Editing v0.31:Starting build

{{quality|Exceptional|10:09, 24 April 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}}

:''This is not a tutorial, a FAQ, or a new players guide.  This is a mildly advanced theoretical treatment for someone ready to take the plunge and make all the decisions about their own fortress.  The following are intended for beginners:''
::*[[Quickstart guide]]
::*[[Main:From Caravan to Happy Dwarves|Beginner Flowchart]]
::*[[User:Calite#Jumping_into_Dwarf_Fortress_Mode|Beginner Checklist]]
:''For an explanation of the interface for starting out, see [[Embark]].''

A '''starting build''' is a personal strategy for choosing the initial supplies, equipment, and [[skill]]s of your initial seven dwarves when starting a new game in [[fortress mode]]. (See [[Sample Starting Builds]]). These skills and items which you assign to your dwarves will have a large impact on life in your new fortress, especially in its first year.

This page attempts to provide a discussion about how and why you make the choices on what you bring with you.  This page is not an explanation of the mechanics of doing so, see the [[embark]] page for an explanation of the interface itself.  This page assumes you have already made certain decisions, such as where you plan on settling, and that you are looking at the [[Embark#Prepare_Carefully|Prepare Carefully]] screen.

One thing should be made clear - there is no "best" build, no "perfect" or "clearly superior" final mix of skills and items, if only because there isn't any one goal of play.  The goals you have for a fortress will dictate which sets of items and skills are best suited to achieving that goal - in your opinion.  And then there is the environment, where your dwarves will arrive, the creatures, the resources available, and so forth.  Finally, some people do things solely because it is hard, and that makes it more fun for them.

__TOC__

== Components of a Starting Build ==
There are two main components of a starting build: skills and items.  

Skills for your initial dwarves determine how quickly they will work early on, what industries you are guaranteed to be able to start with skilled workers, how well you can defend your dwarves early on, and what the quality of various goods they produce will be, and possibly many other considerations.  This page considers in detail how you might go about choosing skills for your starting dwarves, and examines the multiple competing perspectives from which you can make that decision.

The items that your dwarves bring with you can be tailored a number of ways.  There are trade-offs to cheaper and more expensive alternatives, and reasons why you might choose either.  This section explores the nature of these trade-offs and the reasons for making a decision.  It also looks at optimizing goods brought in more general contexts.

Starting builds can and should vary based upon a number of other variables.  [[location|Where you choose to settle]] will give you a fortress that supplies different raw materials and thus require different skill sets to utilize, not to mention different threats from native wildlife based on [[biome]], [[surroundings|savagery]], and [[surroundings|alignment]].  Which dwarven civilization you come from will restrict the materials with which you can start.  Making choices about these variables is not part of a starting build.  What you choose for skills and items because of these choices is part of your starting build, and so some general guidelines about different environments is given last.

This page does not cover the interface for accomplishing these tasks.  Please see the [[embark]] page.

== Skill Optimization ==
With only 7 dwarves, you can't take every [[skill]], so you have to balance what you do take.  At this starting phase, each dwarf can only be assigned a maximum total of 10 skill levels, with no single skill starting higher than "5".  Actual skill distribution is thus constrained to be something between 1 level in each of 10 skills, or 5 levels in each of two skills, or something in between.  Because dwarves can [[experience|learn]] any and all skills once your fortress starts, these initial choices do not dictate what the dwarves can do, opening up incredible latitude to choose skills for reasons other than survival.

:''(* Note that an unskilled dwarf starts with all Skills at Level '''0'''.  Adding +5 Levels is then Level '''5'''.  This is true regardless of how many "points" a level costs when first buying skills at embark.)''

A brief list of considerations governing skill choice:
:* Maximizing starting skill ranks vs. generalizing and having more skills covered at lower levels.
:* Balancing multiple skills for a single dwarf, so they aren't constantly needed for two different tasks at critical periods
:* Military vs economic needs
:* Your goals vs "basic survival needs" to keep your fortress healthy and happy.
:* Speed that a skill can be trained in game
:* Demand for a skill during a game
:* Whether quality or speed are significant considerations for tasks/final product
:* Balancing the desire to create [[wealth]] ''(with high-value products)'' with the need to maintain [[thought|morale]] ''(with low-value but commonly used products, like [[bed]]s, which normally are made from [[wood]])''.
:* most importantly - ''your playstyle'' - what '''you''' think is "fun"!

==== Breadth vs. Depth ====

A dwarf with only 2 starting skills at 5 ranks each is pretty good at 2 tasks, but untrained at anything else.  A dwarf with nothing higher than level 1 is passable at many tasks, but not good at anything.  Each dwarf in your party is going to be somewhere along this continuum, and you'll need to choose where.  

Level in a skill dictates how fast a dwarf completes a task (most of the time), and how well he completes it (if applicable).  On one extreme, [[butchery]] has no time variance for slaughtering a tame animal, and has no quality associated with the outcome.  On the other extreme, [[Metal industry|metalworking]] tasks can take a long time for an untrained worker to complete and their high material value means the quality multiplier has a large impact on the end value.

Dwarves who complete tasks faster can do more total [[job]]s within a given timeframe.  The rate at which speed increases with level varies with skill, so some skills will benefit more than others.  

Dwarves who make items of higher quality will contribute more to fortress wealth and may have a large impact on fortress happiness if their work is readily available to be seen by other dwarves.  Items which typically contribute to happiness are low value but common public items, like beds and tables.  Items which contribute the most to fortress wealth often cannot be displayed, but make useful trade goods or equipment for your military.

A dwarf highly skilled in few areas will work faster at those tasks and produce higher quality work than his more generalized counterpart.  However, he will do worse at any other task he is set to. 

Aside from the obvious trade off, there is another reason to prefer depth - dwarves can obviously only complete so many total jobs within a given timespan.  If a dwarf is busy doing one thing, he can't simultaneously be doing something else.  So a dwarf who is highly skilled in a few skills may not actually experience any disadvantage thereby if he is kept doing those things in which he specializes.  The generalist dwarf, on the other hand, may be able to do many more different tasks adequately, but he can still only do one type of task at a time.  A dwarf with one highly used skill (such as Mechanics or Mining) can feasibly spend all his time using only his primary skill and thus has no need to generalize.  In effect, the generalist is wasting more skill points whenever he does jobs than the specialist, so long as the specialist tends to do jobs he has levels in.  Specializing your initial skill investment is therefore superior if you specialize the division of labor in your fortress.

Of course, you can still only bring 7 dwarves with 10 total levels of skills each, so covering everything you want to do in 14 skills may be hard, if not impossible.  A generalist or two can cover more bases that have little quality need or are otherwise fast even without a high level.  The generalists real problem arises from the fact that any dwarf can do any task, and having 1 level isn't much better than having no levels.  Which isn't to say there isn't a situation where a 1/1/1/1/1/5 dwarf is the right solution (indeed, the typical recommended leader/broker takes 1/1/1/1/1 in appraiser/judge of intent/negotiator/+2 social skills because none of these skills have a time or quality component), but most less-specialized dwarves are more likely to fall in the 5/3/2 or 4/3/3 end of the spectrum solely because there is a minimum investment necessary to be noticeably better than not having any levels at all.

==== Design Constraints: Which skills do I need, really? ====

The only thing that you absolutely must do in the first year is get your food supplies into a food stockpile, preferably inside, otherwise your food will rot on the ground and your dwarves will starve.  Anything else you want to do can be accommodated by sufficient investment in initial food supplies and/or skills.  This means the options for possible starting builds are vast because virtually any set of starting skills for your dwarves is viable (and that's before you even think about equipment, which adds more variables).  So the short answer is: none.

That said, there are some skills which will be '''used''', to one extent or another, by virtually every fortress - but that doesn't mean you '''need''' or even want to invest points in them to start.  You could even manipulate the fortress (see [[challenge]]) to completely avoid one or more of the following, but these are the skills you will find it exceptionally hard to avoid creating jobs for:
:[[Mining]] - to dig your fortress, and gain stone for projects.  Only possible to avoid using if you're secretly an elf.
:* Inexperienced [[miner]]s work very slowly and are less likely to recover mined gems or valuable ores. Mining can be leveled up quite quickly by mining [[soil#soil|soil]], but taking two dwarves with at least some points in mining is recommended in many cases.
:[[Carpentry]] - [[bed]]s can only be produced from [[wood]] (rare [[mood]]s aside).  This skill can also be used to make [[bin]]s without having to have an [[anvil]], use any metal [[bar]]s, or use any [[fuel]].
:[[Masonry]] - to build walls and stairs, and fashion dwarven furniture from stone.  Possible to work around, but incredibly hard and annoying to do. 
:[[Grower|Growing]] - your farmers' work echoes throughout so many other tasks, it's stunning
:* While its possible to feed your fortress on nothing but caravan goods, you'll never come by enough alcohol that way, so you'll eventually need to grow crops for brewing, and dwarves will literally go crazy if forced to drink nothing but water for long periods.  Thus you'll want to plan for farming eventually - not that you need to bring a highly skilled [[Grower]], but it'll certainly be ''very'' helpful.  Likewise, a skilled [[brewer]] produces [[alcohol]] quicker, which improves your dwarves' mood as they have constant access to it, as does a skilled [[cook]] with the foods they prepare.  However, most food can be eaten raw, and so long as they are not starving there is life.
:[[Brewing]] - ''All'' dwarves "need alcohol to get through the working day."
:[[Mechanics]] - If you want traps, and most people will.  Also needed for most machinery. Mechanisms sell for a high price as a bonus.
:[[Architecture|Building Designer]] - Mandatory for some buildings and constructions, but skill only improves speed a tad and increases structure [[value]]
:[[Broker skills]] - Most importantly [[appraiser]] - you will use these whenever you trade with a caravan.  Because of this, a minimum of Broker skills are highly recommended to start with at the Novice (1 pt) level (especially Novice level of [[Appraiser]]
:[[Record keeper]] - Gives you access to the stocks screen and will let you accurately survey the resources of your fortress.  
The very fact that you will use these skills can make many of them desirable to choose as starting skills for your dwarves.  Of the above, Mining, Masonry, Growing, Brewing, Cooking, and Mechanics are generally worth considering as "highly desirable".  However, '''any skill can be used untrained, and/or get trained on the job''' - it just means a slower process and/or average lower quality product than if done by a dwarf with a higher [[experience|skill level]].  Some of these skills (eg, Record Keeper) are rarely worth investing initial points in even though you will almost always use it.  Others of them (eg, Mining, Carpentry) may or may not be worth investing points in depending on your goals or the tempo with which you want to achieve them.  (Mining is easy to train so you could forgo initial investment and just train on the job.  A skilled carpenter can contribute a lot to fortress mood, but won't produce much value, see the discussion of Quality below).

The difference between these skills and other skills is that other skills are optional as to whether they'll get used or not.  You need to deliberately want to use them.  These skills are essential to basic aspects of the game, and avoiding one requires a deliberate choice not to use it (and likely a lot of effort spent to avoid doing so).  Ie, a fortress could make its wealth by smithing fine weapons, weaving quality cloth, encrusting precious stones onto furniture, or crafting quality trinkets.  Or all of those.  But it doesn't have a compelling reason to do any one in particular.  A fortress that never designates a tile for mining, however, requires exceptional effort to achieve.

But that you can avoid even something as basic as mining *for the lifetime of your fortress* means there is no universal design constraint on which skills to start with.  Ultimately the answer to "What skills do I need?" is "Whichever ''you'' want".  Choosing a mixture of these commonly used skills and your desired specialized skills will make starting up your fortress easier and more efficient, but you don't need to start with any of them.  Choosing to avoid some skills may force you to use some others, but nothing compels you to invest in any skill in particular.

A common skill list (Just as a general quick start):
2 Miners
1 Woodcutter
1 Grower/Cook
1 Grower/Brewer
1 Carpenter
1 Mason

This is not the be all end all of course, it all depends upon your location, your goals, and what you consider fun.

==== Balancing military and economic needs ====

Not all embarks will require a military presence in the first year, but anyone planning an expedition to a sinister, haunted, or terrifying biome would be foolish not to be prepared for nasty dwarf-killing creatures.  The solution doesn't strictly need to be military skills; quick delving and a skilled mechanic may be sufficient; but starting with a military dwarf will give you the earliest possible protection and a lot more versatility in where that protection can be applied.  Whatever you choose to do, understand the risk and be prepared for it.

==== Training considerations ====

Some skills are harder to gain experience in than others - requiring valuable resources or taking an extended period of time, and thus inconvenient to train from the ground up.  Investing in some of these extensively in your initial dwarves can make those industries much less painful to start.  For example, metal-related skills generally eat metal bars, and thus the less time you spend training metal workers up to a decent level, the faster they'll be churning out high-quality items for you, and the fewer bars they'll waste becoming skilled.  On the other hand, despite its importance, skills like mining train relatively quickly and barring extenuating circumstances (expected need to accomplish particular digging projects in the first month or you'll get mauled by a Giant for example) there's little need to actually invest your starting skills in it - they can learn on the job.  

==== Quality, value, and happiness ====

[[Quality]] is an important part of Dwarf Fortress.  Higher quality items produce better and more frequent happy thoughts and are worth more money.  Valuable commodities will trade for more goods from caravans that visit.  When choosing skills that produce objects of quality, the desire to produce valuable goods for trade will often conflict with the desire to produce objects that will make your dwarves happy.  Built items that are frequently encountered tend to be things like furniture, especially beds, which tend to have low material values and thus low total value no matter how high the quality of the work.  Further, these things tend to be inconvenient to trade.  It is often best to strike a balance between dwarves who produce valuable trade goods and dwarves who produce quality items that will make your population happy - and thus be able to achieve both goals simultaneously.

Its worth noting that built furniture and worn clothing counts its value twice, once under the appropriate category and once for displayed value.  If you're trying to maximize your created wealth total, a good metalsmith producing furniture from high-value metals is optimal.

==== Moodable skills ====

[[Strange mood]]s will create a Legendary skill of the "moodable" skill with the highest level, and moods take hold of dwarves with different professions at different rates.  Some skills are "moodable" where others are not.  You might choose to take certain skills solely because it opens up moods for that skill with that dwarf.  Some moodable skills are more valuable than others - a legendary weaponsmith is both valuable and useful.  A legendary tanner is generally a waste of a mood since tanned hides have no quality.

Because a dwarf can only have a strange mood in one skill, pairing a moodable skill with a non-moodable skill can protect the moodable skill and ensure that if the dwarf has a mood it will be in the skill you desire.  See the section on combining skills below for more details on ways to pair skills.

Dwarves with no moodable skill can be allowed to do one task using a moodable skill to give them a moodable skill with no starting build investment, so moodable skill considerations should not be considered a primary reason to choose particular skills - you should also want to make use of them for other reasons.

==== Combining Skills ====
Every dwarf is going to have 2 or more [[skills]].  This means that even once you know which skills you want, you're going to need to pair them up before assigning them.  Not all skill combinations are equally functional.  

Some skills are highly time-consuming, either because the skill is in frequent demand (eg, [[mining]]) or because it takes a long time to do an individual job (eg, [[strand extraction]]).  If a dwarf is spending most of their time using that skill, they aren't making much use of their other skill.  Pairing two time-consuming skills together therefore tends to be a bad idea, as one or both jobs are not going to get the attention they need or deserve.  Similarly, pairing a skill with time-critical jobs with a time-consuming skill also tends to be a bad idea.  If your [[grower]] is also mining, he may not stop to plant crops one season.  Or he might neglect to harvest your crops in a timely fashion and they could rot on the ground (if you only let your growers harvest).  Arranging your skill combinations to avoid these situations is generally beneficial.  For example, Masons, miners, growers, and any craft that your fortress will base their economy off of (glass, stonecrafts, armour, etc) will take a lot of time, so plan accordingly.

Instead, pairing relatively time-intensive tasks with less time-intensive tasks will let your dwarf accomplish all such tasks adequately.  Once you get a metal industry rolling, an armorer/weaponsmith will need to make a lot fewer weapons to outfit your soldiers than he will armor components.  Thus he can usefully do both jobs without hurting your productivity overly much.  Similarly, a mason might also be your architect, since building designer is a very infrequently used skill.

Working at different jobs levels up specific [[attribute]]s. One could level up a miner until he becomes mighty and ultra-tough - and then turn him into a soldier, or retire him to haul stone.  If you plan on doing so, it may not be a good idea to give this guy a second critical job that will demand a lot of time away from their focus.  

Since tasks will take place in specific areas, another approach is to combine tasks into dwarves who will take care of a specific industry, or spend all their time in one generally narrow part of the fortress - the forges, or the kitchens, or outdoors, for instance.  So combining Farming with cooking, rather than mining, for example, and turn on only Haul Food, not Haul Stone.  Metalworkers spending their time in the forge can easily handle more than one type of metalworking skill, and are also well-situated to be furnace operators.  

Similarly, you can also make the craftsmen of your finished products also responsible for the production of intermediate products from raw ingredients.  This way when they run out of materials to make into finished goods they can immediately switch over to working raw products into intermediate products so they'll have more to work with later.  This works better in some industries than in others.  A single butcher/tanner/cook trying to process multiple animals simultaneously will likely result in rotten food, carcases, or skins.  But a weaponsmith who doubles as a furnace operator can usefully ensure he has material to work with when you want him to.  Later on, however, a highly skilled craftsdwarf is often better suited at sitting in their [[workshop]] and having others deliver raw materials to them than going out and obtaining their own raw materials themselves, but in the early game dwarf-time is limited, and a single dwarf who can work an entire production chain can do so relatively efficiently and let your other dwarves be used elsewhere.

There is no requirement that a dwarves job combination needs to look 'right' or logical.  A weaponsmith will most probably not spend nearly 100% of their time creating weapons - what they do with the other part of their time may have nothing at all to do with forges or smithing.  Jobs which require little time in general, or little time early even if time-intensive later, may well be paired with any time-intensive task solely to provide the dwarf with something to usefully and skillfully do with most of their time, and freed from that duty as needed for the other tasks.

Another constraint you can impose on your skill combinations is to try to limit dwarves to [[moodable]] skill and one non-moodable skill (or a moodable and a less desired moodable skill at lower level), so any mood will improve the desired one.  For example, pairing craft skills with farming skills gives you dwarves that will perform useful food production or raw good processing services while also getting their mood in a valuable finished goods skill.  Example: Clothier/Grower.

==== Which dwarf should have which skill? ====
Dwarves who craft goods they prefer, or work materials they prefer, gain a bonus to the quality of the finished work.  This can inform your choice of which skills you choose, for example by choosing a weaver because you notice a preference for sheep wool yarn, or you might choose the skills you want and then try to find a suitable dwarf to use that skill.  In the latter case, since all dwarves have one metal preference you might assign an armorsmithing skill to a dwarf with a preference for iron, steel, or adamantine.

The dwarf with the most social skills will end up being the [[Expedition leader]], who will then become the [[mayor]] and start making [[mandate]]s.  Thus you should avoid giving the most social skills to dwarfs who have [[preferences]] for things like [[adamantine]].

Dwarves have physical and mental attributes that affect the performance of certain skills.  You may wish to give a socially adept and patient dwarf the leadership/broker skills, or a dwarf who doesn't tire easily a skill which will be in frequent use like mining.  You can also try to match skills to [[personality]], some of which have obvious implications for their willingness to work long hours or how frequently they might take breaks.

Of course, all combined these represent a lot of possible constraints on where you assign particular skills, and it would be impossible to apply them in total to your entire desired skill load.  Use these as a guide, but don't be upset if all your dwarves are anti-social psychopaths - someone still needs to be the leader, after all.

==== Other considerations ====
Migrants can and will arrive with a wide selection of decently trained skills. While it is a gamble, chances are pretty decent that migrants will arrive with a highly trained skill that is also highly desirable and would usurp the job of one of the seven starting ones. The first few migration waves are likely to give you a much better talent pool than what you can assign at embark.  On the other hand, you may never get the skill you really want if you don't start with it.

Skills atrophy if not used (they are marked "rusty" and later "very rusty"), and they can eventually decrease in level. Consider that skills which you will use years after embark are going to be rusty or even deleveled.  Embark to the first caravan is long enough for a skill to start rusting, so you might want to make sure you'll use every skill you embark with before the first year ends to avoid catastrophic rusting.

Remember that you need to survive in order to accomplish any goals.  Have a plan for lasting to at least the first caravan, if not one for longterm sustainability.

== Items ==

The items you choose to bring with you will need to satisfy a number of needs.  Most importantly, you need to keep yourself alive - at least until the caravan arrives in the fall to resupply yourself.  You probably also want to plan on some way of making a shelter, whether that be the traditional delved hall, a majestic castle, a log cabin, or something even more exotic.  You may want to plan for mishaps by bringing essential medical supplies, especially those which may be hard to acquire on site.  And you might bring items which will assist in creating items for trade to that first caravan, should you need anything for the skills you're planning on.

For the purposes of this article, livestock are considered items.

All embarks get the following items without paying for them: 2 animals (who pulled the wagon), and the 3 wood that make up the wagon.

=== Motivations ===

==== Survival ====

A single dwarf eats about 2x/season, and drinks about 4x/season.  With 7 dwarves that's ~approximately~ 14 meals per season and 28 alcohol per season, or ~42 meals and ~84 alcohol until the end of Fall.  The dwarf caravan tends to arrive in the third month of fall, so you will probably need to plan on a full 3 seasons.  You are also likely to get at least one if not two small waves of migrants before the caravan arrives.

It is possible to bring enough food and drink to make it to the caravan - indeed, bringing enough food isn't especially hard (especially once you factor in slaughtering the animals who hauled your wagon.  Bringing sufficient alcohol is harder, although bringing plump helmets to brew can significantly cut the cost.  

The likely best way to keep your dwarves in drink is also the most labor intensive - setting up farming in the first season or two is perfectly plausible, allowing to grow your own [[plants]] from seeds and brew the products.  (Keep in mind not all plants can be brewed - don't plant dimple cups and expect to make alcohol).  In addition to the necessary seeds, starting your own farming operation is going to require either some [[soil]] or [[irrigation|some way to get the ground muddy]].  While sometimes simple digging can accomplish this, many times you're going to need a screw pump.  Basic construction requirements are discussed under shelter.

It is possible to make all your alcohol by harvesting aboveground plants, if highly inefficient.  It also only works in biomes with collectable plant life.  Notably evil biomes and glaciers are unlikely to provide.

==== Shelter ====
Bar a convenient cave, you're going to have to do something for shelter.  Shelter is your first defense against roving creatures, keeping them away from where your dwarves are working so they don't spam job cancellations and strew items all over the place.  (As you might guess, most 'convenient caves' aren't actually that convenient, as they tend to have residents).  Basic walls that allow you egress won't stop a dedicated invader, but you don't expect to see those until year 3, so you have time to develop more elaborate defenses.

Food outside will also spoil a lot faster than food inside, so making a cellar of some sort to store your food in will increase the longevity of your food supplies.  The rate at which food spoils depends on ambient temperature, so the urgency of making a cellar will depend on where you settled.  It might be possible to go without a cellar in a freezing biome.{{verify}}  The only way you can avoid thinking about food storage in the first year is if you collect food and make alcohol as needed - ie, by using an herbalist to collect local plants - which can avoid needing to mine at all.

Delving a shelter requires mining, which means having picks to dig with.  One can always bring one or more picks at embark, but its also possible to bring the supplies necessary to make them.  See [[Starting build#Finished product or do it yourself|finished product or do it yourself]].

An aboveground shelter can be made with stone or wood or possibly more exotic materials.  Stone of course requires mining, and thus picks.  Wood can be had with an axe assuming trees are present, and axes, like picks, can similarly be brought at embark or made on site.  It is of course possible to bring sufficient raw materials to build walls with, but this is far less efficient than just bringing a pick or an axe, although it could make a fun challenge.  Building your initial fort out of soap, while possible, is not recommended, although possibly hilariously entertaining.

==== Industry ====
Most industries require little more than materials you can collect at the site and a workshop.  So long as you can get stone, you won't need to bring anything for these.  However, if you want to get an industry going immediately, it does help to bring a few building materials along (or be willing to use the wood from the wagon, if only temporarily).

Some industries require fire-safe materials to build with.  All stone qualifies, as does metal.  Wood can be converted to a fire safe material by burning it to ashes in a wood burners workshop, but of course that workshop requires a fire-safe material.  If you're mining, this condition is easy to satisfy, but if you intend to run any of these industries right away you will need to plan on bringing appropriate materials.

Some industries require plant or animal matter to work with.  Clothiers ultimately need cloth, which comes from certain plants or animals.  Leatherworkers need tanned skins.  (And while you can get 2 off your pack animals, this isn't sufficient to run an industry).  If you plan on running these types of industries you will need to have a plan for providing suitable raw materials.  Hunting can cover leatherworking needs (although this requires a hunter and hunting implements), and foraging can find rope reed plants, but its usually better to bring enough appropriate animals or plant seeds to have a good shot at getting started in a predictable and sustainable way.  Similarly, milking and cheese making require milkable animals, and bonecarving requires a dependable source of bones.

Metal industries require metal and an anvil.  You cannot make an anvil on site without already having an anvil, so if you plan on doing any forging before the first caravan you will need to bring one with you.  Metal can be brought as bars or as ores to be smelted in a smelter into bars, or can be mined yourself.  You will need to provide fuel or magma to run these workshops, so bringing some coal can make the operation run smoother.

Soap requires a lot of wood consumption and a source of tallow to be done in a sustainable way.  Lye can be bought at embark to skip the first steps and make soap more directly.  You will still need to bring or make buckets and have an empty barrel to actually produce soap though, but fortunately this is just a matter of having sufficient wood.

Jewelers require gems.  Cut gems can be brought at embark, but are too expensive to bring in quantity.  Generally a jeweler requires mining to find sufficient gems or a glassworker to produce raw glass to work with.

Glassmaking and Pottery requires sand or clay and fuel - pay attention to your site report before embarking.  Its hard to run a viable industry solely off imports in these cases.  Like metal workshops, coal can be brought to substitute for fuel fairly efficiently.

As is probably obvious, certain industries depend on similar inputs.  Planning on a set of industries which require similar complementary inputs can let you more efficiently spend your starting points at embark or more efficiently plan your digging during the first year.  If you plan on a lot of fuel-dependent industries, it may be worthwhile to prioritize finding a source of magma.

=== Optimization ===

==== Container mechanics and free items ====

Many items come in containers such as barrels and bags, including food, liquids, seeds, and powders.  The cost to embark with these items can be cheaper than the cost of the container itself.  Each different type of item for each category will come in its own container.  Furthermore, you'll get a new container after every 10th instance for food, most liquids, and seeds, and after every item of powders.{{verify}}  Alcohol gets a new barrel after every 5th unit.  (Food actually groups by animal type, so if you get horse tripe and horse meat they'll combine them, but they won't combine horse meat and donkey meat).  Thus diversifying your initial food supply with 1 of each low-cost food item will net you a large number of barrels.  Similarly, it is worth taking 1 of each seed you weren't planning on taking more of solely for the bags.  Taking some sand or gypsum powder is also a cheap way to get bags.  Lye (for soap) and milks can be brought for more barrels - and milk can be made into cheese for a low-cost embark option that becomes food.

As stockpiling and some jobs are container limited, getting as many free containers as you can will free up labor (and possibly valuable materials) that would otherwise be used making containers.

==== Finished product or do it yourself ====
Bringing raw materials and making the finished product yourself is often easier on your embark points than bringing the finished product.  On the other hand, making it yourself takes time during which you aren't making use of the finished product.  

The most common scenario involves [[Make your own weapons|forging your own metal tools and weapons]].  While not usually too much of a hardship, it can be dangerous to make your own weapons or picks if you expect possible hostile creatures.  Furthermore, you will lose time - possibly 1/4 to 1/2 the first month - if you forge your own picks.  

Of special note regarding weapons is that a training battle axe is perfectly capable of chopping trees, and is made with nothing more than a carpentry workshop and a log.  While the delay in acquiring one is minimal, a wood battle axe is not a good weapon, and so it loses utility for doing anything other than acquiring more wood.

You can also easily plan on making all or most of one's own booze, as plump helmets can be bought at embark and brewed at a still.

Any finished good can of course be made from raw materials that you bring, but most of them are not essential like the above, and thus you can generally wait until you find suitable resources on site or buy them from caravans.

==== Biome considerations: dude, where's my wood? ====
Some environments have a shortage of trees.  While you can direct production of a lot of item types to other materials, beds need to be made out of wood.  In addition, it is difficult to make barrels and bins out of non-wood materials early in the game, especially without ready magma (since otherwise you'll probably need to burn wood to make metal equivalents).  If you have an aquifer it can be even worse - stone may be difficult or impossible to access easily.  While you can ultimately ask for wood from your liaison and buy whatever the humans and elves happen to bring, and eventually you can create a tree farm underground, tight wood will limit storage and sleeping arrangements for at least the first year if not longer.  You may wish to plan accordingly if embarking in a site with sparse or no trees.

==== Items for moods ====
When a dwarf is taken by a [[strange mood]], he often needs obscure material or he will go insane and die, possibly with severe consequences to an entire fortress.  Bringing along some of the harder-to-find ores ([[cassiterite]], [[sphalerite]], [[bismuthinite]], [[garnierite]]), and putting those aside, forbidding their use "just in case", is spending a few points on an insurance policy. Many players also choose to bring a few items like pig tail cloth and cave spider silk just in case.  

Alternately, if you're otherwise being minimalistic on gear you're bringing you can choose to bring a few valuable components to try to maximize the value of mood items.  That artifact animal trap will be worth a lot more if your woodcarver grabs a blue diamond instead of moss agate.

==== Free Equipment ====

Dwarves who start with the ambusher skill as their highest non-military non-social skill will get some leather [[armor]], a crossbow, a quiver and a stack of 30 to 40 metal bolts for free.

Embarking in a biome where there's snow at the moment of embarkation seems to get the same clothing items dwarves which Ambusher get, though they will not necessarily be made of leather.{{verify}}

==Site considerations==
Each fortress [[location]] offers particular challenges and opportunities, and can make different demands on your starting build. Your starting build may need to be adjusted depending on the [[region]] your fort occupies, the specific vision you have of your fortress, and what it will take to [[losing|stay alive]] where you're going!

The differences include what [[biome]]s, [[region]]s and likely [[metal]]s are present in your chosen embark site.

=== General Surroundings ===
Simply put, if your [[surroundings]] are [[evil]] or [[savage]], your dwarves have a higher risk of suddenly facing personal combat before they are safely behind their defenses.  Consider bringing extra weaponry, in the form of axes, picks or crossbows (see [[Starting_builds#Free_Equipment|free equipment]]).  Hand in hand with those, consider skill mixes that include [[axedwarf]], [[mining]] (the skill used to wield a pick), [[marksdwarf]], or [[wrestling]] (a solid unarmed-combat skill).

The same is true if you are embarking near an exposed magma vent or an open chasm - these features can be seen on the embark map, but it's impossible to tell if they are "open" to the surface or not, until you are there in person.

Be sure to include some source of [[water]] on the map, preferably running [[water]].  Water is (almost) essential for any fortress.  In Cold and Freezing climates  streams and [[lake]]s will often be frozen year-round and your dwarves may quickly die of exposure, in Hot climates [[murky pool]]s will dry up, and in Dry ones rain will only rarely re-fill them, if ever.  Choose Temperate or tropical zones for an easier game.

===Aquifers===
If an [[aquifer]] is present in the first soil or stone layers (visible on the pre-embark menu), it may bar all access to [[stone]] and [[ore]] until you find a way through the water barrier.  Consider bringing some stone for building, and ore for your first basic needs. This may be critical to getting your fortress running smoothly.

=== Mountains ===
Mountains often have abundant [[ore]]s, but at the loss of trees and plants. In previous versions lacking [[cavern]]s, this was a serious drawback. In v0.31, brave pioneers can dig down into the caverns to find essentials like water, mud, and plants. However, players should be aware that above-ground crops will not grow in mountain biomes, no matter how muddy you may make the surface.

Depending on the exact layers, it's common to find exposed [[vein]]s of useful [[ore]]s that can be immediately mined for [[Make your own weapons|DIY]] weapons and tools.

=== Wooded/Plains ===
Flatlands with at least some trees and gatherable plants can also make for highly successful fortresses.  Advantages over mountain zones include abundant trees and plants and (unless frozen) more abundant water.  There are even (rare) magma vents. More water also means a high likelihood of an [[aquifer]] being present. Make sure to check on embark.

The greatest disadvantage is the potential lack of exposed [[stone]] to mine. The first level(s) below the surface is often [[soil]] of some type, which offers no building materials.  However, soil is mined much more quickly than stone (x3-x4 faster), and expansive accommodations (rooms) can be achieved quickly even by untrained miners.  You will find stone, you just have to go down a bit for it - but that's what dwarves do, isn't it?

[[Experience|Training]] a [[Miner]] from No Skill to Proficient takes less than a month (~20 days with hauling disabled) in soil, and to Legendary in just under a season after. {{version|0.31.12}} From embark, this means you should have legendary miners in early summer if you dig only in soil.  Times increase slightly for each additional miner used.

=== Oceanside ===
With many features in common with some of the above locations, [[beach]]es are often a mix of ease intermingled with bouts of extreme difficulty. Minerals and trees are often abundant, as well as farmland and sand, but there is often no drinking water unless the biome has a flowing [[water]] of some sort. 

By definition, the settlement will fall between (at least) two [[biome]]s (one land, one water), potentially hazardous if the player expects a peaceful oceanside meadow, without realizing the [[terrifying]] ocean is full of amphibious zombie [[whale]]s.

=== Desert, Glaciers, and Barren ===
Treeless (or near-treeless) [[biome]]s are challenging sites for a fortress: you get most of the disadvantages of a flatland site without having access to nearly as many trees and plants.  However, near-lifeless zones such as [[glacier]]s are wonderful for players with slower computers, as there's little to burden the CPU but your dwarves and livestock.  [[Desert]]s and barren areas often have sand; with a sufficient source of energy (preferably magma), you can build almost anything out of unlimited glass.

Hunters should be replaced with fisherdwarves and a fish cleaner (although the latter can be easily trained).  Depending how much water vs. land, more starting wood and ores might be helpful.  Swimming is rarely useful in Fortress mode, even at the beach, and can be trained.

==Sample starting builds==
See [[Sample Starting Builds]]

{{Starting FAQ}}
{{Category|Guides}}
{{Category|Fortress mode}}