Editing Double-slit method

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[[File:Double-slit-name.png|frame|right|The two eponymous slits are highlighted]]

QuantumMenace has developed a very easy method to dig through an [[aquifer]] of unknown depth commonly known as the '''double-slit method'''. Its name derives from two channeled-out slits at the sides of a 2&times;2 area.

The slits are used to break into the aquifer layer below, hence their ramps are flooded (blue). Water can be pumped from one slit to another slightly faster than the aquifer is flooding it. While a dwarf operates the pump, another dwarf can access the source slit via the ramp and seal off the surrounding walls of the aquifer one by one.

== Draining an aquifer ==

Before we will have a look at the double-slit method itself, it is good to know these basic things about the aquifers and how to drain them.

'''Remember:''' Aquifer blocks are blocks of earth that '''''produce''''' water but '''''absorb''''' it as well. We can drain an aquifer into itself, regardless if it's 1 z-level tall or multiple z-levels.

=== Draining across multiple z-levels ===

QuantumMenace's double slit method uses this kind of aquifer draining for all but the lowest aquifer level. Once one of the lower aquifer levels has been cracked open, it can absorb all of the water being produced by the aquifer level above it. 

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aquifer draining.png|left|350px|]]
|}

=== Drain within one z-level ===

The double-slit method uses this for the lowest level of an aquifer layer. Here we pump out the water from a tile being flooded by the aquifer to the level above it (which is already secured) and let it flow back down to another tile where it becomes absorbed by the same aquifer layer again. Note that the target tile of the aquifer must be cracked open (e.g. by downstairs or a channel) to be able to receive water.

{|class="wikitable1" style="padding-top: 2em"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aquifer_pump_scheme.png|left|600px|Water flow between the two slits.]]
|}

== Tutorial embark setup ==
The double-slit method will be presented in the form of a play-along tutorial. Practice it first on an embark which you don't intend to play after you've made it through the aquifer. Try to embark at some forested place near the ocean where multi-level aquifers are almost guaranteed. Take this embark setup:

* 1 Proficient Miner
* 2 Proficient Carpenters
* 1 Proficient Wood cutter

You can sell the anvil, one pick, and all quivers, splints and crutches to buy loads of wooden logs. It will save you time cutting down trees. Make sure you keep at least one battle axe and pick to cut down trees and mine.

== Procedure ==

=== Preparation ===

Using your logs of wood, build a carpenter's workshop and craft all the parts necessary to build a pump, i.e.:

* a [[block]]
* an [[Trap_components#Enormous_corkscrew|enormous corkscrew]]
* a [[pipe section]]

Then order wooden blocks on repeat. You can also designate a few nearby trees for chopping in case your embark logs run low. 

Since the below steps will involve a tremendous amount of job cancellations that require pausing and un-suspending construction, designate a meeting zone directly above the dig site to ensure a steady and close supply of free dwarves to respond each time.  Now is also a good time to enable Pump Operating (under Engineering) on as many dwarves as possible to ensure steady water pumping.

=== Find out what you are dealing with  ===

==== Access the aquifer ====

Dig a 2&times;2 staircase down to the aquifer

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Safe-layer.png‎|frame|left|Your last non-aquifer layer]]
| [[File:Aq01.png‎|frame|left|Your first aquifer layer]]
|}

==== Check whether there is more than one level of the aquifer ====

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq02.png‎‎|frame|left|Dig downstairs next to your 2&times;2 stairs.]]
| [[File:Aq03.png‎|frame|left|Dig up/down stairs into the aquifer below. Use {{K|.}} One-Step!]]
|}

When digging the up/down stair into the aquifer, pause the game and use {{K|.}} One-Step to see the revealed tile below the first aquifer level before it gets flooded.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq04.png‎‎|frame|left|The up/down stairs have just been dug and are not yet flooded.]]
| [[File:Aq05.png‎|frame|left|Check the description of the tile revealed below them.]]
|}

If it says "Damp X" (X is the name of the stone/soil), it is another aquifer level and we proceed [[#Dealing with the upper aquifer levels|dealing with the upper aquifer levels]]. If it is regular stone (not damp), we will be [[#Dealing with the lowest aquifer level|dealing with the lowest aquifer level]].

=== Dealing with the upper aquifer levels ===

We want to drain one level of the aquifer into another further below.

==== Drain the upper aquifer level to the lower one ====

We need access to the lower aquifer level and crack it open.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq06.png‎|frame|left|Dig down stairs left and right of your 2&times;2 stairs.]]
| [[File:Aq07.png‎|frame|left|Dig up/down stairs into the aquifer level below. They will quickly become flooded.]]
|}

Now we will pump the water from one slit into the other. A pump can only be placed on a floor, not a staircase.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq08.png‎|frame|left|Construct two floor tiles instead of two up/down stairs between the slits.]]
| [[File:Aq09.png‎|frame|left|Build a screw pump there (e.g. pumping from the west).]]
|}

Unfortunately, this pump won't work if there is stairs in its source tile.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq10.png‎|frame|left|Remove the downstairs from the source tile (channel it out).]]
| [[File:Aq11.png‎|frame|left|Start pumping.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq12.png‎|frame|left|Now your miner can access the stairs previously flooded.]]
| [[File:Aq13.png‎|frame|left|Mine two up/downstairs into the lower aquifer level. Use {{K|.}} One-Step!]]
|}

Here, too, you should {{K|.}} One-Step to peek under the second layer of your aquifer to know what you will have to deal with further below. Once the up/down stairs are dug, disassemble the pump, turn it to the other direction and dig more stairs there. (Don't forget to channel out the downstairs in the pump's source tile.) You should end up with something like this:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq14.png‎|frame|left|Lowest non-aquifer level (or a secured aquifer level)]]
| [[File:Aq15.png‎|frame|left|First aquifer level (being drained into the level below)]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq16.png‎|frame|left|Second aquifer level (receiving aquifer water from above)]]
| [[File:Aq17.png‎|frame|left|The level below the second aquifer level]]
|}

Now you can stop and dismantle the pump. The upper aquifer level is being drained into the lower one and is accessible without the help of a pump.

==== Secure the upper aquifer level ====

You can now secure the upper aquifer level by cautiously walling it off. The procedure described here takes about one in-game month per level of aquifer. It involves building walls to seal the aquifer off. To build walls more quickly, build them out of [[block]]s, rather than stone or wood. To get the least amount of job cancellations, build them in the order suggested here.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq18.png‎|frame|left|Dig the aquifer tiles to the north and south of the slits.]]
| [[File:Aq19.png‎|frame|left|Build walls there.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq20.png‎|frame|left|Dig and build walls here.]]
| [[File:Aq21.png‎|frame|left|Dig and build walls here.]]
|}

Now the water from the aquifer will start to push your miners and workers around, so be careful and do this step by step. Expect some job cancellations. You can minimize them by building out of blocks (e.g. wood blocks) rather than normal logs (or stone):

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq22.png‎|frame|left|Dig one staircase.]]
| [[File:Aq23.png‎|frame|left|Dig one wall.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq24.png‎|frame|left|Build one wall.]]
| [[File:Aq25.png‎|frame|left|Proceed until you have this.]]
|}

Now you have secured one level of the aquifer. If there are at least two other levels below this one, you can repeat the procedure described in [[#Dealing with the upper aquifer levels|Dealing with the upper aquifer levels]]. Else, follow the procedure described in [[#Dealing with the lowest aquifer level|Dealing with the lowest aquifer level]].

=== Dealing with the lowest aquifer level ===

If you have come here after you've been drilling through one or more aquifer levels above, your starting point looks like this:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq25.png‎|frame|left|Secured level above the lowest aquifer layer]]
|}

Or you were just lucky and have encountered only a one-level aquifer. In that case you are starting with this:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq26.png‎|frame|left|Secured level above the lowest aquifer layer]]
|}

In any case, we must now prepare our grounds for pumping the last aquifer level from one slit to another. 

==== Preparing the grounds ====

If you have nothing but your probing downstairs, you'll be done with this step in no time:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq27.png‎|frame|left|Dig three channels and build floors for a pump.]]
| [[File:Aq28.png‎|frame|left|Build a pump pumping from the west.]]
|}

Once you have this, you can skip the rest of this section and proceed with [[#Walling off the last aquifer level|Walling off the last aquifer level]].

If, however, your slits are filled with nothing but up/down stairs, things become more complicated. Pumps cannot pump from a source tile which has stairs. Yet you must keep both slits accessible for your dwarves. Therefore:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq29.png‎|frame|left|Replace two of your up/down stairs with floors.]]
| [[File:Aq30.png‎|frame|left|Channel out the source tile for the pump.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq31.png‎|frame|left|Build the pump (here: pumping from the east).]]
| [[File:Aq32.png‎|frame|left|Start pumping and build a ramp in the pump's source tile in lowest aquifer level.]]
|}

Don't dig out both stairs of a slit. The slit must remain accessible at all times. Either via a ramp or via stairs. Only now when you have built the ramp which will serve your dwarf for accessing the slit, you can prepare the next tile of the slit like this:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq33.png‎|frame|left|Channel out the other tile of the slit.]]
| [[File:Aq34.png‎|frame|left|While pumping, build another ramp there.]]
|}

Now we need to move the pump onto the other pair of stairs, but must be careful to not lose access to this level from above. We proceed this way:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq35.png‎|frame|left|Deconstruct the pump and the floor.]]
| [[File:Aq36.png‎|frame|left|Construct up/down stairs to keep this level accessible. Make sure they connect to other stairs in the level above.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq37.png‎|frame|left|Build floor on top of the other pair of stairs.]]
| [[File:Aq38.png‎|frame|left|Build a pump (pumping from the west) and channel out its source tile.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq39.png‎|frame|left|Start pumping and build a ramp in the pump's source tile in lowest aquifer level.]]
| [[File:Aq40.png‎|frame|left|This is what your lowest secured level should look like now.]]
|}

You can now proceed with [[#Walling off the last aquifer level|Walling off the last aquifer level]].

==== Walling off the last aquifer level ====

This part will take you 2–3 months in-game time. You start this step with either of these scenarios:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq28.png|frame|left|Your lowest dry level if you haven't been digging through aquifer yet.]]
| [[File:Aq40.png‎|frame|left|Your lowest dry level if you have been digging through aquifer.]]
|}

They only differ in a down vs. up/down staircase and constructed vs. natural walls or stairs. The procedure from now is the same for both of them. Since multi-level aquifers are more [[Fun]], we will use the latter one for the rest of this tutorial.

As you will be constructing walls in an aquifer layer, the construction will get suspended very often. Yet every time your carpenters or masons get the chance to touch the wall, its construction will proceed a little bit and will be done eventually. Just be patient and keep unsuspending the work. Constructing these walls out of blocks rather than usual logs or stones speeds it all up considerably.

Keep an eye on your pump operator for any status arrows--it's best to temporarily stop pumping and switch operators when none of your dwarves are down in the trench. It's also a good idea to order and build a couple [[bed]]s so foolish dwarves don't decide to nap in the trench. 

Note that dwarves cannot construct a wall if they only can access it diagonally. Hence you will need to build the hardly accessible walls first. Best you follow this tutorial exactly.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq41.png|frame|left|Start the pump and dig these two walls.]]
| [[File:Aq42.png‎|frame|left|Build this wall first.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq43.png|frame|left|Then build this wall.]]
| [[File:Aq44.png‎|frame|left|Build these walls (one by one).]]
|}

Theoretically, you could now take a shortcut and build a wall instead of the stairs in the south-western corner. Then you would be safe to make an up/down staircase instead of the ramp in the pump's source tile. This would grant you a 1&times;1 access under your aquifer. You could in turn find a sink for all aquifer levels (e.g. a lake in a cavern) and pierce through the aquifer from below, draining it across multiple z-levels and drill a hole of any size and shape into it. (See a YouTube tutorial video about this in the [[#Links|link]] section.)

However, you are only a few more steps away from a nice 2&times;2 stairway through the aquifer (easily extendable to 4&times;2), so you can as well proceed. It is safer, anyway:

Leave the ramp and stairs in the slit—you will need them both for access and as a water sink. Deconstruct the pump and rebuild it pumping from the other direction (here: pump from the east). You will repeat the procedure mirrored:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq45.png|frame|left|First build this wall.]]
| [[File:Aq46.png‎|frame|left|Then build the rest.]]
|}

Deconstruct the ramp in the source tile of the pump and build a wall there. You will be able to build a wall there right away if you have dug the ramp, rather than constructed it.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq47.png|frame|left|Deconstruct the ramp in the pump's source tile if it was constructed rather than dug.]]
| [[File:Aq48.png‎|frame|left|Construct a wall there.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq49.png|frame|left|Deconstruct the pump and the two floor tiles underneath it.]]
| [[File:Aq50.png‎|frame|left|Build an up/down stairs there. Make sure they connect to some stairs above!]]
|}

Now the finale. Here we will need to build the pump instead of the two southern up/down staircases. You can build the floor over them right away if they are dug, else you will have to deconstruct them first.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq51.png|frame|left|Build a pump next to the south-eastern slit tile to pump from the east.]]
| [[File:Aq53.png|frame|left|Start pumping and dig these walls.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq54.png‎|frame|left|Build this wall first.]]
| [[File:Aq55.png|frame|left|Then build this wall.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq56.png‎|frame|left|Then build this wall.]]
|}

Don't dig or wall the last piece of aquifer in that corner. You will now need it as a sink. Deconstruct the pump and turn it over to pump from the west. For the pump to work, you will need to remove (channel out) the stairs over the pumps source tile.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq52.png‎|frame|left|Channel out the stairs above the pump's source tile.]]
| [[File:Aq57.png|frame|left|Pumping from the west, dig these walls.]]
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq58.png|frame|left|Build this wall first.]]
| [[File:Aq59.png|frame|left|Then build three other walls (one by one).]]
|}

Now deconstruct the pump and the floor underneath it, you won't need it anymore. The only way how to safely dig the last piece of aquifer is diagonally or from above, because aquifers don't leak that way, therefore:

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq60.png‎|frame|left|Construct up/down stairs where the pump was. ]]
| [[File:Aq61.png|frame|left|Dig up/down stairs into the last aquifer tile.]]
|}

You are basically done now. The rest of the water will evaporate.

==== Cleaning up ====

Once the last aquifer tile is gone, the 7/7 water on the ramp tile will spread and eventually evaporate. It is safe to deconstruct the inner walls and ramps now.

{|class="wikitable1"
|-valign="top" 
| [[File:Aq62.png‎|frame|left|Deconstruct the inner walls and ramps.]]
| [[File:Aq63.png|frame|left|Build up/down stairs as necessary.]]
|}

Congratulations to your 4&times;2 hole through the aquifer. Be very careful not to mine the first non-aquifer layer any wider than your secured staircase dimensions. The aquifer above this level would flood it. Leave at least one layer of stone between your aquifer and the layer where you want some spacy rooms.


==Variations==

* [[Door]]s can be built diagonally, allowing you to dig out and "door off" difficult-to-reach tiles one at a time. Make sure you include a drain at the bottom of the stairway in case a marauding troll or tantruming dwarf decides to destroy your dam doors. 
* It isn't really necessary to move the pump vertically. Not moving the pump up will simplify logistics at the cost of slower construction on the tiles further from the pump (more job cancellations).  
* The double-slit method can easily be extended to a 4x3 footprint. By reserving the middle stairs for access, you can avoid all deconstruction and reconstruction of floors and stairs. You can also build and operate two pumps simultaneously to increase safety and speed up construction on the lowest aquifer level. When finished, you can create a 3x3 central stair through the aquifer.
 
==Links==
* [http://youtu.be/TXQH9dliFZE A good youtube tutorial] covering this method, taking the shortcut later and working the aquifer from below
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzdUw92pXH4 Another Youtube tutorial] which doesn't take any shortcuts and works directly from the surface.
* [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=79224.msg2060636#msg2060636 Quantum's original forum post] — QuantumMenace improved Hans Lemurson's pump method. 

{{Category|Guides}}
[[ru:Double-slit method]]