Editing v0.31:Bentgirder

{{Quality|Exceptional|07:25, 15 July 2010 (UTC)}}

'''Bentgirder''' is a ''Dwarf Fortress'' package for beginners. With it, you skip [[World_generation|generating a world]], finding an [[Embark|embark point]], and [[Embark#Creating_Your_Settlers|preparing an expedition]]. Unzip the Bentgirder package to the same directory as ''Dwarf Fortress'', and play along with this tutorial. 

You can get Bentgirder here: [http://dffd.wimbli.com/file.php?id=2645 Download] If you're using a graphical tile set, you will need to copy over the modified raw files. If you're using the [[Lazy Newb Pack]] there's an automatic save updater that will do this for you. If you have already created a world, you can use the same [http://dffd.wimbli.com/file.php?id=2855 embark file] used for Bentgirder. This gives you the same [[starting build]], but you're on your own for finding a location. 

Any questions or comments about Bentgirder? See the official [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=74208.0 forum thread]. 

[[Category: Guides]]

<!-- [[File:Strike-the-earth.png]] -->

= Lesson One: Getting Started =

== Starting the game ==

At the '''main menu''', choose to '''continue''' a game (use arrow keys, then hit enter to select). It will ask you to pick a game region, but there should only be one choice: region0, the location of future outpost '''Matthob''', aka '''Bentgirder'''. A loading screen will appear, with the words "loading game..."

== Setting up your screen ==

[[File:MainMenuv0.31.png|The command window.|frame]]

{| class="wikitable"
! Used keys
|-
|  [[Image:Mouse-wheeldown.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel down.]][[Image:Mouse-wheelup.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel up.]]
| Zoom in and out.
|-
| {{k|Tab}}
| Toogle mini-map and command menu.
|-
| {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} ( + {{k|shift}})
| Move around.
|-
| {{k|F11}}
| Toggle fullscreen.
|-
| {{k|F1}}
| Zoom to starting location.
|}

The '''default screen''' setup is a little crowded. The actual game view is on the left hand side. You can use the {{k|tab}} key to hide the '''mini-map''' and the '''command menu'''. Just keep tapping tab to cycle through different configurations. You might want to keep the command menu visible for easy reference. That seems like a lot of commands, but some of them are more useful than others.

In the most recent versions of ''Dwarf Fortress'', you can re-size the window with the mouse, and zoom in and out with the mouse wheel. Also, you can toggle the full-screen mode with {{k|F11}}, but that will make it harder to read this as you play.

You can use the arrow keys ({{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}}) to scroll around the map. To move 10 tiles at once, use {{k|shift}}+ direction. If you get lost, press {{k|F1}} to center the screen where you first embarked.

== Game Options ==

{{k|Esc}} brings up the game '''options menu''', which includes things like '''volume control''', and the '''quit & save''' option. Note there is no save & continue option. ''Dwarf Fortress'' is hardcore. If your fortress goes south, you don't go back to your last save, you have to struggle through, or [[abandon]] and start over. Remember, losing is [[Fun]]!

== When in doubt, pause the game ==

The game starts paused. Use the {{k|space}} bar '''pause and unpause''' your game. It might be best to leave it paused for now. Without any orders from you, your dwarves will only mill around and eat. 

== Looking around: k ==

[[File:bentgirder-embark.png|thumb|Starting out.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! Used keys
|-
| {{k|k}}
| Look around.
|-
| {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} ( + {{k|shift}})
| Move around.
|}


First, lets make sense of this jumble of characters that is the main screen. Press {{k|k}} to activate the '''look mode'''. This pauses the game, and puts a yellow {{Raw Tile|X|6:0:1}} in the middle of the screen. That X is your cursor. Use the arrow keys or number pad to move it around. The right side of the screen will show a list of what is in the selected tile. It also shows what the ground below is made of. 

The screen will be centered on a 3x3 brown square. That's the [[wagon]] full of supplies to get you through the [[year]]. Nearby, you will see your seven dwarves, a few animals, and lots of [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. To the right, there's a [[brook]]. The dark blue patches that show up as "empty space" are [[Murky pool|ponds]]. 

Opposite the brook is a '''hillside'''. The green up-arrows are upward slopes, so your dwarves can walk up this hill easily. Beyond that is a silt [[loam]] wall. That's just a kind of dirt. It's called a wall because the whole tile is full of dirt. 

Press {{k|Esc}}ape to end look mode.

== Moving up and down ==

[[Image:3_dimensions.png|right]]

{| class="wikitable"
! Used keys
|-
| {{k|<}} {{k|>}}
| Move one z-level up or down.
|}

''Dwarf Fortress'' is a '''three dimensional''' game. Anywhere you can use the arrow keys to move a cursor or the map, you can use {{k|<}} and {{k|>}} to move vertically. Each step is called a '''z-level'''. You can only see one z-level at a time.  Undiscovered earth is blacked out, while empty space above ground show as light blue. In the bottom right of the screen, there's a display of the current z-level.  On the right is also a scroll bar that shows where you are relative to sky (light blue) and earth (dark). The wagon is parked on level 146. 

If you move the display up one step, (to 147) most of the map will appear light blue indicating empty space, but the hill to the left now looks normal. Note that the up-arrows, viewed from this level now show as down arrows. Conversely, if you go down to 145, all you can see is the bottoms of the ponds and the brook (dark blue).
If you follow the brook south, there's a valley at the bottom edge of the map. From level 146 it appears as empty space, but on 145, it is normal terrain.

== View creatures: v ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Used keys
|-
| {{k|v}}
| View creatures.
|-
| {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} ( + {{k|shift}})
| Move around.
|}

{{k|k}} is good for looking at the map itself, but to get '''more information on [[creatures]]''' (including your dwarves) use {{k|v}}. This works a lot like "k-mode", but the right side menu now shows detailed info on the creature closest to the cursor. If you're between creatures, or if there's more than one in a tile, press {{k|v}} again to cycle between creatures.

There are four sub-sections here: general, inventory, preferences, and wounds. For your dwarves, '''general''' shows what [[skill]]s that dwarf has. '''Inventory''' shows what items the dwarf is carrying and wearing. '''Preferences''' shows what [[labor]] the dwarf will do. (This will be important later.) '''Wounds''' shows the creature's [[wound|injuries]] as color codes. Healthy body parts are shown as bright white. 

<!-- add keys for labor and so on -->

==Secondary selection keys: +, -==

In many modes, you can scroll though the information in the right-hand menu with the secondary select keys, {{k|+}} and {{k|-}}. For example, scrolling through lists of skills when viewing a dwarf. 

== Unit List: u ==

[[File:bentgirder-unit-list.png|thumb|The unit list.]]

Press {{k|u}} to bring up unit list. This shows every living thing on the map. That's your seven dwarves, two dogs, one cat, a donkey, and some wild deer. ("Stray" animals are tame, but not attached to any individual dwarf.)

There are several useful functions here. Use {{k|v}} to get more info on the highlighted creature. For the animals, this jumps straight to a description. For dwarves, there is an intermediate screen showing the dwarf's owned objects. 

Use c to go back to the map, centered on the highlighted creature. For example, we could find out where those wild [[deer]] are hiding. This puts you into the view creature mode, just like the v command, above.

== Fortress Status: z ==

[[File:bentgirder-status-1.png|thumb|The status screen.]]

Instead of scanning around the map, you can press {{k|z}} to get an overview of the whole fortress from the [[status]] screen. This screen has a lot of information:  
* '''Current date''' In the upper right corner.
* '''Dwarven population''' Sorted by [[profession]], civilians in the center,  [[soldier]]s on the right. 
* '''Food and drink'''  In the lower left corner.
* '''Fortress wealth''' including created, imported, and exported wealth, on the left side.

Since your dwarves don't know how much stuff is around (without a [[bookkeeper]]) or how much stuff is worth (without a [[broker]]), the food and wealth information is not helpful. (More on that later.)

= Lesson Two: Meet Vabôk the Miner =

<!-- [[File: vabok-skills.png|left|Vabok's skills.]] -->
[[File:bentgirder-vabok.png|thumb|Vabôk's profile.]]

She may not look tough, but Vabôk is your only [[miner]] and that makes her very important. 

== Designation Menu: d ==

[[File:DesignateMenu2010.png|frame|The designation window.]]

Enough looking around, let's start [[mining]]! Press {{k|d}} to bring up the designations menu. This gives us the cursor, and a list of options, each with a letter.  

Let's go straight down, right next to the wagon. For that we need downward staircase. According to the window, that's {{k|j}}. Press j and downward staircase becomes highlighted. 

The designation mode assumes that you want to mark a rectangular area. To make a designation, press {{k|enter}} to mark one corner, move the cursor to the opposite corner, and press {{k|enter}} again. You can also use the mouse, which is easier for small designations, like the one we're about to make. 

Since we only need a small staircase, just click one square. The square is now marked with a > sign. As soon as we unpause, Vabok will walk to the tile, and carve a staircase into the dirt. 

One problem, though. A designation doesn't cross z-levels. If you look at the level below, you'll see that the square below is exposed, but does not contain a staircase. We need to designate an upward staircase ({{k|u}}) in that square before we can dig any further. 

Once that's taken care of, we can use the regular dig designation {{k|d}} to dig horizontally. We need some space for shelter and storage, so make a tunnel north or west, and then expand it into a big underground room. 

Note that in designation mode, any tile that's next to water will blink blue. They also blink red for hot stones (near lava). This is to warn you against mining into water and flooding your fortress. If you dig north of the wagon, you might get a [[damp stone]] warning for no obvious reason. There are a few tiny ponds on this hill above, which triggers the damp stone warning, but isn't really a risk if you dig into it. Just don't try to dig upwards from there!

==Removing designations==

If you make a designation by accident, you can remove it from the designation mode. Choose remove designation, ({{k|x}}) and mark the tiles you want to un-designate.  If Vabok has already mined it out, You'll need to [[construct]] a wall to fill it back in. More on that once we get to Meng the mason.

==You have struck gypsum!==

[[Soil]] just disappears as it is mined out, but [[stone]] is left behind in big chunks. There is an outcropping  of stone nearby, north and west of the wagon. [[Gypsum]] is a type of stone that can be made into [[plaster powder]]. There is also some useful [[lignite]] nearby, a source of [[fuel]] for your forge, and clusters of agates, a type of low-value [[gem]]. 

== Announcement list: a ==

Most of these discoveries will be announced by a message at the bottom of the screen

Press {{k|a}} to see previous [[announcement]]s. As you fortress grows, these come up more and more often, so it's easy to miss them. Also note that you can zoom {{k|z}} to the location of an announcement from here. 

==Experience==

The more Vabok digs, the more [[Experience|experienced]] she gets in mining. As her skill increases, she'll dig squares out quicker and destroy less  [[rock]], [[gem]]s, and [[ore]], as she goes.  

This is true of all skills in ''Dwarf Fortress''. Dwarves improve their skills through practice. More skill means higher quality work, done faster. Keeping your dwarves working and learning is the key to a thriving fortress. 

== Other Designations: cutting trees, gathering plants ==

While we're waiting for Vabok to finish our new digs, (pardon the pun) we can put our other dwarves to work with other designations. 

Choose the "chop down trees" designation {{k|t}}, and mark a big swath around the wagon. Then do it again with "gather plants", {{k|p}}. Your dwarves will quickly go to work on these tasks. 

That's three out of seven dwarves hard at work. Not bad for just knowing one command! Try to keep Vabok busy expanding and exploring as you continue this tutorial.

= Lesson Three: Meet Stâkud the Carpenter =

[[File: bentgirder-stakud.png|thumb|Stâkud the Carpenter]]

== Building: b ==

To get any carpentry done, we need the appropriate [[workshop]]. Press {{k|b}} for the build menu. There are three pages of things that can be built here, and some of these entries lead to sub-menus. You can use the secondary select keys here, and each entry has a shortcut key as well.  We are looking for workshops. Press {{k|w}} for the shortcut. The carpenter's workshop is on the first page here, with the shortcut {{k|c}}.

Now it's time to place the workshop where we want it. Since there's not much room underground, lets build it on the surface for now. It's trivial to break down a workshop and build a new one, so it doesn't have to be perfect. 

The last step is choosing the materials to build it out of. Like most workshops, it can be built out of wood, metal, or stone, and it only takes one unit of materials. Our woodcutter has been hard at work, so there is some [[wood]] lying around, and there are a few tower-cap logs on the wagon, just in case. If Vabok has hit usable stone, that will appear here as well. Materials are sorted by distance from the building site, and they are all equally good, so just take the first one. 

Stâkud will haul the selected building materials to the chosen location and start building his workshop.

== Workshop Control: q ==

Press {{k|q}} for the view room mode. This works a lot like view creature mode. Move the cursor near a room, and you'll get some options listed in the right panel. The only rooms so far are the new [[carpenter's workshop]] and the wagon. The wagon's only option is to tear it down, but the workshop has the all important "add new task" option. 

This brings up a list of things that can be built at this workshop. For now, lets build some [[bed]]s. Our dwarves are going to get tired eventually, and beds can only be made from [[wood]]. Note that you can't specify what material to build the beds out of. Stâkud just grabs some nearby wood and starts working. 

== Stockpiles: p ==

[[File:StockpilesMenu2010.png|frame|The stockpile menu.]]

Kubuk has been leaving cut-down [[tree]]s all over the place. Why don't we move them all closer to the carpenter's workshop so Stakud doesn't have to drag them so far? 

Press {{k|p}} for the stockpiles mode. Making a [[stockpile]] works just like a designation, but with no mouse control. We want a wood stockpile, so press {{k|w}} to highlight wood. Then mark the opposite corners of a small rectangular area near Stakud's workshop. The area is filled in with = signs. As soon as the game resumes, all your dwarves will run to fill the stockpile with logs.

Why stop there? The beds that Stakud is building are just [[clutter]]ing up the workshop. Lets make a [[furniture]] stockpile on the opposite side. Note that there is some furniture on the wagon: an [[anvil]], a [[bucket]], and a few empty [[bag]]s. (In the future, you can use the {{k|q}} command and then {{k|s}} (for settings) on the stockpile to specify exactly what you want stored in each stockpile.  Part of the learning curve in DF is figuring out what stockpiles store which things!)

Vabok should be about done clearing space underground, and all these rats are making me nervous. Create a big 10x10 food stockpile in the cleared space. 

You can use {{k|k}} to look at the contents of your stockpiles. Take a look at your new beds, the enormous quantity of [[booze]], and the barrels of revolting [[organ]] [[meat]]s. 

Eventually, you will want to move all your workshops and stockpiles underground. There are creatures that will steal your things. Moving everything underground is safer. Building them on the surface is just to get started quickly.

== Quality symbols ==

Notice that your new creations have symbols around their names, like -pine bed- or +cedar bed+. These are [[quality]] indicators. Items with no symbols are minimum quality crap. As a general rule, more lines mean more quality, which means the item is worth more money. 

* -double value-
* +triple value+
* <nowiki>*quadruple value*</nowiki>
* ≡five times base value≡
* {{DB}}twelve times base value{{DB}} -- This is called a [[masterpiece]], and you get an announcement every time one is made.

== Placing Furniture (beds) ==

Dwarves can't use a bed while it's in the stockpile. To set up a bed properly, use the build mode again. Bed is the second option, shortcut {{k|b}}. This is just like how we built the workshop, but instead of a log, the only component is a bed. If there isn't an unused bed in a stockpile (or the workshop itself) you get the cryptic message, "Need bed". Beds and other [[furniture]] needs to be ''constructed'' at a workshop before it can be ''built'' on the map. 

A lot of the things in the build menu are pieces of furniture that can be created at your carpenter's workshop: Tables, chairs, doors, hatch covers, and so on. 

== Bins and Barrels ==

Besides beds, the most important things a carpenter will make are [[bin]]s and [[barrel]]s. Barrels are used to hold food and drink. Bins are used to store nearly everything else. Try to keep a few extras of each.

= Lesson Four: Meet &Iuml;teb the Farmer =

Ïteb has already been working on the surface, gathering useful plants, but his main function is to plant a farm. 

==Farming ==
All the seeds you have are for dwarven [[crop]]s that grow underground. Farms can only be built on soil or muddy stone. Dig an area for your farm, one z-level below the surface and near the brook or a pond. A three by three area will easily feed all your dwarves. Make it four-by-four if you want a big one. 

Now it's time to build a [[farm plot]]. It's in the build menu, and the shortcut is p. Changing the size of your plot with u,m,k, and h. {{k|u}} and {{k|k}} make it larger, {{k|h}}and {{k|m}} make it smaller. (This awkward method is used in a very few places in ''Dwarf Fortress''.) As soon as you exit build mode, Ïteb will build the new plot. 

Now watch as Ïteb comes and builds the fields.  Once your plot is constructed, use {{k|q}} to view its settings. Here, you can use the secondary select to choose a crop to grow for the current season. You can also use a-d to plan other seasons of the year. What to grow first?

==Plump Helmets: the staff of life==

[[Plump helmet]]s are the best thing to grow in a new fortress. They can be eaten raw, with no preparation required. You can grow them year-round.  They can also be [[brew]]ed into dwarven wine, but more about that later. You have a bag of seeds for nearly every dwarven crop in your starting supplies, but none are as immediately useful as plump helmets. You can experiment with the other [[crop]]s later on. 

Once you make your selection, Ïteb will start bringing seeds (called "spawn") to plant. If you made a big farm, you might get an alert that Ïteb is out of plump helmet spawn. Don't panic. That is just temporary. Every time a dwarf eats (or brews) a plump helmet, a spawn seed gets spat onto the floor. Eventually, these seeds get gathered back into your food stockpile, with the rest of the seeds.

= Lesson Five: Meet Meng the Mason =

A [[mason's workshop]] is very much like the carpenter's workshop, only it makes things out of [[stone]]. Since you will soon be neck deep in stone, it's a very attractive choice for building material. A mason can build a lot of the things that a carpenter can, plus a few that can only be made from stone. 

==What's in a name?==

Some items have different names, depending on what material the item is made out of. Stone chairs are called "thrones" and stone chests are called "coffers". Don't get confused! They work exactly the same. There are a lot of items that have multiple names, like [[coffin]]s (aka caskets or sarcophagi), [[goblet]]s (aka mugs or cups), and [[flask]]s (aka waterskins or vials). 

==What's [[Economic_stone|economic stone]]?==
[[File: bentgirder-economic-stone.png|thumb|Make gypsum available for general use.]]
One of the options under the [[status]] screen is [[Stone]]s. (Remember, bring up the status screen by pressing {{k|z}}).  This is where you direct your dwarves which stones are reserved for special uses and which can be used to make any old thing ([[crafts]], [[mechanism]]s, [[furniture]], etc.). This prevents a future engineer from taking a very valuable (say [[platinum]]) stone and making a [[quality|no name]] mechanism out of it.  Gypsum is reserved as a component of [[Plaster_powder|plaster]], but we have an abundance.  Go ahead and hit enter when gypsum is selected to change it from red (unavailable for general use) to green (available).

== Build a trade depot==
Your fortress is not isolated. [[Merchant]]s will come to [[trade]] several times a year. This is a great failsafe. If you need more food or drink, if you need another [[pick]] or [[axe]], if you need [[thread]] or [[cloth]] or even a bag of [[sand]], you can trade for it. But the merchants will not visit you if you don't have a [[trade depot]]. 

Start one from the build menu, shortcut {{k|D}}. Since merchants need to access it, I suggest building it on the surface. It's a big 5x5 room, and it takes three units of building materials. It's also one of the few buildings that need to be ''designed'' before being built. This means a [[building designer]] has to work on the area before the actual building process begins. Fortunately, Meng has this skill as well as masonry. 

Actual trading is handled by the fortress [[broker]], a position to which you can appoint any dwarf.

== Assign Nobles: n ==

[[File:bentgirder-nobles-1.png|thumb|The nobles and administrators screen.]]

Press {{k|n}} to bring up the  '''nobles and administrators''' screen. We need to assign a [[broker]], so use the arrow keys to move the highlight to '''broker''', and press enter. This brings up a list of dwarves. Once you highlight a dwarf, any relevant skills will be shown on the right.  We have one dwarf with the [[Appraiser]] skill: Mörul Kibdakon. He is already our [[expedition leader]], but that's OK. Mörul also has medical skills, so you could set him up as [[chief medical dwarf]]. (More on medicine when we get to him.)

While we're at it, let's appoint a [[bookkeeper]], to fix all those annoying question marks in the status screen. Sadly, none of our starting seven have the proper skills for this job. You can assign an unskilled dwarf to this position, but it will take much more work for your records to be made accurate.  If you've gotten any [[migrant]]s by now, you could appoint a useless [[peasant]] to this role. If not, then one of the seven founders can take the job for now. 

Notice that once you select a bookkeeper, the nobles screen will show a red "REQUIRE" warning on that line. If you highlight that line and press enter, it shows you what that noble or administrator needs. In the case of the bookkeeper, that's a "meager office".

== Make an office ==

All an office really needs is a [[chair]]. Adding a table is customary as the office holder will often eat in the office, and will complain if there isn't a table. If you want to make a nice, permanent office, dig out a 3x3 room with stone walls. If you're impatient, you can set up a temporary office anywhere. By now you should know how to construct and place a table and chair. 

Use {{k|q}} to view the chair. The only option will be "r: make throne room or study." Choose this option, and you'll get the option to choose the size of the "study" with the secondary select keys. Notice that it conforms to walls and doors. Press enter once you've got a nice size. The last step is to assign the chair to our new bookkeeper with {{k|a}}. 

Note that any furniture within that area is considered part of the office, so if there's a bed there, it belongs to the bookkeeper now, and only she can sleep in it. If there's a chest or cabinet there, she might start keeping her things in it. 

This is a common method in ''Dwarf Fortress'' of placing a piece of furniture and expanding a [[room]] around it. Chairs turn into offices, tables turn into [[dining room]]s, beds turn into [[bedroom]]s, coffins turn into [[tomb]]s, [[chain]]s and [[cage]]s into [[jail]]s, [[statue]]s turn into statue gardens, and nearly anything can be turned into a [[barracks]]. 

==Make a mass tomb==
More often than not, some of your dwarves will meet [[fun|untimely deaths]].  Dwarves like to bury their comrades properly.  Have Meng build a few [[coffin]]s at the mason workshop. (The queue size for most workshops is 10.  If you want more, you can use the job manager queue, but don't forget to appoint a [[manager]].)  At the same time, have Vabôk mine out a small 3x3 area.  Once the coffins are done, have them built ({{K|b}} and then {{K|n}}) in the area that you mined out. After the coffin is installed, designate the coffin for use by your dwarves by ({{K|q}} and then {{K|b}}).  Nobles demand (and rightfully belong in) [[tomb]]s, which are coffins made into rooms and assigned to them specifically.

==Making a dining hall==
[[Dining_room|Dining halls]] are simple - a few tables and chairs in a room.  Have a larger 5x5 area mined out close to your food stockpiles.  Then, have four or five stone [[chair]]s (thrones, remember) and [[table]]s made.  Arrange the tables and chairs in the room as you like, making sure that every table has a chair next to it.  Don't worry about blocking doors, as dwarves don't believe in manners and will walk over most furniture if needed.  Now, designate the room for use as a dining room by pressing {{k|q}} , then selecting the table.  You can also designate the room as a [[Meeting_hall|meeting place]], which means dwarves will hang out there if they don't have any jobs to do.  This also means they can celebrate weddings and have [[Party|parties]] there, too!  Grand dining halls are a good way to make your dwarves happy.

==Construction==
Oops!  You mined out the wrong square. Or, "Boy wouldn't a lookout tower be nice so my [[crossbowman|marksdwarves]] can pelt the enemy with bolts?"  These are possible with [[constructions]].  You can designate what to construct under the build menu, ({{k|b}}-{{k|C}}). You'll need to determine what you want to build, and the material that will be used.  (The material determines who will build it - a mason for rock, etc.) Now you can build [[stair]]s, [[ramp]]s, [[wall]]s to finish whatever [[Mega_construction|project]] you have in mind.

= Lesson Six: Meet Sazir the Mechanic =

Sazir has two jobs: He's a [[mechanic]] and a [[stone crafter]]. The former task requires a [[mechanic's workshop]], and the latter calls for a [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]. 

==Traps==

[[Trap]]s are the easiest way to defend your fortress. Your dwarves, and friendly visitors like the merchants, can walk across traps without danger, but they are devastating to hostile creatures and wildlife. 

To build traps, you need mechanisms. A [[mechanism]] is an abstract collection of gears, pulleys and widgets that can be used to make machines. Mechanisms are made from stone, at a mechanic's workshop, and stored in a furniture stockpile. There are lots of fun things you can do with mechanisms, like a [[drawbridge]] that raises with a pull of a lever. This lesson only covers the easy ones. Advanced [[trap design]] is too big a subject to cover here. 

Once you have a few mechanisms created, you can build traps using the build menu, '''traps/levers''' sub-menu. ({{k|b}}-{{k|T}}) There are four kinds of traps. The most basic trap is the stone fall trap, a simple stone suspended above a tile. The other three are cage, weapon, and spike traps. To build one, you need one mechanism. Once the trap is built, it needs to be loaded with a lump of rock. When an intruder steps into that tile, the rock falls on him. Crude, and not too effective.  The trap will then have to be reloaded.  You should {{k|f}}orbid the trap otherwise it could be reloaded while the enemy is still around. 

Cage trap can capture some intruders alive with great efficiency. (What to do with [[captured creatures]] is another question.) They are built just like the stone fall trap, but instead of a rock, you need a [[cage]]. Wooden cages can be created at the carpenter's workshop, glass terrariums in the glass shop, etc. 

Notice that cages don't get stored in the furniture stockpile. Instead, they go to the animal stockpile {{k|p}}-{{k|a}}. If you catch something in a cage trap, or you buy an animal from the merchants, the cage with its occupant are brought back to this stockpile. It's a good idea to keep some empty space in this stockpile, if you're using cage traps.  To remove the animal from the cage, build the cage {{k|b}}-{{k|j}} and then use the {{k|q}} command to deselect the occupant.  A dwarf will come along and let the creature out.

==Trade Goods: Bentgirder Memorial Collectible Mugs==

As a stone crafter, Sazir can turn common stone into valuable [[goods|trade goods]]. The idea is to fill up a few bins of useless gewgaws, then trade them for more useful stuff from the merchants. The best place to start is stone mugs. Mugs are nice, since each lump of rock always turns into three mugs. (This is true of wineskins, cups, goblets, and flasks, too.) If mugs are too dull, make [[craft]]s instead. Crafts are randomized and often produce interesting figurines.

==More on Stockpiles==

Trade goods can take up a huge amount of space. Make a big stockpile for [[finished goods]], and keep making [[bin]]s. Each bin can hold around twenty small items. Bins will not only improve storage, but also make it easier to move the goods to the depot when the merchants arrive. 

You might want to make a stockpile for everything. For example, you need to make a weapon stockpile to move the extra pick off the wagon, and a cloth stockpile to store the cloth and thread supply. There are a few pitfalls here: 

* '''Stone''' Don't make a large stone stockpile, or your dwarves will spend too much time hauling stone. There is simply too much of the stuff. 
* '''Corpses''' Don't use this stockpile to take and store dead dwarves. Build [[coffin]]s for a proper burial. 
* '''Refuse''' Things in this stockpile will [[rot]], by definition. To avoid clouds of [[miasma]], build it outdoors.

= Lesson Seven: Meet Mörul the Expedition Leader =

Mörul is the most multi-talented member of your group. He will be your fort's leader, broker, brewer, and doctor. 

==Brewing==
[[Brewing]] is essential to dwarven society as all dwarves need alcohol to get through the working day, as displayed in their profiles.  Mörul, in addition to his other skills, is a brewer. The brewer's workshop is called a [[still]]. To make drinks, all he needs are some brewable plants and a [[barrel]] to store it in. 

Your most common drink starting out, will be [[dwarven wine]], which is made from brewing [[plump helmet]]s.  Always be sure to have a decent stock of plants to brew, as dwarves drink about three times as much as they eat. As a plus, brewing leaves the seeds behind, so your food can be brewed into drink while the seeds go right back into the ground. What plant gets brewed vs cooked? In the {{k|z}} status screen you can tell your cook exactly that using the ''kitchen'' menu.  

==Trading==
[[File: movegoods.png|thumb|Selecting goods for the depot.]]
[[File: trading.png|thumb|The trading screen]]

[[Trading]] is also under Mörul's authority.  He will be meeting [[merchant]]s at your trade depot up to three times a year, in Spring for the [[elf|elves]], Summer for the [[human]]s, and Autumn for the [[dwarf|dwarves]].  

When the merchants arrive, you'll get an announcement, the game will pause, and the screen will center on the newly arrived merchant. To prepare for trading, use the room control ({{k|q}}) on the [[trade depot]], and choose move {{k|g}}oods to depot. From this screen, you can use the arrow keys and enter to select anything in the fortress to be moved here for trading. This is an awful lot to scroll through, but you can press {{k|s}} to type in a partial name of the item you're looking for. If you search for "goods" it will show all the finished goods bins in the fortress. With a good broker, you can also sort by distance or item value.

Now simply wait as the traders meander their way to your depot.  An announcement will show you when they have started unloading their goods.  You can begin trading once all the traders have arrived.  Should anything happen to them (ambush, for example), they will make a run for it, and possibly abort trading with you. Once they have unloaded all their goods and your goods have all been moved to the depot, it is time to call your broker.  Use the room control on the [[trade depot]] to request a trader.  Note the other option that allows anyone to trade or specifically forbids anyone except the broker.  Hit {{k|b}} to let anyone trade.  Also, hit {{k|r}} to request a trader at the depot.  Once the dwarf has arrived, from the control screen of the trade center hit {{k|t}} to trade with them.  Simply put, the traders items show up on the left, your items are on the right.  Select items that you want from them on the left screen and what items you want to trade for them on the right screen.  Then hit {{k|t}} to attempt to trade.  The helpful number below show the traders profit and the weight of the items being traded.

Each item has a weight and value, and the better your trader, the better deals you'll be able to get.  Additionally, since Mörul starts skilled in appraisal, he will also be able to judge the {{K|value}} of items set for trade.  Traders will never trade at a loss, so keep your crafters going.

==Dwarven Medicine==

Before a dwarf will treat an injury, there must be a hospital zone set up. A [[hospital]] is created in the opposite way from rooms like offices. First you create the [[zone]], then you build furniture in it. A hospital needs [[bed]]s for patients to rest in, and [[chest]]s (or [[bag]]s) to store medical supplies. Once those are placed, dwarves will automatically stock the containers with [[cloth]], [[thread]], [[splint]]s, [[crutches]], and [[bucket]]s. If you have any [[soap]] or [[plaster powder]], that gets stored here as well. 

= Lesson Eight: Meet Kûbuk the Axedwarf =

We've seen Kûbuk at the very beginning, chopping down trees, but she is also your fortress's first line of defense. As a trained [[axedwarf]], she can chop down [[goblin]]s and [[kobold]]s as easily as trees. 

==Military screen: m==

[[File:bentgirder-military.png|frame|The military interface.]]

Open the [[military]] screen with {{k|m}}. First '''create''' a new squad. When you create a squad, the game will prompt you to choose a [[uniform]] for the new squad. Choose anything other than archer. You can specify equipment later on, once you have some armor for her to wear. 

The squad will be given a random name, and you can now add Kûbuk to it. This will make her the [[v0.31:militia commander|militia commander]], as the first military dwarf of the fortress. 

Exit the military screen. By default, squads are set as inactive, so Kûbuk will continue with her civilian woodcutting duties. If you have a [[barracks]] set up, she'll do some basic training in her free time.

==Squad Command: s==
You can give specific commands to your military through the [[squad]]s command. Press {{k|s}} to enter squad control mode. Be aware that the game does not pause in this mode! You can pause and unpause with space, as normal. 

Press {{k|a}} to select the first (and only) squad in the list. To post Kûbuk in a specific place, press {{k|m}} for the move command, and select the location with the arrow keys and enter. To send Kûbuk after a specific creature, press {{k|k}} for the attack/kill command. This lets you chose your victim with the cursor, or select one from a list. 

== Combat Reports: r ==
To get the details of what's happening in combat, press {{k|r}} for [[combat report]]s. This starts out blank, but once the first [[thief]] stumbles into your fortress, things can get pretty gory.

= Lesson Nine: Meet the Migrants=
The first wave of [[migrant]]s can double your population! The amount of migrants you will get depends on the overall quality of your fortress and the size of your civilization. If your fortress is just an unpolished hole-in-the-ground, you'll get very few migrants. If it's a massive, wondrously carved maze, you may get more migrants than you know what to do with. Providing food, drink, and beds for them all can be a challenge, but the extra hands make the fortress run more smoothly, and let you branch out into new fields. 

As the new dwarves come in, check their [[skill]]s and what labors are enabled. Some jobs are part of an [[industry]] of interlinked tasks. For example, a [[blacksmith]] needs a [[furnace operator]] to provide raw materials. Sometimes you luck out and get the migrant you need, sometimes you have to train an unskilled dwarf from scratch.

= Future of the Fortress=
Now that you know the basics of keeping your dwarves alive, what next? 

==Improve your dwarves' lifestyle==
Keeping your dwarves happy becomes more and more important as the fortress grows. 

* Build an impressive [[dining hall]], Make individual bedrooms for your favorite dwarves, Cook meals, Smooth and [[engraving|engrave]] your walls, Grow a diversity of crops, Farm above ground, Build a [[statue]] garden or [[zoo]], Enforce justice with a [[prison]], Make [[clothing]]. 

==Tighten your defenses==
One axedwarf isn't going to be enough for a big fortress. You need to arm and train some new recruits, and you need to make the layout of the fort defensible. See the [[defense guide]]. 

* Build a [[barracks]], Set a safe zone [[burrow]], Build a castle with a moat, Set up [[Scheduling#Alert_Levels|alert]]s, organize [[Scheduling#Schedules|training schedule]]s, Build more traps, Dig a [[well]], make [[steel]].
* Set up an [[armor]] and [[weapon]] industry to equip your eager recruits.

==Climb the social ladder==
After the fortress reaches a certain size, the Expedition Leader will turn control over to an elected [[mayor]]. Around the same time, you are given the option of appointing a [[sheriff]]. These two are your first [[nobles]]. As your fortress gets bigger and more wealthy, you will have more of them. 

* Deal with [[demand]]s, Meet [[mandate]]s, Ramp up your exports, Attract a [[Baron]], Manage the [[Dwarven Economy]], Offer 10,000{{DB}} worth of goods to the dwarven caravan.

==Dig deeper==
If ever the game seems too dull, start digging downward. The subterranean world is a complex and dangerous place. The [[caverns]] are a potential source of wealth, and deadly monsters. 

* Start an underground tree farm, Harvest [[cave spider]] [[silk]], Establish underground defenses, Reach the [[magma]] and set up [[magma forge]]s. 

==Do something stupid==
''Dwarf Fortress'' just isn't the same without the giant monuments, [[stupid dwarf trick]]s and [[Megaprojects]].

= FAQ =

;What's with all the [[vomit]]?
If your dwarves spend too much time underground without sunlight, they develop [[cave adaptation]]. This essentially means that sunlight makes them sick, and they'll get negative thoughts from this. The vomiting is caused by prolonged cave adaptation.

;What's with the dead rats?
Cats are vermin hunters -- they kill [[vermin]] (rats and other small animals/insects) and leave the corpses wherever they want. If you have a [[refuse]] stockpile, they'll go there instead.

'''What is this purple cloudy stuff?'''

That's [[miasma]]. It appears when something rots indoors. It gives your dwarves bad [[thought]]s, but isn't otherwise harmful. Anything that can rot is [[refuse]]. Building an outdoors refuse stockpile prevents miasma. 

;What are "The Tome of Incinerating" 
That's the name of the dwarven kingdom that you are a part of. 

;What is "The Light Lanterns"?
That's the name of your expedition. Basically, anyone who's an inhabitant of Bentgirder is also a member of the Light Lanterns. 

'''What are these parentheses on item names?'''

[[Quality]] markers are explained above. Normal (parentheses) mean the item was not created at Bentgirder, and does not count towards your created [[wealth]]. Curvy {brackets} mean the item is [[forbidden]] to your dwarves. You can toggle this with the {{k|f}}. 

The <<double angle brackets>> mean the item is [[decorate]]d. Decorated items often have two sets of [[quality]] markers. The outer marks are for the quality of the decorations, and the inner marks are for the item itself. 

'''A dwarf just withdrew from society, got possessed, or was taken by a fey mood.'''

This is GOOD. Your dwarf has taken a [[strange mood]], and will eventually make an [[artifact]] - a very valuable item that cannot be traded. See the pages on strange moods and artifacts for more details. Also, there are two other moods that only happen when your dwarves are unhappy - fell and macabre moods. Just make sure you have all the materials they need for the artifact, or...

'''What is berserk / stark, raving mad / melancholy?'''

...that'll happen. If a dwarf fails a mood or suffers too much, they'll go [[insane]]. An insane dwarf is useless, as they will not do jobs or anything productive. Berserk dwarves, though, will attack anything and everything they can reach. Mad dwarves are harmless, and will simply run around naked. Melancholy dwarves will seek any possible passive means to end their miserable existence, usually by jumping off high platforms. 

'''A dwarf just threw a [[tantrum]]'''

This is a sign of extreme unhappiness. Invest some time in giving your dwarves good [[thought]]s. If a dwarf stays unhappy long enough, he or she might do bad things. 

'''Why are there dead animal/fish in my fortress?'''

One of your dwarves is [[hunting]] or [[fishing]], but there is no butchering or fish processing set up. Build a [[butcher's shop]] or a [[fishery]]. If you lack a dwarf with that skill, turn on the appropriate [[labor]] on another dwarf. Or just find the hunter/fisherdwarf and turn off that labor. 

'''An animal stole my stuff!'''

Yes, that happens. There are thieving [[raccoon]]s in this area. Try to keep your stuff underground, and out of their reach. Try posting a soldier or a [[v0.31:Restraint|guard dog]] near your stockpiles to scare them off. (See Kubuk the Axedwarf for more information.)

'''A thief or snatcher appeared!''' 

Read the section on Kubuk the Axedwarf, if you haven't already. If a thief gets away with something valuable, your fort will attract more and more thieves in the future. [[v0.31:Restraint|guard dogs]] near entrances or entrance doors tied to levers also cut down on thieves.

'''A squad of goblins appeared!''' 

That's an [[ambush]]. Hopefully, by the time your fort is wealthy enough to attract ambushes, you will have some [[Defense|defenses]] set up. Ambushes often appear with a [[Trading|caravan]], so hopefully you will have caravan guards helping you against the ambushers. 

'''What's a vile force of darkness?''' 

Uh oh. That's a goblin [[siege]]. A siege only appears when you have a certain population or wealth. Now the fun has begun!

'''A dragon/colossus/hydra/titan/forgotten beast appears!''' 

You are about to have a lot of [[fun]]. A [[megabeast]] is a threat to even the most well-established fortresses. Good luck.  You did remember a moat to protect against fire, right? And you have a back door exit for the merchants that want to go home, right?

'''Are there other commands I need to know?'''

There are still more commands in ''Dwarf Fortress'', even some very useful ones, that are not covered in this tutorial. There is detailed information at [[menu]].

* Hot keys: {{K|h}}
* Points and Routes: {{k|shift}}+{{k|N}}
* [[Burrows]]: {{k|w}}
* Job [[Manager]]: {{k|j}}
* Items in Room: {{k|t}}
* Options: {{k|o}}
* Local Civilizations: {{k|c}} 
* Artifact List: {{k|l}}
* Room List: {{k|shift}}+{{k|R}}
* The original manual: {{k|?}}