distinguished from A in Dwarven, then it is quite strange that no other accents are ever applied to it.

Vocabulary

Main articles: Noun dictionary, Verb dictionary, Adjective dictionary, and Prefix dictionary

The average word in the Dwarven language is 5.084 letters long. The longest known word is ngathsesh, meaning "puke".

Notes

Interestingly, the language lacks words like dwarf (possibly bistök-udos, "hairy man"), human (technically they have udos ("man")), goblin or elf (though one could use dák-enur ("tree-hug") for that). However, it is not lacking words for "pearl" (kovest) or "pumpkin" (fongbez) which do not even exist in-universe.

The letter W does not exist elsewhere in Dwarven language, so it is unlikely that the word "dwarf" is the native moniker of dwarves for themselves. However "dwarf" might be adopted from the original dwarven word for their own kind, and similarly they might call other races by their respective chosen monikers. "Dwarf" would then be some another language's approximation of the native Dwarven pronunciation, whose correct Dwarvish spelling could purely hypothetically resemble forms such as "dorf" or "dvôrfum".

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