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Editing v0.31:Pressure
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{{quality|Exceptional|16:12, 26 December 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}} | {{quality|Exceptional|16:12, 26 December 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}} | ||
| − | Dwarf Fortress features some pretty complex behavior in an attempt to simulate '''fluid mechanics'''. One aspect of this behavior is seen in the form of '''pressure'''. The basic idea here is quite simple - certain forms of ''' | + | Dwarf Fortress features some pretty complex behavior in an attempt to simulate '''fluid mechanics'''. One aspect of this behavior is seen in the form of '''pressure'''. The basic idea here is quite simple - certain forms of '''{{l|flow|fluids}}''' movement exert '''pressure''', causing them to potentially move ''upwards'' into other areas. |
==Summary== | ==Summary== | ||
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The following types of liquid movement follow the rules of pressure: | The following types of liquid movement follow the rules of pressure: | ||
* Water falling downward into ''more'' water | * Water falling downward into ''more'' water | ||
| − | * | + | * {{L|River}}/brook source tiles (whether the map edge or the "delta" where the river itself begins) generating water |
| − | ** | + | ** {{L|Lake}}s (surface or subterranean), {{L|ocean}}s, and the {{L|magma sea}} refilling from the map edge do '''not''' exhibit pressure |
| − | * | + | * {{L|Screw pump}}s moving water '''or''' magma |
When a liquid is moved (or created) with pressure, it attempts to locate the nearest tile on the same Z-level as its destination tile (for falling water, this is 1 Z-level ''beneath'' its original location) by moving north, south, east, west, down, or up. As it tries to locate an appropriate destination, the liquid will first only try to move sideways and downward - only when this fails will it attempt to move upward. Pressure will not propagate through diagonal gaps. | When a liquid is moved (or created) with pressure, it attempts to locate the nearest tile on the same Z-level as its destination tile (for falling water, this is 1 Z-level ''beneath'' its original location) by moving north, south, east, west, down, or up. As it tries to locate an appropriate destination, the liquid will first only try to move sideways and downward - only when this fails will it attempt to move upward. Pressure will not propagate through diagonal gaps. | ||
==A demonstration of pressure using U-Bends== | ==A demonstration of pressure using U-Bends== | ||
| − | A U-Bend is a channel that digs down, and curves back up. With '''pressure''' a | + | A U-Bend is a channel that digs down, and curves back up. With '''pressure''' a {{l|flow|fluid}} will be pushed up the other side of the u-bend. By understanding how pressure works in a u-bend you should be able to adapt this knowledge to use fluids in any configuration you desire without any unexpected surprises that could make life in your fortress more '''{{l|fun}}''' than anticipated. '''{{L|Water}}''' and '''{{l|magma}}''' both behave very differently with regards to pressure, so read carefully. |
===Water in a U-Bend=== | ===Water in a U-Bend=== | ||
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In the next example (Diagram B), a '''dam''' has been placed, preventing the river from flowing off the edge of the map. In this case, the pressure exerted by the river source (highlighted in red) allows the water to fill up the remaining level of the u-bend. Use caution when placing a dam on your river. | In the next example (Diagram B), a '''dam''' has been placed, preventing the river from flowing off the edge of the map. In this case, the pressure exerted by the river source (highlighted in red) allows the water to fill up the remaining level of the u-bend. Use caution when placing a dam on your river. | ||
| − | The final example (Diagram C), demonstrates how a ''' | + | The final example (Diagram C), demonstrates how a '''{{l|pump|screw pump}}''' exerts pressure - in this case, the water fills up to the same level as the pump's output tile (highlighted in red). |
| − | With these three simple examples, you should be ready to go build your enormous plumbing masterpiece, and be relatively safe from any unanticipated flooding. If you plan to work with | + | With these three simple examples, you should be ready to go build your enormous plumbing masterpiece, and be relatively safe from any unanticipated flooding. If you plan to work with {{l|magma}} as well however, you should read further. |
{| | {| | ||
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===Magma in a U-bend=== | ===Magma in a U-bend=== | ||
| − | ''' | + | '''{{l|Magma}}''' does not exert pressure when it falls downward. In our first magma example (Diagram A) we show how this works by creating a short u-bend and connecting it up to a magma pipe - it simply fills the lowest point and makes no further attempt to go back up. |
| − | In the second diagram (Diagram B) we see how with the addition of a single | + | In the second diagram (Diagram B) we see how with the addition of a single {{l|screw pump}}, the entire situation changes dramatically - when the screw pump moves magma to the right side, it does so using the rules of pressure and allows the area to fill up to the level of the pump. Accidentally flooding your fortress with {{l|magma}} is considerably more {{l|fun}} than a flood of {{l|water}}. |
'''Diagram A''' '''Diagram B''' | '''Diagram A''' '''Diagram B''' | ||
Magma Pipe Screw Pump | Magma Pipe Screw Pump | ||
Side View Side View<br /> | Side View Side View<br /> | ||
| − | ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ %%<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ %% = | + | ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ %%<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ %% = {{l|Pump}} |
▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒▒<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ <font color="red">≈</font> = Magma | ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒▒<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ <font color="red">≈</font> = Magma | ||
▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒▒<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ = Solid Ground | ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ ▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒▒<font color="red">≈</font>▒<font color="red">≈≈≈</font>▒ ▒ = Solid Ground | ||
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===Diagonal Flow=== | ===Diagonal Flow=== | ||
| − | Liquids moving via pressure can only move to | + | Liquids moving via pressure can only move to {{L|orthogonal}}ly adjacent tiles. When faced with a diagonal gap, pressure will fail to move the liquid, forcing the liquid to instead spread out. By forcing fluids through a diagonal connection you can prevent pressure from propagating past a certain point. |
This does not work on a vertical basis - water only travels straight up and down to different Z-levels, never diagonally. | This does not work on a vertical basis - water only travels straight up and down to different Z-levels, never diagonally. | ||
| − | If you wish to maintain the rate of ''' | + | If you wish to maintain the rate of '''{{l|flow}}''' after de-pressurizing, it's recommended that you have more diagonals than water tiles - that is, if the source is 3-tiles wide, you may wish 4 or more diagonal passages. |
'''Top View''' | '''Top View''' | ||
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===Pumps=== | ===Pumps=== | ||
| − | Since water pressure does not propagate through pumps, it is possible to fill a pool from a "pressurized" source using a screw pump without it overflowing. Of course, there is a downside - you still have to run the pumps and due to the source water's pressure, the pump must be | + | Since water pressure does not propagate through pumps, it is possible to fill a pool from a "pressurized" source using a screw pump without it overflowing. Of course, there is a downside - you still have to run the pumps and due to the source water's pressure, the pump must be {{l|power}}ed instead of {{l|pump operator|run by a dwarf}}, as the tile the dwarf needs to stand on is filled by water. Furthermore, the pump will likely need to be powered from above or below (as water would simply flow around a gear or axle placed next to the pump), though creative setups are still possible by using additional screw pumps to transmit power. |
Your vertical axles or gear assemblies need to be placed above the solid tile of the pump, and there must not be a channel over the walkable pump tile. (Water can only flow straight upward, not up and to the side at the same time.) Multiple adjacent pumps will also transfer '''power''' between themselves automatically. | Your vertical axles or gear assemblies need to be placed above the solid tile of the pump, and there must not be a channel over the walkable pump tile. (Water can only flow straight upward, not up and to the side at the same time.) Multiple adjacent pumps will also transfer '''power''' between themselves automatically. | ||
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==Hatches== | ==Hatches== | ||
| − | + | {{l|Hatch cover|Hatches}} can be placed over {{l|channel}}s, {{l|stair}}s, {{l|ramp}}s, etc. to prevent {{l|water}} from moving vertically but will still allow the tile to be used, even as a water source (and possibly still for fishing too). | |
== See Also== | == See Also== | ||
* [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=32453.0 Hydrodynamics Education] forum thread | * [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=32453.0 Hydrodynamics Education] forum thread | ||
| − | * | + | * {{l|flow}} |
| − | * | + | * {{l|river}} |
{{Category|Physics}} | {{Category|Physics}} | ||