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Difference between revisions of "Topic"

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There are 9 "branches" of the knowledge system.
 
There are 9 "branches" of the knowledge system.
 
==Astronomy==
 
==Astronomy==
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
! Description
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
 +
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
 +
|-
 +
|Dates of lunar and solar eclipses
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Saros (astronomy)|Saros (astronomy)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Daylight variation with solar year
 +
|The variation of daylight with the season
 +
|[[wikipedia:Daytime#Daytime variations with latitude and seasons|Daytime § Daytime variations with latitude and seasons]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Geocentrism
 
|Geocentrism
 
|The theory that the sun moves around the world
 
|The theory that the sun moves around the world
 +
|[[wikipedia:Geocentric model|Geocentric model]]
 +
|-
 +
|Height of tides vs moon and sun
 +
|The height of the tides, the moon and the sun
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Heliocentrism
 
|Heliocentrism
 
|The theory that the world moves around the sun
 
|The theory that the world moves around the sun
 +
|[[wikipedia:Heliocentric model|Heliocentric model]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Empirical observation
 +
|Methods of empirical observation in astronomy
 +
|[[wikipedia:Empirical evidence|Empirical evidence]]
 +
|-
 +
|Path models
 
|
 
|
−
|The variation of daylight with the season
+
|[[wikipedia:Orbit modeling|Orbit modeling]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Path of the moon
−
|The rise of the sun according to the season
+
|The path of the moon
 +
|[[wikipedia:Orbit of the Moon|Orbit of the Moon]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Phases of the moon
 
|The phases of the moon
 
|The phases of the moon
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lunar phase|Lunar phase]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Precession of equinoxes
 
|
 
|
−
|The path of the moon
+
|[[wikipedia:Axial precession|Axial precession]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Relationship between lunar solar year
−
|The rise of the moon according to the season
+
|The relationship between the lunar and solar year
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lunisolar calendar|Lunisolar calendar]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Shape of the world
 
|
 
|
−
|The relationship between the moon and the tides
+
|[[wikipedia:Spherical Earth|Spherical Earth]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Star catalogues 100
 
|
 
|
−
|The height of the tides, the moon and the sun
+
|[[wikipedia:Star catalogue|Star catalogue]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Star catalogues 1000
 
|
 
|
−
|The relationship between the lunar and solar year
+
|[[wikipedia:Star catalogue|Star catalogue]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Astrography
 
|Astrography
−
|The creation of star charts
+
| The creation of star charts
 +
|[[wikipedia:Star chart|Star chart]]
 +
|-
 +
|Stellar Spectroscopy
 +
|The classification of stars based on the light they emit
 +
|[[wikipedia:Astronomical spectroscopy|Astronomical spectroscopy]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Star magnitude classification
 
|
 
|
−
|Methods of empirical observation in astronomy
+
|[[wikipedia:Magnitude (astronomy)|Magnitude (astronomy)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Summer winter moon
 +
|The rise of the moon according to the season
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lunar calendar|Lunar calendar]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Astrolabe
+
|Summer winter sun
−
|The construction and use of the astrolabe
+
| The rise of the sun according to the season
 +
|[[wikipedia:Solar calendar|Solar calendar]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Stellar Spectroscopy
+
|Tides and the moon
−
|The classification of stars based on the light they emit
+
| The relationship between the moon and the tides
 +
|[[wikipedia:Tide|Tide]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Chemistry ==
+
==Chemistry==
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
! Description
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
 +
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Adhesives
−
|Methods for performing experiments systematically in the laboratory
+
|The preparation and use of adhesive materials
 +
|[[wikipedia:Adhesive|Adhesive]]
 +
|-
 +
|Aqua regia
 +
|The preparation of aqua regia
 +
|[[wikipedia:Aqua regia|Aqua regia]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Spirit of niter
−
|The preparation and use of adhesive materials
+
|The preparation of spirit of niter
 +
|[[wikipedia:Nitric acid|Nitric acid]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Oil of vitriol
 
|Oil of vitriol
 
|The preparation of oil of vitriol
 
|The preparation of oil of vitriol
 +
|[[wikipedia:Sulfuric acid|Sulfuric acid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Spirit of niter
+
|Alkali and acids
−
|The preparation of spirit of niter
+
|The classification of alkali and acids
 +
|[[wikipedia:pH|pH]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Aqua regia
+
|Combustibles
−
|The preparation of aqua regia
+
|The classification of combustible materials
 +
|[[wikipedia:Combustibility|Combustibility]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Elemental theory
−
|The mixture of metals to produce alloys
+
|The classification of materials based on which elemental materials might form them
 +
|[[wikipedia:Chemical element|Chemical element]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Ores
 
|The classification of ores
 
|The classification of ores
 +
|[[wikipedia:Ore|Ore]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Scratch test
 
|
 
|
−
|The classification of materials based on which elemental materials might form them
+
|[[wikipedia:Scratch hardness|Scratch hardness]]
 +
|-
 +
|Alembic
 +
|The construction and use of the alembic
 +
|[[wikipedia:Alembic|Alembic]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Blast furnace
−
|The classification of alkali and acids
+
|The construction and use of the blast furnace
 +
|[[wikipedia:Blast furnace|Blast furnace]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Crucible
−
|The classification of combustible materials
+
| The construction and use of the crucible
 +
|[[wikipedia:Crucible|Crucible]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Ampoule
 
|The construction and use of the ampoule
 
|The construction and use of the ampoule
 +
|[[wikipedia:Ampoule|Ampoule]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Beaker
−
|The construction and use of the vial
+
| The construction and use of the beaker
 +
|[[wikipedia:Beaker|Beaker]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Flask
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of the alembic
+
|[[wikipedia:Flask|Flask]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Funnel
−
|The construction and use of the blast furnace
+
|The construction and use of the funnel
 +
|[[wikipedia:Funnel|Funnel]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Retort
 
|The construction and use of the retort
 
|The construction and use of the retort
 +
|[[wikipedia:Retort|Retort]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Vial
−
|The construction and use of the crucible
+
|The construction and use of the vial
 +
|[[wikipedia:Vial|Vial]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Lab ovens
 
|The construction and use of laboratory ovens
 
|The construction and use of laboratory ovens
−
|-
 
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of the beaker
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Systematic experiments
 +
|Methods for performing experiments systematically in the laboratory
 
|
 
|
−
|The theory and methods involved in evaporation
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Theory of distillation
 
|The theory and methods involved in distillation
 
|The theory and methods involved in distillation
 +
|[[wikipedia:Distillation|Distillation]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Theory of evaporation
 +
|The theory and methods involved in evaporation
 +
|[[wikipedia:Evapotation|Evapotation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Theory of liquid liquid extraction
 
|The theory and methods involved in the extraction of a constituent liquid from one solution to another
 
|The theory and methods involved in the extraction of a constituent liquid from one solution to another
 +
|[[wikipedia:Liquid–liquid extraction|Liquid–liquid extraction]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Water Displacement
+
|Alloys
−
|A precise description of buoyancy and water displacement
+
| The mixture of metals to produce alloys
 +
|[[wikipedia:Alloy|Alloy]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
* [[wikipedia:Nitric acid|Spirit of niter]]
 
  
−
== Engineering ==
+
==Engineering==
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
! Description
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
 +
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Pulley
+
|Armillary sphere
−
|The construction and use of the pulley
+
|The construction and use of armillary spheres
 +
|[[wikipedia:Armillary sphere|Armillary sphere]]
 +
|-
 +
|Astrolabe
 +
|The construction and use of the astrolabe
 +
|[[wikipedia:Astrolabe|Astrolabe]]
 +
|-
 +
|Dioptra
 +
|The construction and use of the dioptra
 +
|[[wikipedia:Dioptra|Dioptra]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Lever
+
|Mural instrument
−
|The construction and use of the lever
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Mural instrument|Mural instrument]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Orrery
 
|
 
|
−
|The reasons why the lever is effective
+
|[[wikipedia:Orrery|Orrery]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Windlass
+
|Spherical astrolabe
−
|The construction and use of the windlass
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Screw
+
|Wood lamination
−
|The construction and use of the screw
+
|The use of lamination
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lamination|Lamination]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Models and Templates
+
|Models and templates
 
|The use of models and templates in engineering
 
|The use of models and templates in engineering
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Warded Lock
+
|Archimedes principle
−
|The construction and use of the warded lock
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Archimedes' principle|Archimedes' principle]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Tumbler Lock
+
|Force pump
−
|The construction and use of the tumbler lock
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Piston pump#Force pump|Piston pump § Force pump]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Siphon
+
|Theory of siphon
 
|The action of the siphon
 
|The action of the siphon
 +
|[[wikipedia:Siphon|Siphon]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Gears
+
|Valves
−
|The reasons why gears are effective
+
|The construction and use of valves
 +
|[[wikipedia:Valve|Valve]]
 +
|-
 +
|Astrarium
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Astrarium|Astrarium]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Conical water clock
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of water-filled sphere as a lens
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Crystal Lens
+
|Hourglass
−
|The construction and use of the crystal lens
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Hourglass|Hourglass]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Funnel
+
|Mechanical clock
−
|The construction and use of the funnel
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Clock#Early mechanical clocks|Clock § Early mechanical clocks]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Glass Lens
+
|Shadow clock
−
|The construction and use of the glass lens
+
|The use of shadows to tell direction and time
 +
|[[wikipedia:Sundial|Sundial]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Camera Obscura
+
|Water clock
−
|The construction and use of the camera obscura
+
|The use of water-based devices to tell time
 +
|[[wikipedia:Water clock|Water clock]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Water clock reservoir
 +
|The use of reservoirs in water-based clocks to improve their accuracy
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of valves
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Balance wheel
 
|
 
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Balance wheel|Balance wheel]]
 +
|-
 +
|Bellows
 
|The construction and use of the bellows
 
|The construction and use of the bellows
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bellows|Bellows]]
 +
|-
 +
|Camshaft
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Camshaft|Camshaft]]
 +
|-
 +
|Chain drive
 +
|The construction and use of chain drives
 +
|[[wikipedia:Chain drive|Chain drive]]
 +
|-
 +
|Chariot odometer
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Odometer|Odometer]]
 +
|-
 +
|Combination lock
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Combination lock|Combination lock]]
 +
|-
 +
|Crank
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Crank (mechanism)|Crank (mechanism)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Crankshaft
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Crankshaft|Crankshaft]]
 +
|-
 +
|Differential gear
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Differential (mechanical device)|Differential (mechanical device)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Double acting piston bellows
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bellows|Bellows]]
 +
|-
 +
|Lever
 +
|The construction and use of the lever
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lever|Lever]]
 +
|-
 +
|Mechanical compass
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Compass|Compass]]
 +
|-
 +
|Padlock
 +
|The construction and use of the padlock
 +
|[[wikipedia:Padlock|Padlock]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Piston
 
|
 
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Piston pump#Force pump|Piston pump § Force pump]]
 +
|-
 +
|Pulley
 +
|The construction and use of the pulley
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pulley|Pulley]]
 +
|-
 +
|Screw
 +
|The construction and use of the screw
 +
|[[wikipedia:Screw|Screw]]
 +
|-
 +
|Straight beam balance
 
|The construction and use of the straight-beam balance
 
|The construction and use of the straight-beam balance
 +
|[[wikipedia:Weighing scale#Mechanical balances|Weighing scale § Mechanical balances]]
 +
|-
 +
|Theory of gears
 +
|The reasons why gears are effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Gear|Gear]]
 +
|-
 +
|Theory of lever
 +
|The reasons why the lever is effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lever|Lever]]
 +
|-
 +
|Theory of pulley
 +
|The reasons why pulleys are effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pulley|Pulley]]
 +
|-
 +
|Theory of screw
 +
|The reasons why screws are effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Screw|Screw]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Wedge
+
|Theory of wedge
 
|The reasons why the wedge is effective
 
|The reasons why the wedge is effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Wedge|Wedge]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Theory of wheel and axle
 +
|The reasons why the wheel-and-axle construction is effective
 +
|[[wikipedia:Wheel and axle|Wheel and axle]]
 +
|-
 +
|Trip hammer
 
|
 
|
−
|The use of water-based devices to tell time
+
|[[wikipedia:Trip hammer|Trip hammer]]
 +
|-
 +
|Tumbler lock
 +
|The construction and use of the tumbler lock
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pin tumbler lock|Pin tumbler lock]]
 +
|-
 +
|Verge escapement
 +
|The construction and use of the verge escapement
 +
|[[wikipedia:Verge escapement|Verge escapement]]
 +
|-
 +
|Warded lock
 +
|The construction and use of the warded lock
 +
|[[wikipedia:Warded lock|Warded lock]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Water powered piston bellows
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|The use of lamination
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|The Wheel-and-axle
+
|Water powered sawmill
−
|The reasons why the wheel-and-axle construction is effective
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Watermill|Watermill]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Water powered trip hammer
 
|
 
|
−
|The reasons why pulleys are effective
+
|[[wikipedia:Trip hammer|Trip hammer]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Water wheel
 
|
 
|
−
|The reasons why screws are effective
+
|[[wikipedia:Water wheel|Water wheel]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Screws
+
|Windlass
−
|The construction and use of the screw
+
| The construction and use of the windlass
 +
|[[wikipedia:Windlass|Windlass]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Atmospheric refraction
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of the padlock
+
|[[wikipedia:Atmospheric refraction|Atmospheric refraction]]
 +
|-
 +
|Camera obscura
 +
|The construction and use of the camera obscura
 +
|[[wikipedia:Camera obscura|Camera obscura]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Cause of twilight
 
|
 
|
−
|The reasons why the lever is effective
+
|[[wikipedia:Atmospheric optics|Atmospheric optics]]
 +
|-
 +
|Crystal lens
 +
|The construction and use of the crystal lens
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lens (optics)|Lens (optics)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Glass lens
 +
|The construction and use of the glass lens
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lens (optics)|Lens (optics)]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Water clock reservoirs
+
|Height of atmosphere
−
|The use of reservoirs in water-based clocks to improve their accuracy
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Shadow clocks
+
|Law of refraction
−
|The use of shadows to tell direction and time
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Snell's law|Snell's law]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Armillary spheres
+
|Parabolic mirror
−
|The construction and use of armillary spheres
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Parabolic reflector|Parabolic reflector]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Theory of color
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of the dioptra
+
|[[wikipedia:Color theory|Color theory]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Theory of rainbows
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of chain drives
+
|[[wikipedia:Rainbows|Rainbows]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Water filled spheres
 +
|The construction and use of water-filled sphere as a lens
 
|
 
|
−
|The construction and use of the verge escapement
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
[[wikipedia:Differential (mechanical device)|Differential gears]] are a difficult innovation and a prerequisite for [[wikipedia:South-pointing chariot|pointing chariot]]s and [[wikipedia:Astrarium|astrarium]]s.
+
==Geography==
−
 
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
== Geography ==
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
! Description
+
|-
 +
|Accurate maps
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Cartography
 +
|The process involved in creating maps
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cartography|Cartography]]
 +
|-
 +
|Distance scale
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Economic
 +
|The placement of economic information on maps
 +
|[[wikipedia:Economic geography|Economic geography]]
 +
|-
 +
|Geological
 +
|The placement of geological information on maps
 +
|[[wikipedia:Geologic map|Geologic map]]
 +
|-
 +
|Grid system
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Grid reference|Grid reference]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Surveying
+
|Height measurements
−
|The process of surveying land
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Surveying staff
+
|Map projections
−
|The construction and use of the surveying staff
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Map projection|Map projection]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Anemology
+
|Atlases
−
|The forces that govern wind patterns
+
|The collection of maps and other information together into a single text
 +
|[[wikipedia:Atlas|Atlas]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Econometrics
 
|Econometrics
 
|The process of economic data collection
 
|The process of economic data collection
 +
|[[wikipedia:Econometrics|Econometrics]]
 +
|-
 +
|Surveying
 +
|The process of surveying land
 +
|[[wikipedia:Surveying|Surveying]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Cartographical
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|The placement of economic information on maps
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Water cycle
+
|Engineering
−
|The origin of rainfall through evaporation and condensation
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Land
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|A world-wide cycle involving precipitation, oceans, rivers, and other forms of water
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Cartography
+
|Military
−
|The process involved in creating maps
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Atlases
+
|Surveying staff
−
|The collection of maps and other information together into a single text
+
|The construction and use of the surveying staff
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Triangulation
 
|
 
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Triangulation|Triangulation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Delta formation
 
|The process of the formation of deltas at the mouths of rivers
 
|The process of the formation of deltas at the mouths of rivers
 +
|[[wikipedia:River delta#Formation|River delta § Formation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Latitude climate zones
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Origin of rainfall from evap condense
 +
|The origin of rainfall through evaporation and condensation
 
|
 
|
−
|The placement of geological information on maps
+
|-
 +
|Water cycle
 +
|A world-wide cycle involving precipitation, oceans, rivers, and other forms of water
 +
|[[wikipedia:Water cycle|Water cycle]]
 +
|-
 +
|Anemology
 +
|The forces that govern wind patterns
 +
|[[wikipedia:Global wind patterns|Global wind patterns]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
The geography innovations include several related to [[wikipedia:cartography|cartography]].
 
  
−
== History ==
+
==History==
−
Innovations for historians are, in part, writing forms like [[wikipedia:biography|biography]], and then any historian that reads a biography can start writing them as well. Innovations include comparative biographies describing multiple people, and matters of sourcing, etc.
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
Historians can start to understand how cultural differences and state bias affects source reliability and think a bit about social forces.
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
|-
−
! Topic
+
|Alternate history
−
! Description
+
|The exploration of how history would be different if some key past events had transpired differently
 +
|[[wikipedia:Alternate history|Alternate history]]
 +
|-
 +
|Autobiographical adventure
 +
|The method of writing a biography of oneself, particularly as it concerns a military campaign or adventure
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Historical causation
+
|Biographical dictionaries
−
|The causes of historical events
+
|The compilation of brief biographies into one large collection
 +
|[[wikipedia:Biographical dictionary|Biographical dictionary]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Archaeology
+
|Biography
−
|The method of collecting and evaluating artifacts to learn about history and culture
+
|The method of writing the history of a single individual
 +
|[[wikipedia:Biography|Biography]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Diachronic archaeology
+
|Comparative biography
−
|The method of examining artifacts to determine how techniques have changed over time
+
|The method of compiling several biographies to compare and contrast the subjects' character and to gain insight into history
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Comparative anthropology
 +
|The method of comparing and contrasting different cultures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cross-cultural studies|Cross-cultural studies]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Cultural history
 
|Cultural history
 
|The method of accurately and comprehensively describing cultures and civilizations
 
|The method of accurately and comprehensively describing cultures and civilizations
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cultural history|Cultural history]]
 +
|-
 +
|Encyclopedia
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Encyclopedia|Encyclopedia]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Comparative anthropology
+
|Genealogy
−
|The method of comparing and contrasting different cultures
+
|The compilation of family lineages and methods of displaying them artfully
 +
|[[wikipedia:Genealogy|Genealogy]]
 +
|-
 +
|Treatise on tech evolution
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Technological evolution|Technological evolution]]
 +
|-
 +
|Archaeology
 +
|The method of collecting and evaluating artifacts to learn about history and culture
 +
|[[wikipedia:Archaeology|Archaeology]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Source reliability
 
|Source reliability
 
|The reliability of sources
 
|The reliability of sources
 +
|[[wikipedia:Source criticism|Source criticism]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Personal interviews
 
|Personal interviews
 
|Using personal interviews as sources
 
|Using personal interviews as sources
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Biography
+
|Role of cultural differences
−
|The method of writing the history of a single individual
+
| The role of cultural differences in source reliability and interpretation
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cultural relativism|Cultural relativism]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Autobiography
+
|Role of state bias and propaganda
−
|The method of writing a biography of oneself, particularly as it concerns a military campaign or adventure
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Propaganda|Propaganda]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Biographical dictionaries
+
|Role of systemic bias
−
|The compilation of brief biographies into one large collection
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Systemic bias|Systemic bias]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Comparative biography
+
|Historical causation
−
|The method of compiling several biographies to compare and contrast the subjects' character and to gain insight into history
+
|The causes of historical events
 +
|[[wikipedia:Causality#History|Causality § History]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Cultural relativism
+
|Historical cycles
−
|The role of cultural differences in source reliability and interpretation
+
|The notion of historical, governmental and social cycles
−
|-
+
|[[wikipedia:Cyclic history|Cyclic history]]
−
|Genealogy
 
−
|The compilation of family lineages and methods of displaying them artfully
 
−
|-
 
−
|Alternate history
 
−
|The exploration of how history would be different if some key past events had transpired differently
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Sociology
 
|Sociology
 
|The notion of bonds between members of a community
 
|The notion of bonds between members of a community
 +
|[[wikipedia:Sociology|Sociology]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Social conflict
 
|
 
|
−
|The notion of historical, governmental and social cycles
+
|[[wikipedia:Social conflict|Social conflict]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Mathematics ==
+
==Mathematics==
−
* [[wikipedia:Plus and minus signs#Plus sign|Symbol for addition]]
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
! Description
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Place values
+
|Equations
−
|Positional notation
+
|The technique of balancing and completion for solving equations
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Divergence of harmonic series
−
|The idea of using symbolic notation for addition
+
|The divergence of the harmonic series
 +
|[[wikipedia:Harmonic series (mathematics)|Harmonic series (mathematics)]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Large Sums
 
|Large Sums
 
|Simple formulas for certain arbitrarily large sums
 
|Simple formulas for certain arbitrarily large sums
 +
|[[wikipedia:Summation|Summation]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Equations
+
|Pascals triangle
−
|The technique of balancing and completion for solving equations
+
|A triangular configuration of numbers relating to the successive powers of any sum
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pascal's triangle|Pascal's triangle]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Scientific notation
+
|Quadratic by completing square
−
|Notation for very large numbers
+
|The solving of quadratic equations by completion of the square
 +
|[[wikipedia:Completing the square|Completing the square]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Negative numbers
+
|Quadratic formula
−
|Notation for negative quantities
+
|A formula which solves quadratic equations
−
|-
+
|[[wikipedia:Quadratic formula|Quadratic formula]]
−
|Zero
 
−
|A symbol for nothingness
 
−
|-
 
−
|Division
 
−
|An algorithm for dividing one number into another, possibly yielding a remainder
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Solving higher order polynomials
 +
|Methods for solving certain equations involving powers higher than the quadratic
 
|
 
|
−
|The divergence of the harmonic series
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Quadratic formula
+
|Systems of equations
−
|A formula which solves quadratic equations
+
|Methods of solving systems of equations
 +
|[[wikipedia:Linear system|Linear system]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Completing the square
+
|Sum-difference trig identities
−
|The solving of quadratic equations by completion of the square
+
|Trigonometric identities relating to the sums and differences of angles
 +
|[[wikipedia:List of trigonometric identities#Angle sum and difference identities|List of trigonometric identities § Angle sum and difference identities]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Basic geometry
+
|Area enclosed by line and parabola
−
|Geometric objects: points, lines, circles, triangles, and so on
+
|The area enclosed by a parabola and a line
 +
|[[wikipedia:The Quadrature of the Parabola|The Quadrature of the Parabola]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Area of circle
 
|
 
|
−
|The computation of the volume of different pyramids
+
|[[wikipedia:Area of a disk|Area of a disk]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Area of triangle from side lengths
 
|
 
|
−
|The computation of the volume of a cone
+
|[[wikipedia:Heron's formula|Heron's formula]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Basic geometry
−
|The computation of the volume of a sphere
+
|Geometric objects: points, lines, circles, triangles, and so on
 +
|[[wikipedia:Geometry|Geometry]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Conic sections
−
|The computation of the surface area of a sphere
+
|The categorization and properties of conic sections
 +
|[[wikipedia:Conic section|Conic section]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Irrational numbers
−
|The properties of similar and congruent triangles
+
|The existence of incommensurable ratios
 +
|[[wikipedia:Irrational number|Irrational number]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Geometric mean
 
|Geometric mean
 
|The relationship between the length of the altitude of a right triangle and the lengths of the segments into which it divides the hypotenuse
 
|The relationship between the length of the altitude of a right triangle and the lengths of the segments into which it divides the hypotenuse
 +
|[[wikipedia:Geometric mean theorem|Geometric mean theorem]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Inscribed triangle on diameter is right
 +
|The angles of triangles inscribed in a circle with one edge on the diameter
 +
|[[wikipedia:Thales' theorem|Thales' theorem]]
 +
|-
 +
|Isosceles base angles equal
 
|The equality of the base angle of isosceles triangles
 
|The equality of the base angle of isosceles triangles
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pons asinorum|Pons asinorum]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Law of sines
 
|
 
|
−
|The angles of triangles inscribed in a circle with one edge on the diameter
+
|[[wikipedia:Law of sines|Law of sines]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Existence of pi
−
|The unique decomposition of a number into products of its prime divisors
+
|The relationship between the area of a circle and its radius, involving the ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter
 +
|[[wikipedia:Approximations of π|Approximations of π]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Pi to 6 digits
 
|
 
|
−
|A triangular configuration of numbers relating to the successive powers of any sum
+
|[[wikipedia:Approximations of π|Approximations of π]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Chords
 
|Chords
 
|The properties of chords
 
|The properties of chords
 +
|[[wikipedia:Chord (geometry)|Chord (geometry)]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Chord tables
+
|Pythagorean Theorem
−
|A table of chord lengths indexed by angle
+
|The relationship between the lengths of the hypotenuse of a right triangle and the other two sides
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pythagorean theorem|Pythagorean theorem]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Sum-difference trig identities
+
|Pythagorean triples 3 digit
−
|Trigonometric identities relating to the sums and differences of angles
+
| Examples of triples of large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pythagorean triples|Pythagorean triples]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Pythagorean Theorem
+
|Pythagorean triples 4 digit
−
|The relationship between the lengths of the hypotenuse of a right triangle and the other two sides
+
|Examples of triples of very large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pythagorean triples|Pythagorean triples]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Pythagorean triples
+
|Pythagorean triples small
 
|Examples of triples of small whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
 
|Examples of triples of small whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pythagorean triples|Pythagorean triples]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Similar and congruent triangles
 +
|The properties of similar and congruent triangles
 
|
 
|
−
|Examples of triples of large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Surface area of sphere
−
|Examples of triples of very large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
+
|The computation of the surface area of a sphere
 +
|[[wikipedia:Sphere#Surface Area|Sphere § Surface Area]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Chord tables
−
|The relationship between the half chords of a triangle's angles, the opposite side lengths, and the diameter of the triangle's circumscribed circle
+
|A table of chord lengths indexed by angle
 +
|[[wikipedia:Ptolemy's table of chords|Ptolemy's table of chords]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Irrational numbers
+
|Volume of cone
−
|The existence of incommensurable ratios
+
|The computation of the volume of a cone
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cone#Volume|Cone § Volume]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Irrationality of root 2
+
|Volume of pyramid
−
|A proof that the length of a diagonal of a square is incommensurable with its edge
+
|The computation of the volume of different pyramids
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pyramid (geometry)#Volume|Pyramid (geometry) § Volume]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Approximation of root 2
+
|Volume of sphere
−
|An approximation for the length of the diagonal of a square
+
|The computation of the volume of a sphere
 +
|[[wikipedia:Sphere#Volume|Sphere § Volume]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Existence of pi
+
|Axioms
−
|The relationship between the area of a circle and its radius, involving the ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter
+
|Axiomatic reasoning
 +
|[[wikipedia:Axiomatic system|Axiomatic system]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Method of exhaustion
 
|Method of exhaustion
 
|An approximation of the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, using the area of polygons and the method of exhaustion
 
|An approximation of the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, using the area of polygons and the method of exhaustion
 +
|[[wikipedia:Method of exhaustion|Method of exhaustion]]
 +
|-
 +
|Proof by contradiction
 +
|The method of proof by contradiction
 +
|[[wikipedia:Proof by contradiction|Proof by contradiction]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Conic sections
+
|Symbol for addition
−
|The categorization and properties of conic sections
+
|The idea of using symbolic notation for addition
 +
|[[wikipedia:Plus and minus signs#Plus sign|Plus and minus signs § Plus sign]]
 +
|-
 +
|Scientific notation
 +
|Notation for very large numbers
 +
|[[wikipedia:Scientific notation|Scientific notation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Negative numbers
 +
|Notation for negative quantities
 +
|[[wikipedia:Negative number|Negative number]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Place values
−
|The area enclosed by a parabola and a line
+
|Positional notation
 +
|[[wikipedia:Positional notation|Positional notation]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Algebra
 
|Algebra
 
|Notation for abbreviating the unknown and other elements of an equation in a systematic and useful fashion
 
|Notation for abbreviating the unknown and other elements of an equation in a systematic and useful fashion
 +
|[[wikipedia:Algebra|Algebra]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Systems of equations
+
|Zero
−
|Methods of solving systems of equations
+
|A symbol for nothingness
 +
|[[wikipedia:0 (number)|0 (number)]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Euclidean Algorithm
−
|Methods for solving certain equations involving powers higher than the quadratic
+
| An algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor of two numbers
 +
|[[wikipedia:Euclidean algorithm|Euclidean algorithm]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Axioms
+
|Chinese remainder algorithm
−
|Axiomatic reasoning
+
|An algorithm for computing a number which has given remainders when divided by several given primes
 +
|[[wikipedia:Chinese remainder theorem|Chinese remainder theorem]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Proof by contradiction
+
|Division
−
|The method of proof by contradiction
+
|An algorithm for dividing one number into another, possibly yielding a remainder
 +
|[[wikipedia:Euclidean division|Euclidean division]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Euclid's Theorem
 
|Euclid's Theorem
 
|A proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers
 
|A proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers
 +
|[[wikipedia:Euclid's theorem|Euclid's theorem]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Euclidean Algorithm
+
|Irrationality of root 2
−
|An algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor of two numbers
+
|A proof that the length of a diagonal of a square is incommensurable with its edge
 +
|[[wikipedia:Square root of 2#Proofs of irrationality|Square root of 2 § Proofs of irrationality]]
 +
|-
 +
|Approximation of root 2
 +
|An approximation for the length of the diagonal of a square
 +
|[[wikipedia:Square root of 2#History|Square root of 2 § History]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Sieve algorithm for primes
 
|
 
|
−
|An algorithm for computing a number which has given remainders when divided by several given primes
+
|[[wikipedia:Sieve of Eratosthenes|Sieve of Eratosthenes]]
 +
|-
 +
|Unique prime factorization
 +
|The unique decomposition of a number into products of its prime divisors
 +
|[[wikipedia:Fundamental theorem of arithmetic|Fundamental theorem of arithmetic]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Medical science ==
+
==Medicine==
−
Medical innovations include dedicated hospitals with specialized wards, staffing, medical labs and treatment for many illnesses.
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
! Topic
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
! Description
+
|-
 +
|Anesthesia
 +
|Anesthesia
 +
|[[wikipedia:Anesthesia|Anesthesia]]
 +
|-
 +
|Asylum for mentally ill
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Psychiatric hospital|Psychiatric hospital]]
 +
|-
 +
|Autopsy
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Autopsy|Autopsy]]
 +
|-
 +
|Cataract surgery
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cataract surgery|Cataract surgery]]
 +
|-
 +
|Cauterization
 +
|Cauterization
 +
|[[wikipedia:Cauterization|Cauterization]]
 +
|-
 +
|Fracture immobilization
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bone fracture#Immobilization|Bone fracture § Immobilization]]
 +
|-
 +
|Fracture treatment
 +
|The treatment of fractures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bone fracture#Treatment|Bone fracture § Treatment]]
 +
|-
 +
|Hernia surgery
 +
|Hernia surgery
 +
|[[wikipedia:Hernia#Surgery|Hernia § Surgery]]
 +
|-
 +
|Hospital lab
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Medical laboratory|Medical laboratory]]
 +
|-
 +
|Lithotomy surgery
 +
|The lithotomy surgery
 +
|[[wikipedia:Lithotomy|Lithotomy]]
 +
|-
 +
|Medical school
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Medical school|Medical school]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Incision
+
|Physical examination
−
|The surgical method of incision
+
|The method of physical examination in diagnosing illness
 +
|[[wikipedia:Physical examination|Physical examination]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Excision
+
|Professional hospital staff
−
|The surgical method of excision
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Suturing
+
|Specialized wards
−
|The surgical method of suturing
+
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Draining
 
|Draining
−
|The surgical method of draining
+
| The surgical method of draining
 +
|[[wikipedia:Drain (surgery)|Drain (surgery)]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Scraping
+
|Excision
−
|The surgical method of scraping
+
|The surgical method of excision
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Probing
+
|Incision
−
|The surgical method of probing
+
|The surgical method of incision
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Ligature
 
|Ligature
 
|The surgical method of ligature
 
|The surgical method of ligature
 +
|[[wikipedia:Ligature (medicine)|Ligature (medicine)]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Bandages
+
|Probing
−
|The method of bandaging wounds
+
|The surgical method of probing
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Scraping
 +
|The surgical method of scraping
 
|
 
|
−
|The treatment of fractures
+
|-
 +
|Suturing
 +
|The surgical method of suturing
 +
|[[wikipedia:Surgical suture|Surgical suture]]
 +
|-
 +
|Tracheotomy surgery
 +
|The tracheotomy surgery
 +
|[[wikipedia:Tracheotomy|Tracheotomy]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Traumatic injuries
 
|Traumatic injuries
 
|The treatment of traumatic injuries
 
|The treatment of traumatic injuries
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Acute and chronic conditions
 +
|The distinction between acute and chronic conditions
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Anatomical studies
 +
|Anatomical studies for medical edification
 +
|[[wikipedia:Human body|Human body]]
 +
|-
 +
|Blood vessels
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Blood vessel|Blood vessel]]
 +
|-
 +
|Classification of bodily fluids
 +
|The classification of bodily fluids
 +
|[[wikipedia:Body fluid|Body fluid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Veterinary medicine
+
|Classification of mental illnesses
−
|The diseases of creatures
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Mental disorder|Mental disorder]]
 +
|-
 +
|Classification of muscles
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Muscle|Muscle]]
 +
|-
 +
|Comparative anatomy
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Herbal remedies
+
|Convalescence
−
|Herbal remedies
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Convalescence|Convalescence]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Mineral remedies
+
|Disease and fouled water
−
|Mineral remedies
+
|The connection between disease and fouled water
 +
|[[wikipedia:Waterborne diseases|Waterborne diseases]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Pathology
 
|Pathology
 
|The classification of disease
 
|The classification of disease
 +
|[[wikipedia:Nosology|Nosology]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Toxicology
+
|Endemic disease
−
|The classification of toxic substances
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Endemic (epidemiology)|Endemic (epidemiology)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Epidemic disease
 +
| The theory of epidemic disease
 +
|[[wikipedia:Epidemic|Epidemic]]
 +
|-
 +
|Exacerbation
 +
|The notion of the exacerbation of a patient's condition
 +
|[[wikipedia:Exacerbation|Exacerbation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Eye anatomy
 +
|The anatomy of the eye
 +
|[[wikipedia:Human eye|Human eye]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Fracture classification
 
|The classification of fractures
 
|The classification of fractures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bone fracture#Classification|Bone fracture § Classification]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Motor vs sensory nerves
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|The classification of bodily fluids
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Nervous system function
 
|
 
|
−
|Cauterization
+
|[[wikipedia:Nervous system|Nervous system]]
 +
|-
 +
|Paroxysm
 +
|The notion of paroxysm
 +
|[[wikipedia:Paroxysmal attack|Paroxysmal attack]]
 +
|-
 +
|Prognosis
 +
|Determining the likely outcome given a patient's current status
 +
|[[wikipedia:Prognosis|Prognosis]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Pulmonary circulation
 
|
 
|
−
|Anesthesia
+
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonary circulation|Pulmonary circulation]]
 +
|-
 +
|Pulmonary medicine
 +
| Pulmonary medicine
 +
|[[wikipedia:Pulmonology|Pulmonology]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Reaction time
 
|
 
|
−
|The use of practice models in surgery
+
|[[wikipedia:Mental chronometry|Mental chronometry]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Relapse
 
|
 
|
−
|The use of mud bags as surgical models
+
|[[wikipedia:Relapse|Relapse]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Specialized surgical instruments
−
|The use of animals as surgical models
+
|The use of specialized surgical instruments
 +
|[[wikipedia:Surgical instrument|Surgical instrument]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Surgical models
 +
|The use of practice models in surgery
 
|
 
|
−
|The use of specialized surgical instruments
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Needles
+
|The voice
−
|The construction and use of surgical needles
+
|The source of the voice
 +
|[[wikipedia:Phonation|Phonation]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Anatomical studies
+
|Toxicology
−
|Anatomical studies for medical edification
+
|The classification of toxic substances
 +
|[[wikipedia:Toxicology|Toxicology]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Treatment of mental illnesses
 
|
 
|
−
|The anatomy of the eye
+
|[[wikipedia:Treatment of mental disorders|Treatment of mental disorders]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Disease and fouled water
+
|Animal remedies
−
|The connection between disease and fouled water
+
|Remedies prepared from animals
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Animals as surgical models
 +
|The use of animals as surgical models
 
|
 
|
−
|The method of physical examination in diagnosing illness
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Prognosis
+
|Bandages
−
|Determining the likely outcome given a patient's current status
+
|The method of bandaging wounds
 +
|[[wikipedia:Bandage|Bandage]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Dedicated hospitals
 
|
 
|
−
|The notion of the exacerbation of a patient's condition
+
|[[wikipedia:Hospital|Hospital]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Forceps
 
|
 
|
−
|Pulmonary medicine
+
|[[wikipedia:Forceps|Forceps]]
 +
|-
 +
|Herbal remedies
 +
|Herbal remedies
 +
|[[wikipedia:Herbalism|Herbalism]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Mineral remedies
 +
|Mineral remedies
 
|
 
|
−
|Remedies prepared from animals
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Cutting for stone
+
|Mud bags as surgical models
−
|The lithotomy surgery
+
|The use of mud bags as surgical models
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Tracheotomy
+
|Orthopedic cast
−
|The tracheotomy surgery
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Orthopedic cast|Orthopedic cast]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Plants as surgical models
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
|Hernia surgery
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Scalpel
 
|
 
|
−
|The distinction between acute and chronic conditions
+
|[[wikipedia:Scalpel|Scalpel]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Epidemiology
+
|Needles
−
|The theory of epidemic disease
+
| The construction and use of surgical needles
 +
|[[wikipedia:Surgical suture#Needles|Surgical suture § Needles]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Paroxysm
+
|Surgical scissors
−
|The notion of paroxysm
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Surgical scissors|Surgical scissors]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Traction bench
 
|
 
|
−
|The source of the voice
+
|[[wikipedia:Traction (orthopedics)|Traction (orthopedics)]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Natural science ==
+
==Naturalist==
−
Toady on natural science innovations:
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
<blockquote>And so on through the other seven branches - there are innovations in naturalist writings, for example, and then they can investigate specific critters with those in mind when they get down to work observing foraging behavior or performing dissections.</blockquote>
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
Naturalists can build a theory of [[wikipedia:rainbow|rainbow]]s using water-filled spheres and a [[wikipedia:camera obscura|camera obscura]], and they can calculate the height of the atmosphere based on [[wikipedia:atmospheric refraction|atmospheric refraction]] using the [[wikipedia:law of refraction|law of refraction]] (though it tries not to get into the actual shape of the world, since that might vary).
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
 
+
|-
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
|Dissection
−
! Topic
+
|The dissection of creatures
−
! Description
+
|[[wikipedia:Dissection|Dissection]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Physical taxonomy
+
|Anatomy
−
|The classification of creatures by their physical features
+
|The anatomical study of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Anatomy|Anatomy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Climactic adaptation
+
|Veterinary medicine
−
|The way that creatures are suited to the climates in which they live
+
|The diseases of creatures
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Migration
+
|Embryology
−
|The migratory patterns of creatures
+
| The embriological development of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Embryology|Embryology]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Foraging behavior
 
|Foraging behavior
 
|The foraging behavior and diet of creatures
 
|The foraging behavior and diet of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Foraging|Foraging]]
 +
|-
 +
|Migration
 +
|The migratory patterns of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Animal migration|Animal migration]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Reproductive behavior
 
|Reproductive behavior
 
|The reproductive behavior of creatures
 
|The reproductive behavior of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Reproduction|Reproduction]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Social behavior
 
|Social behavior
 
|The social behavior of creatures
 
|The social behavior of creatures
 +
|[[wikipedia:Social behavior|Social behavior]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Dissection
+
|Physical taxonomy
−
|The dissection of creatures
+
|The classification of creatures by their physical features
 +
|[[wikipedia:Taxonomy (biology)|Taxonomy (biology)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Climactic adaptation
 +
|The way that creatures are suited to the climates in which they live
 +
|[[wikipedia:Climatic adaptation|Climatic adaptation]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Embryology
+
|Comparative anatomy
−
|The embriological development of creatures
+
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Comparative anatomy|Comparative anatomy]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Food chain
 
|
 
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Food chain|Food chain]]
 +
|-
 +
|Struggle for existence
 
|The struggle for survival among creatures
 
|The struggle for survival among creatures
−
|-
+
|[[wikipedia:Struggle for existence|Struggle for existence]]
−
|Anatomy
 
−
|The anatomical study of creatures
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Philosophy ==
+
==Philosophy==
−
The specific view that a philosopher takes on, say, the nature of beauty or methods of education will depend on their individual/cultural values, where they apply, and a philosopher that encounters a philosophy book on beauty can then provide their own take (having acquired the innovation).
+
{| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
−
 
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
−
Toady on philosophy innovations:
+
! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
−
<blockquote>For fields like philosophy, I've tried not to make judgments about which ideas are "right" or anything like that, but rather which subjects can be thought about at all.</blockquote>
+
! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
−
 
+
|-
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
|Nature of beauty
−
! Topic
+
|Discourse on the nature of beauty
−
! Description
+
|[[wikipedia:Beauty (ancient thought)|Beauty (ancient thought)]]
 +
|-
 +
|Value of art
 +
|
 +
|[[wikipedia:Aesthetics|Aesthetics]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Value Agendas
+
|Belief
−
|Writers can push value "agendas" if they are skilled enough.
+
|Discourse on the nature of belief
−
 
+
|[[wikipedia:Epistemology#Belief|Epistemology § Belief]]
−
Description format: The [worthlessness | value | nuances | nature] of &#91;[[belief]]&#93;
 
−
 
 
−
Examples:
 
−
* The nature of truth - probably related to TRUTH
 
−
* The value of art - probably related to ARTWORK
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Interpersonal Ethics
+
|Justification
−
|Discourse on ethics as applied to interpersonal conduct
+
|Discourse on the nature of justification
 +
|[[wikipedia:Epistemology#Justification|Epistemology § Justification]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Causation
+
|Perception
−
|The nature of causation
+
|Discourse on the nature of perception
 +
|[[wikipedia:Philosophy of perception|Philosophy of perception]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Truth
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on diplomacy
+
|[[wikipedia:Epistemology#Truth|Epistemology § Truth]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Individual value
 
|Discourse on the meaning of individual happiness
 
|Discourse on the meaning of individual happiness
 +
|[[wikipedia:Value (ethics)#Personal values|Value (ethics) § Personal values]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|State consequentialism
−
|Discourse on economic policy
 
−
|-
 
−
|
 
 
|Discourse on ethics as it regards the benefit of the state
 
|Discourse on ethics as it regards the benefit of the state
 +
|[[wikipedia:State consequentialism|State consequentialism]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Interpersonal Ethics
 +
|Discourse on ethics as applied to interpersonal conduct
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on the nature of perception
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Medical
−
|Discourse on the nature of justification
+
|Discourse on medical ethics
 +
|[[wikipedia:Medical ethics|Medical ethics]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Military
−
|The relationship between objects and their properties
+
|Discourse on ethics as applied to war
 +
|[[wikipedia:Ethics#Military ethics|Ethics § Military ethics]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Analogical inference
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on the nature of time
+
|[[wikipedia:Argument from analogy|Argument from analogy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Deductive reasoning
−
|Discourse on the nature of mind and body
+
|Deductive reasoning
 +
|[[wikipedia:Deductive reasoning|Deductive reasoning]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Dialectic reasoning
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on ethics as applied to war
+
|[[wikipedia:Dialectic|Dialectic]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Direct inference
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on the nature of beauty
+
|[[wikipedia:Statistical syllogism|Statistical syllogism]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Formal reasoning
−
|Discourse on law
+
|Formal reasoning
 +
|[[wikipedia:Reason|Reason]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Grammar
+
|Hypothetical syllogisms
−
|Grammar
+
|Hypothetical syllogisms
 +
|[[wikipedia:Hypothetical syllogism|Hypothetical syllogism]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Inductive reasoning
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on government
+
|[[wikipedia:Inductive reasoning|Inductive reasoning]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Propositional logic
 
|
 
|
−
|Dictionaries
+
|[[wikipedia:Propositional calculus|Propositional calculus]]
 +
|-
 +
|Syllogistic logic
 +
|Syllogistic logic
 +
|[[wikipedia:Syllogism|Syllogism]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Formal Reasoning
+
|Causation
−
|Formal reasoning
+
|The nature of causation
 +
|[[wikipedia:Causality|Causality]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Events
−
|Discourse on social welfare
+
|Discourse on the nature of events
 +
|[[wikipedia:Event (philosophy)|Event (philosophy)]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Existence
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on the nature of events
+
|[[wikipedia:Existence|Existence]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Education
+
|Mind body
−
|Education, its forms and recommendations
+
|Discourse on the nature of mind and body
 +
|[[wikipedia:Mind–body problem|Mind–body problem]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Objects and properties
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on the nature of belief
+
|[[wikipedia:Essence|Essence]]
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Processes
 
|
 
|
−
|Discourse on medical ethics
+
|[[wikipedia:Process philosophy|Process philosophy]]
 +
|-
 +
|Time
 +
|Discourse on the nature of time
 +
|[[wikipedia:Time|Time]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Whole and Parts
+
|Wholes and parts
 
|The relationship between wholes and parts
 
|The relationship between wholes and parts
 +
|[[wikipedia:Mereology|Mereology]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Education
 +
|Education, its forms and recommendations
 +
|[[wikipedia:Education|Education]]
 +
|-
 +
|Dictionary
 +
|Dictionaries
 +
|[[wikipedia:Dictionary|Dictionary]]
 +
|-
 +
|Etymology
 
|The notion of etymology
 
|The notion of etymology
 +
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|Etymology]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Social Welfare
+
|Grammar
−
|Social welfare, its forms and recommendations
+
|Grammar
 +
|[[wikipedia:Grammar|Grammar]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Law
−
|Economic policy, its forms and recommendations
+
|Discourse on law
 +
|[[wikipedia:Law of sines|Law of sines]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Diplomacy
−
|Syllogistic logic
+
|Discourse on diplomacy
 +
|[[wikipedia:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Economic policy
−
|Hypothetical syllogisms
+
|Discourse on economic policy
 +
|[[wikipedia:Economic policy|Economic policy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Government forms
−
|Deductive reasoning
+
|Discourse on government
−
|}
+
|[[wikipedia:Government|Government]]
−
 
 
−
==Unknown/unsorted==
 
−
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
−
! Topic
 
−
! Description
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Social welfare
 +
|Discourse on social welfare
 +
|[[wikipedia:Welfare|Welfare]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
 
{{Category|World}}
 
{{Category|World}}

Revision as of 06:21, 27 February 2016

xTATTEREDx  · +FINE+  · *SUPERIOR*  · ≡EXCEPTIONAL≡  · ☼MASTERWORK☼
v50.14 · v0.47.05
This article is about the current version of DF.
Note that some content may still need to be updated.


A diagram of all knowledge topics.

Topics (also Tech or Innovations) are part of knowledge.

There are around 300 innovations that can be discovered. Many of them have requirements, and many do not, so it's kind of a tech forest/grassland rather than a tree. Notably missing are innovations related to practical labors in the game (which will be added later in development).

Several innovations require innovations from other branches, and since all knowledge is individually tracked, that implies some investigators will need to be at least well-read if not skilled in various topics (there aren't currently joint research projects). There are some old and new mechanisms in place to ensure this happens.

There are 9 "branches" of the knowledge system.

Astronomy

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Dates of lunar and solar eclipses Saros (astronomy)
Daylight variation with solar year The variation of daylight with the season Daytime § Daytime variations with latitude and seasons
Geocentrism The theory that the sun moves around the world Geocentric model
Height of tides vs moon and sun The height of the tides, the moon and the sun
Heliocentrism The theory that the world moves around the sun Heliocentric model
Empirical observation Methods of empirical observation in astronomy Empirical evidence
Path models Orbit modeling
Path of the moon The path of the moon Orbit of the Moon
Phases of the moon The phases of the moon Lunar phase
Precession of equinoxes Axial precession
Relationship between lunar solar year The relationship between the lunar and solar year Lunisolar calendar
Shape of the world Spherical Earth
Star catalogues 100 Star catalogue
Star catalogues 1000 Star catalogue
Astrography The creation of star charts Star chart
Stellar Spectroscopy The classification of stars based on the light they emit Astronomical spectroscopy
Star magnitude classification Magnitude (astronomy)
Summer winter moon The rise of the moon according to the season Lunar calendar
Summer winter sun The rise of the sun according to the season Solar calendar
Tides and the moon The relationship between the moon and the tides Tide

Chemistry

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Adhesives The preparation and use of adhesive materials Adhesive
Aqua regia The preparation of aqua regia Aqua regia
Spirit of niter The preparation of spirit of niter Nitric acid
Oil of vitriol The preparation of oil of vitriol Sulfuric acid
Alkali and acids The classification of alkali and acids pH
Combustibles The classification of combustible materials Combustibility
Elemental theory The classification of materials based on which elemental materials might form them Chemical element
Ores The classification of ores Ore
Scratch test Scratch hardness
Alembic The construction and use of the alembic Alembic
Blast furnace The construction and use of the blast furnace Blast furnace
Crucible The construction and use of the crucible Crucible
Ampoule The construction and use of the ampoule Ampoule
Beaker The construction and use of the beaker Beaker
Flask Flask
Funnel The construction and use of the funnel Funnel
Retort The construction and use of the retort Retort
Vial The construction and use of the vial Vial
Lab ovens The construction and use of laboratory ovens
Systematic experiments Methods for performing experiments systematically in the laboratory
Theory of distillation The theory and methods involved in distillation Distillation
Theory of evaporation The theory and methods involved in evaporation Evapotation
Theory of liquid liquid extraction The theory and methods involved in the extraction of a constituent liquid from one solution to another Liquid–liquid extraction
Alloys The mixture of metals to produce alloys Alloy

Engineering

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Armillary sphere The construction and use of armillary spheres Armillary sphere
Astrolabe The construction and use of the astrolabe Astrolabe
Dioptra The construction and use of the dioptra Dioptra
Mural instrument Mural instrument
Orrery Orrery
Spherical astrolabe
Wood lamination The use of lamination Lamination
Models and templates The use of models and templates in engineering
Archimedes principle Archimedes' principle
Force pump Piston pump § Force pump
Theory of siphon The action of the siphon Siphon
Valves The construction and use of valves Valve
Astrarium Astrarium
Conical water clock
Hourglass Hourglass
Mechanical clock Clock § Early mechanical clocks
Shadow clock The use of shadows to tell direction and time Sundial
Water clock The use of water-based devices to tell time Water clock
Water clock reservoir The use of reservoirs in water-based clocks to improve their accuracy
Balance wheel Balance wheel
Bellows The construction and use of the bellows Bellows
Camshaft Camshaft
Chain drive The construction and use of chain drives Chain drive
Chariot odometer Odometer
Combination lock Combination lock
Crank Crank (mechanism)
Crankshaft Crankshaft
Differential gear Differential (mechanical device)
Double acting piston bellows Bellows
Lever The construction and use of the lever Lever
Mechanical compass Compass
Padlock The construction and use of the padlock Padlock
Piston Piston pump § Force pump
Pulley The construction and use of the pulley Pulley
Screw The construction and use of the screw Screw
Straight beam balance The construction and use of the straight-beam balance Weighing scale § Mechanical balances
Theory of gears The reasons why gears are effective Gear
Theory of lever The reasons why the lever is effective Lever
Theory of pulley The reasons why pulleys are effective Pulley
Theory of screw The reasons why screws are effective Screw
Theory of wedge The reasons why the wedge is effective Wedge
Theory of wheel and axle The reasons why the wheel-and-axle construction is effective Wheel and axle
Trip hammer Trip hammer
Tumbler lock The construction and use of the tumbler lock Pin tumbler lock
Verge escapement The construction and use of the verge escapement Verge escapement
Warded lock The construction and use of the warded lock Warded lock
Water powered piston bellows
Water powered sawmill Watermill
Water powered trip hammer Trip hammer
Water wheel Water wheel
Windlass The construction and use of the windlass Windlass
Atmospheric refraction Atmospheric refraction
Camera obscura The construction and use of the camera obscura Camera obscura
Cause of twilight Atmospheric optics
Crystal lens The construction and use of the crystal lens Lens (optics)
Glass lens The construction and use of the glass lens Lens (optics)
Height of atmosphere
Law of refraction Snell's law
Parabolic mirror Parabolic reflector
Theory of color Color theory
Theory of rainbows Rainbows
Water filled spheres The construction and use of water-filled sphere as a lens

Geography

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Accurate maps
Cartography The process involved in creating maps Cartography
Distance scale
Economic The placement of economic information on maps Economic geography
Geological The placement of geological information on maps Geologic map
Grid system Grid reference
Height measurements
Map projections Map projection
Atlases The collection of maps and other information together into a single text Atlas
Econometrics The process of economic data collection Econometrics
Surveying The process of surveying land Surveying
Cartographical
Engineering
Land
Military
Surveying staff The construction and use of the surveying staff
Triangulation Triangulation
Delta formation The process of the formation of deltas at the mouths of rivers River delta § Formation
Latitude climate zones
Origin of rainfall from evap condense The origin of rainfall through evaporation and condensation
Water cycle A world-wide cycle involving precipitation, oceans, rivers, and other forms of water Water cycle
Anemology The forces that govern wind patterns Global wind patterns

History

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Alternate history The exploration of how history would be different if some key past events had transpired differently Alternate history
Autobiographical adventure The method of writing a biography of oneself, particularly as it concerns a military campaign or adventure
Biographical dictionaries The compilation of brief biographies into one large collection Biographical dictionary
Biography The method of writing the history of a single individual Biography
Comparative biography The method of compiling several biographies to compare and contrast the subjects' character and to gain insight into history
Comparative anthropology The method of comparing and contrasting different cultures Cross-cultural studies
Cultural history The method of accurately and comprehensively describing cultures and civilizations Cultural history
Encyclopedia Encyclopedia
Genealogy The compilation of family lineages and methods of displaying them artfully Genealogy
Treatise on tech evolution Technological evolution
Archaeology The method of collecting and evaluating artifacts to learn about history and culture Archaeology
Source reliability The reliability of sources Source criticism
Personal interviews Using personal interviews as sources
Role of cultural differences The role of cultural differences in source reliability and interpretation Cultural relativism
Role of state bias and propaganda Propaganda
Role of systemic bias Systemic bias
Historical causation The causes of historical events Causality § History
Historical cycles The notion of historical, governmental and social cycles Cyclic history
Sociology The notion of bonds between members of a community Sociology
Social conflict Social conflict

Mathematics

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Equations The technique of balancing and completion for solving equations
Divergence of harmonic series The divergence of the harmonic series Harmonic series (mathematics)
Large Sums Simple formulas for certain arbitrarily large sums Summation
Pascals triangle A triangular configuration of numbers relating to the successive powers of any sum Pascal's triangle
Quadratic by completing square The solving of quadratic equations by completion of the square Completing the square
Quadratic formula A formula which solves quadratic equations Quadratic formula
Solving higher order polynomials Methods for solving certain equations involving powers higher than the quadratic
Systems of equations Methods of solving systems of equations Linear system
Sum-difference trig identities Trigonometric identities relating to the sums and differences of angles List of trigonometric identities § Angle sum and difference identities
Area enclosed by line and parabola The area enclosed by a parabola and a line The Quadrature of the Parabola
Area of circle Area of a disk
Area of triangle from side lengths Heron's formula
Basic geometry Geometric objects: points, lines, circles, triangles, and so on Geometry
Conic sections The categorization and properties of conic sections Conic section
Irrational numbers The existence of incommensurable ratios Irrational number
Geometric mean The relationship between the length of the altitude of a right triangle and the lengths of the segments into which it divides the hypotenuse Geometric mean theorem
Inscribed triangle on diameter is right The angles of triangles inscribed in a circle with one edge on the diameter Thales' theorem
Isosceles base angles equal The equality of the base angle of isosceles triangles Pons asinorum
Law of sines Law of sines
Existence of pi The relationship between the area of a circle and its radius, involving the ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter Approximations of π
Pi to 6 digits Approximations of π
Chords The properties of chords Chord (geometry)
Pythagorean Theorem The relationship between the lengths of the hypotenuse of a right triangle and the other two sides Pythagorean theorem
Pythagorean triples 3 digit Examples of triples of large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle Pythagorean triples
Pythagorean triples 4 digit Examples of triples of very large whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle Pythagorean triples
Pythagorean triples small Examples of triples of small whole numbers which, when taken together, are the lengths of the sides of a right triangle Pythagorean triples
Similar and congruent triangles The properties of similar and congruent triangles
Surface area of sphere The computation of the surface area of a sphere Sphere § Surface Area
Chord tables A table of chord lengths indexed by angle Ptolemy's table of chords
Volume of cone The computation of the volume of a cone Cone § Volume
Volume of pyramid The computation of the volume of different pyramids Pyramid (geometry) § Volume
Volume of sphere The computation of the volume of a sphere Sphere § Volume
Axioms Axiomatic reasoning Axiomatic system
Method of exhaustion An approximation of the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter, using the area of polygons and the method of exhaustion Method of exhaustion
Proof by contradiction The method of proof by contradiction Proof by contradiction
Symbol for addition The idea of using symbolic notation for addition Plus and minus signs § Plus sign
Scientific notation Notation for very large numbers Scientific notation
Negative numbers Notation for negative quantities Negative number
Place values Positional notation Positional notation
Algebra Notation for abbreviating the unknown and other elements of an equation in a systematic and useful fashion Algebra
Zero A symbol for nothingness 0 (number)
Euclidean Algorithm An algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor of two numbers Euclidean algorithm
Chinese remainder algorithm An algorithm for computing a number which has given remainders when divided by several given primes Chinese remainder theorem
Division An algorithm for dividing one number into another, possibly yielding a remainder Euclidean division
Euclid's Theorem A proof that there are infinitely many prime numbers Euclid's theorem
Irrationality of root 2 A proof that the length of a diagonal of a square is incommensurable with its edge Square root of 2 § Proofs of irrationality
Approximation of root 2 An approximation for the length of the diagonal of a square Square root of 2 § History
Sieve algorithm for primes Sieve of Eratosthenes
Unique prime factorization The unique decomposition of a number into products of its prime divisors Fundamental theorem of arithmetic

Medicine

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Anesthesia Anesthesia Anesthesia
Asylum for mentally ill Psychiatric hospital
Autopsy Autopsy
Cataract surgery Cataract surgery
Cauterization Cauterization Cauterization
Fracture immobilization Bone fracture § Immobilization
Fracture treatment The treatment of fractures Bone fracture § Treatment
Hernia surgery Hernia surgery Hernia § Surgery
Hospital lab Medical laboratory
Lithotomy surgery The lithotomy surgery Lithotomy
Medical school Medical school
Physical examination The method of physical examination in diagnosing illness Physical examination
Professional hospital staff
Specialized wards
Draining The surgical method of draining Drain (surgery)
Excision The surgical method of excision
Incision The surgical method of incision
Ligature The surgical method of ligature Ligature (medicine)
Probing The surgical method of probing
Scraping The surgical method of scraping
Suturing The surgical method of suturing Surgical suture
Tracheotomy surgery The tracheotomy surgery Tracheotomy
Traumatic injuries The treatment of traumatic injuries
Acute and chronic conditions The distinction between acute and chronic conditions
Anatomical studies Anatomical studies for medical edification Human body
Blood vessels Blood vessel
Classification of bodily fluids The classification of bodily fluids Body fluid
Classification of mental illnesses Mental disorder
Classification of muscles Muscle
Comparative anatomy
Convalescence Convalescence
Disease and fouled water The connection between disease and fouled water Waterborne diseases
Pathology The classification of disease Nosology
Endemic disease Endemic (epidemiology)
Epidemic disease The theory of epidemic disease Epidemic
Exacerbation The notion of the exacerbation of a patient's condition Exacerbation
Eye anatomy The anatomy of the eye Human eye
Fracture classification The classification of fractures Bone fracture § Classification
Motor vs sensory nerves
Nervous system function Nervous system
Paroxysm The notion of paroxysm Paroxysmal attack
Prognosis Determining the likely outcome given a patient's current status Prognosis
Pulmonary circulation Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary medicine Pulmonary medicine Pulmonology
Reaction time Mental chronometry
Relapse Relapse
Specialized surgical instruments The use of specialized surgical instruments Surgical instrument
Surgical models The use of practice models in surgery
The voice The source of the voice Phonation
Toxicology The classification of toxic substances Toxicology
Treatment of mental illnesses Treatment of mental disorders
Animal remedies Remedies prepared from animals
Animals as surgical models The use of animals as surgical models
Bandages The method of bandaging wounds Bandage
Dedicated hospitals Hospital
Forceps Forceps
Herbal remedies Herbal remedies Herbalism
Mineral remedies Mineral remedies
Mud bags as surgical models The use of mud bags as surgical models
Orthopedic cast Orthopedic cast
Plants as surgical models
Scalpel Scalpel
Needles The construction and use of surgical needles Surgical suture § Needles
Surgical scissors Surgical scissors
Traction bench Traction (orthopedics)

Naturalist

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Dissection The dissection of creatures Dissection
Anatomy The anatomical study of creatures Anatomy
Veterinary medicine The diseases of creatures
Embryology The embriological development of creatures Embryology
Foraging behavior The foraging behavior and diet of creatures Foraging
Migration The migratory patterns of creatures Animal migration
Reproductive behavior The reproductive behavior of creatures Reproduction
Social behavior The social behavior of creatures Social behavior
Physical taxonomy The classification of creatures by their physical features Taxonomy (biology)
Climactic adaptation The way that creatures are suited to the climates in which they live Climatic adaptation
Comparative anatomy Comparative anatomy
Food chain Food chain
Struggle for existence The struggle for survival among creatures Struggle for existence

Philosophy

Topic Description Wikipedia link
Nature of beauty Discourse on the nature of beauty Beauty (ancient thought)
Value of art Aesthetics
Belief Discourse on the nature of belief Epistemology § Belief
Justification Discourse on the nature of justification Epistemology § Justification
Perception Discourse on the nature of perception Philosophy of perception
Truth Epistemology § Truth
Individual value Discourse on the meaning of individual happiness Value (ethics) § Personal values
State consequentialism Discourse on ethics as it regards the benefit of the state State consequentialism
Interpersonal Ethics Discourse on ethics as applied to interpersonal conduct
Medical Discourse on medical ethics Medical ethics
Military Discourse on ethics as applied to war Ethics § Military ethics
Analogical inference Argument from analogy
Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning
Dialectic reasoning Dialectic
Direct inference Statistical syllogism
Formal reasoning Formal reasoning Reason
Hypothetical syllogisms Hypothetical syllogisms Hypothetical syllogism
Inductive reasoning Inductive reasoning
Propositional logic Propositional calculus
Syllogistic logic Syllogistic logic Syllogism
Causation The nature of causation Causality
Events Discourse on the nature of events Event (philosophy)
Existence Existence
Mind body Discourse on the nature of mind and body Mind–body problem
Objects and properties Essence
Processes Process philosophy
Time Discourse on the nature of time Time
Wholes and parts The relationship between wholes and parts Mereology
Education Education, its forms and recommendations Education
Dictionary Dictionaries Dictionary
Etymology The notion of etymology Etymology
Grammar Grammar Grammar
Law Discourse on law Law of sines
Diplomacy Discourse on diplomacy Diplomacy
Economic policy Discourse on economic policy Economic policy
Government forms Discourse on government Government
Social welfare Discourse on social welfare Welfare
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