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#REDIRECT [[Stone]]
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:''This article is about DF geology and the distribution of stones, and does not contain the specific locations of [[ore]]s or [[gem]]s.  For that, as well as a general introduction to the new player, see [[The Non-Dwarf's Guide to Rock]]''
 
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:{{For/see|a list of stone sorted by tile|[[Tilesets#Stones|Tilesets § Stones]]}}{{catbox|DF2014:Stone}}
 
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'''A quick note on terminology''':<br>
 
−
The term "'''stone'''" can refer to two different but related concepts, depending if you're talking about "stone" or "a stone". When referring to stone as general material, it encompasses all non-organic material that is not specifically [[soil]], [[metal]] or [[gem]]s, as in ''"The stone layer was mostly granite"'' or ''"The stone was dug out to make room for workshops"''.  When referring to a stone, the round item left over from [[mining]], it refers to the specific object of raw material that is carried to a workshop of some type, or can be used as-is for [[construction]], and that round item can be either stone (in the first sense)  or a [[gem]] or an [[ore]] of some [[metal]], as in ''"The stones left over were mostly granite with some gold"'' or ''"The stones dug out had to be removed to make room for the workshops"''.  It's usually obvious from the context, but either 1) the non-ore/non-gem stuff in general, or 2) a single unit of stone/ore/gem that can be carried away - just to be clear.
 
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[[File:stone_prev.png|200px|right]]An unmined '''rock''' or '''stone''' tile is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. [[Mining]] a rock tile leaves behind a '''loose stone''' (or just "a stone") roughly 25% of the time. Other types of minable tiles include [[soil]], [[sand]], and [[clay]]; these tiles do not produce loose stones when mined. 
 
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Loose stones are divided into a few key categories:
 
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* [[Ore]]: stones that produce [[metal|metal bars]] when [[Smelter|smelted]]
 
−
* Rough [[gem]]s: rough gems can be [[gem cutting|cut]], then used to [[encrust]] objects and create [[window]]s.
 
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* Other stone: all other stones. Few of these have a use outside of items and structures ([[obsidian]] being a notable exception).
 
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[[Economic stone]]s are types of stone that can be reserved for a special purpose. For [[ore]]s, this is smelting, and for [[flux|fluxes]], this is steel production. [[Bituminous coal]] and [[lignite]] can be reserved for making [[coke]].
 
−
 
 
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Having created loose stone, most of the time you'll want to get rid of it, or at least move it someplace else. See [[stone management]] for advice.
 
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If you are having the opposite problem, and find yourself running out of stone, try making [[block|stone blocks]].
 
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== Main layer types ==
 
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{{main|Stone layers}}
 
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There are four types of stone [[stone layers|layer]]s (plus [[soil]], which is not stone). The type of layer is the primary indicator of what kind of [[ore]]s you are likely to find on the map, as well as a sign of [[volcano|volcanic]] activity.
 
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The types are [[sedimentary layer]]s, [[igneous intrusive layer]]s, [[igneous extrusive layer]]s, and [[metamorphic layer]]s.
 
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The primary types of rock only occur in their own layers. (e.g. you won't find [[limestone]] in a [[marble]] layer.)
 
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== Stones forming entire layers ==
 
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These types of stone occur as entire layers, containing some [[vein|veins and pockets]] of other minerals (see below).<br /><br />
 
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{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" -valign="top"
 
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|-
 
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! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]
 
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! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]
 
−
! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]
 
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! style="background:#efefef;" | [[Metamorphic layer|Metamorphic]]
 
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|-valign="top"
 
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|style="padding: 0"|
 
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* {{Raw Tile|░|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Chalk]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|&#61;|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Chert]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Claystone]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|∞|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Conglomerate]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Dolomite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Limestone]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|≈|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Mudstone]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|#|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Rock salt]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Sandstone]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Shale]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Siltstone]]
 
−
 
 
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|style="padding: 0"|
 
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* {{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Diorite]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Gabbro]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Granite]]
 
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|style="padding: 0"|
 
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* {{Raw Tile|∞|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Andesite]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Basalt]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Dacite]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Obsidian]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|,|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Rhyolite]]
 
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|style="padding: 0"|
 
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* {{Raw Tile|&#61;|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Gneiss]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|▓|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Marble]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|-|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} [[Phyllite]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} [[Quartzite]] {{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}}
 
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* {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} [[Schist]]
 
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* {{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} [[Slate]]
 
−
 
 
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|}
 
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:{{Raw Tile|≈|4:1}} - [[Magma-safe]]
 
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== Other Stone  ==
 
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Stones found on this table will occur as [[vein|pockets and veins]] inside their respective stone layers (see above). When your miners newly encounter one of them you will receive an announcement, even for the ones that have no use other than to build constructions of unusual colors. Note that the veins or clusters can spread into other layers, and may cause some layers to contain stones they usually wouldn't. A few of these stones, such as [[olivine]], have other, more interesting minerals appear inside them.
 
−
 
 
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Non-layer stone formations occur in one of three shapes: large clusters, veins, and small clusters. ''(See [[Vein|Veins & Clusters]] for full info.)''
 
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''The following table does not contain [[ore]]s and [[gem]]s.''
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" cellspacing="0" border="1" cellpadding="5"
 
−
|-
 
−
! Icons
 
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! Name
 
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! Found in
 
−
! [[Fire-safe]]
 
−
! [[Magma-safe]]
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|^|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alabaster]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Alunite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Anhydrite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Bauxite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|☼|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|☼|0:1}}||[[Bituminous coal]]||All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Borax]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Brimstone]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)''', [[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Calcite]]||[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|&#61;|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Chromite]]||[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|£|4:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|*|4:1}}||[[Cinnabar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', [[Shale]]'''(V)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(V)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|£|1:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|*|1:1}}||[[Cobaltite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Cryolite]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|o|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Graphite]]||[[Gneiss]]'''(S)''', [[Quartzite]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)''', [[Schist]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|#|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Gypsum]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|"|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Hornblende]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Ilmenite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|░|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Jet]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|&#61;|4:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}||[[Kaolinite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|1:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|1:0}}||[[Kimberlite]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(V)'''||  Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|*|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Lignite]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(V)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Marcasite]]||[[Kaolinite]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Mica]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|3:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|3:1}}||[[Microcline]]||All Stone'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Olivine]]||[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|-|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orpiment]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Orthoclase]]||All [[Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Periclase]]||[[Marble]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Petrified wood]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Pitchblende]]||[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|Θ|6:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}||[[Puddingstone]]||[[Conglomerate]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|0:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}||[[Pyrolusite]]||All [[Igneous]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}||[[Realgar]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|5:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}||[[Rutile]]||All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|x|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Saltpeter]]||All [[Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Satinspar]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|;|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Selenite]]||[[Gypsum]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|≈|2:7:0}}  {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}||[[Serpentine]]||[[Olivine]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
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|{{Raw Tile|%|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}||[[Stibnite]]||All [[Igneous extrusive]]'''(S)'''|| ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|&#61;|6:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}||[[Sylvite]]||[[Rock salt]]'''(L)'''|| Yes ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|&#124;|7:7:1}}  {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}||[[Talc]]||[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''|| Yes || Yes
 
−
|}
 
−
:'''(L)''' - occurs in large clusters
 
−
:'''(V)''' - occurs in veins
 
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:'''(S)''' - occurs in small clusters
 
−
:'''(1)''' - occurs in individual tiles
 
−
 
 
−
== By Color ==
 
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For those concerned with aesthetics and wanting to know which stones are available in each color.
 
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{| border = 1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
 
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|-
 
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!width="90"|  Color
 
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!width="45%"| Non-economic stones
 
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!width="25%"| Economic stones
 
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! Ore
 
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|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|7:1}} White
 
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|[[Alunite]], [[Borax]], [[Cryolite]], [[Marcasite]], [[Periclase]], [[Quartzite]] (L), [[Rock salt]] (L), [[Talc]]
 
−
|[[Alabaster]], [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]] (L), [[Dolomite]] (L), [[Limestone]] (L), [[Marble]] (L), [[Satinspar]], [[Selenite]]
 
−
|[[Galena]], [[Horn silver]], [[Native aluminum]], [[Native platinum]], [[Native silver]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|7:0}} Light Gray
 
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|[[Anhydrite]], [[Dacite]] (L), [[Gneiss]] (L), [[Granite]] (L), [[Phyllite]] (L), [[Stibnite]]
 
−
|
 
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|[[Bismuthinite]]
 
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|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|0:1}} Dark Gray
 
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|[[Andesite]] (L), [[Basalt]] (L), [[Chromite]], [[Claystone]] (L), [[Diorite]] (L), [[Gabbro]] (L), [[Graphite]], [[Hornblende]], [[Ilmenite]], [[Jet]], [[Mica]], [[Pyrolusite]], [[Rhyolite]] (L), [[Shale]] (L), [[Slate]]
 
−
|[[Bituminous coal]], [[Lignite]], [[Obsidian]] (L)
 
−
|[[Magnetite]], [[Sphalerite]], [[Tetrahedrite]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|6:0}} Brown
 
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|[[Chert]] (L), [[Conglomerate]] (L), [[Mudstone]] (L), [[Puddingstone]], [[Sandstone]] (L), [[Schist]] (L), [[Siltstone]] (L)
 
−
|
 
−
|[[Cassiterite]], [[Native copper]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|6:1}} Yellow
 
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|[[Brimstone]], [[Orpiment]], [[Orthoclase]], [[Saltpeter]], [[Sylvite]]
 
−
|[[Gypsum]]
 
−
|[[Limonite]], [[Native gold]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|4:0}} Dark Red
 
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|[[Bauxite]]
 
−
|[[Kaolinite]]
 
−
|[[Hematite]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|4:1}} Red
 
−
|[[Cinnabar]], [[Petrified wood]], [[Realgar]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|2:0}} Green
 
−
|[[Olivine]], [[Serpentine]]
 
−
|
 
−
|[[Malachite]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
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|{{Raw Tile|•|2:1}} Bright Green
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|[[Garnierite]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:0}} Teal
 
−
|colspan="3"| None
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|3:1}} Cyan
 
−
|[[Microcline]]
 
−
|
 
−
|[[Raw adamantine]]
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:1}} Blue
 
−
|[[Cobaltite]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|1:0}} Dark Blue
 
−
|[[Kimberlite]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:0}} Purple
 
−
|[[Pitchblende]], [[Rutile]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-valign="top"
 
−
|{{Raw Tile|•|5:1}} Magenta
 
−
|colspan="3"| None
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
== DF Geology and Geology in Real Life ==
 
−
 
 
−
The geology and stones of ''Dwarf Fortress'' are based (to some extent) on real-world geology and mineralogy. To understand the terms used here, you may want to crack open a geology textbook (a high school one should suffice). If you don't happen to have one close by, the Wikipedia articles for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology geology], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy mineralogy], or the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_layers terms in question] might help.  Below is a very brief introduction tailored for DF gamers, with links to the relevant game-specific pages.
 
−
 
 
−
In geological terminology, a rock or stone is basically a composite of minerals.  Minerals, the building blocks of rock, are hard inorganic materials with a definite chemical formula and a certain atomic structure.  For example, the mineral quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) arranged in a pyramid structure.  Quartz is a component mineral of rocks (stones) such as [[quartzite]] (almost entirely made of quartz) or [[granite]] (some 20~60% quartz, a bunch more of the mineral "feldspar", plus [[mica]] and some others).  The distinction between minerals like [[mica]] (simple) and rocks like [[granite]] (composite) does not matter for ''Dwarf Fortress''; just like in everyday language, they're all just "stones".  Besides minerals, some rocks may include organic material; such rocks include [[bituminous coal]] (made of dead bog things) or [[limestone]] (made of the skeletons of ocean animals).
 
−
 
 
−
<gallery>
 
−
Museo de La Plata - Cuarcita.jpg|Quartzite stone, made mostly of quartz mineral.
 
−
Dark Mica from Eastern Ontario.jpg|Mica, a mineral.
 
−
GRANIT KANTSTEIN.jpg|Granite stone. The whitest grains are [[rock crystal|quartz crystals]], while the dark ones are [[mica]].
 
−
Coal bituminous.jpg|Bituminous coal.
 
−
Xenocrinus baeri fossil crinoids in fossiliferous limestone (Whitewater Formation, Upper Ordovician; northeastern Warren County, southwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (15115228788).jpg|Limestone, this one still with skeletons.
 
−
</gallery>
 
−
 
 
−
The three minerals seen in [[granite]] are also among the most common:
 
−
 
 
−
* '''Feldspar''', meaning something like "field-stone", is actually a general name for an entire family of minerals, all of them based on aluminum and silicon.  Their appearance varies, but they tends toward light greyish colors, and make up a lot of your typical light stone.  Feldspar doesn't exist independently in the DF world; but, among the in-game stones, [[microcline]] and [[orthoclase]] are flavors of feldspar, and countless other DF stones would include feldspar in real life.  A stone with a lot of feldspars and silicon is said to be '''felsic'''; granite and [[rhyolite]] are in-game examples.
 
−
* '''Quartz''', meaning "hard", easily makes big showy crystals; it's transparent if [[Rock crystal|pure]], but if the SiO₂ is combined with  trace amounts of other elements (often metals like iron and manganese), it can get colored [[Rose quartz|pink]], purple ([[amethyst]]), yellow ([[citrine]]), and so on. If bubbly with air, quartz may become [[Milk quartz|milky]]; if irradiated, it may get [[Smoky quartz|smoky]].
 
−
* '''Micas''', like quartz, have silicon atoms crystalline structures.  The difference is that they're organized in sheet-like, gleaming surfaces, held together by weaker bonds of other elements; this makes micas soft and flaky (the word means "grainy").  The color varies.  The in-game stone [[mica]] is stated to be muscovite, which is a light variety (but the game color is dark gray, like coal; this may be a mistake).  Other micas can be dark.
 
−
 
 
−
Other minerals that exist independently in DF include green [[olivine]] (yes, it's named after olives) and black [[hornblende]], which is similar to dark mica but forms needlelike crystals.  Dark minerals like these often include magnesium and iron (Fe); stones rich in them are then termed '''mafic''' (in contrast with "felsic").  In-game mafic stones include [[basalt]] and [[gabbro]].
 
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On the white side, [[calcite]] is a mineral based on calcium, the same stuff as bones.  It forms crystals, and occurs in DF as an unremarkable white stone.  Calcite is a main component of [[limestone]] and [[chalk]]—which in turn can become [[marble]];  it's often formed from the accumulated remains of ancient marine animals (for a memorable use of chalk stone layers in high fantasy, check out Terry Pratchett's novel ''The Wee Free Men'' and its sequels).  The most well-known marine mineral is surely table salt, present in DF as [[rock salt]].  It's formed when saltwater evaporates; another evaporative mineral, or "evaporite", is [[gypsum]], which, in DF as in real life, can be used to make [[Gypsum plaster|plaster casts]]
 
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<gallery>
 
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Perthitic feldspar Dan Patch SD.jpg|Feldspars, the most common minerals, are often light-colored and "stony".
 
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File:Muscovite-121758.jpg|[[Mica]] is a flaky, crumbly and sheet-like mineral. This is the lighter flavor "muscovite", present in DF.
 
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File:Columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg|[[Basalt]] is a mafic rock; that is, it includes magnesium (ma-) and iron (-fic), giving it a dark color. It's made from cooled [[Magma|lava]], and makes the larger part of the ocean floor in real life.
 
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File:Mineral Olivino GDFL046.jpg|The dark green mafic mineral [[olivine]] is a component of many basalts.
 
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File:Cristales cueva de Naica.JPG|A large cluster of [[gypsum]] crystals (human for scale).
 
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</gallery>
 
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Rocks can be classified by their creation processes, which makes them settle down in distinct [[stone layers]], and possibly in [[vein|veins and clusters]].  DF models this too, so that it's quite relevant information for players; see the links for details.
 
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An [[ore]] is a rock with a metal content high enough for it to be a viable source of that metal.  Most metals do not occur by themselves in nature, but readily bind with minerals to form stones; e.g. [[zinc]] binds with sulfur minerals to form the rock [[sphalerite]].  To extract the metal from it, [[Furnace operator|someone]] has to [[Smelter|smelt]] the stone.  A few metals may be found in pure form, like [[native gold]] and [[native silver|silver]] (but in DF, they still require smelting to be shaped into useable [[bars]]).
 
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<gallery widths="200">
 
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Sphalerite-43245.jpg|Sphalerite, an ore of zinc.
 
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Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|Zinc metal.
 
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Zlato 2.jpg|Native gold in rock.
 
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</gallery>
 
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A [[gem]] is a mineral (or rock, or rock-like material) with intrinsic economic value for a culture, often because they're beautiful, durable, and/or rare. This depends not just on what the mineral is made of, but also on the internal layout of its atomic structure, which can dramatically alter its appearance and properties; see the article on gems for more.
 
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<gallery widths="200">
 
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Uncut Rose Quartz.jpg|[[Rose quartz]] is made of the same basic quartz as quartzite (above), but its atoms are ordered into neatly arranged pyramid shapes, resulting in a shiny, transparent, faceted material.
 
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Rose quartz drops.jpg|After being [[Gem cutting|cut]] by an [[Gem cutter|expert craftsdwarf]], the hidden beauty of the rough gem is revealed.
 
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</gallery>
 
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{{DF2014 stones}}{{materials}}
 
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{{Translation
 
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| dwarven = lam
 
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| elvish  = queca
 
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| goblin  = ngomstu
 
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| human  = ado
 
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}}
 
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{{Category|Materials}}
 
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[[ru:Stone]]
 

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