Editing v0.34:Egg production

{{quality|Exceptional|01:15, 16 April 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}}

'''Producing eggs''', like the [[meat industry]], the [[beekeeping industry]], the [[fishing industry]] and [[farming]], creates [[food]]. In egg production, collection and cooking of [[egg]]s is the primary activity, as, over time, domestic poultry such as [[chicken]]s can produce much more food as eggs than the same animal produces as meat when butchered (1 egg = 1 meat = 1 meal). When starting out a new fortress, raising poultry can be an excellent way to quickly fill up your food [[barrel]]s as it requires very little set-up for your dwarves. As a by-product of egg production, older or excess animals can be butchered as part of the [[meat industry]].

== Acquiring Egg-laying Animals ==
There are several sources for obtaining egg-laying [[animal]]s, outlined below.

===Embark===
You can buy [[Domestic_animal#Comparison_of_domestic_poultry|domestic poultry]] at [[embark]] and even decide how many males and females of each animal you embark with. Since you don't need males to produce eggs, and need only one male to breed, you could embark with three or four hens, and at most one rooster. Poultry animals are very economical to purchase at embark, costing only 6[[currency|☼]] each. 

Of the domestic poultry, [[turkey]]s produce the most eggs per clutch on average, followed by [[duck]]s, then [[chicken]]s and [[guineafowl]]. Turkeys are also the largest poultry animals, and produce the most meat and other products if butchered as part of the meat industry, with [[goose|geese]] and [[blue peafowl]] only slightly smaller. All domestic poultry become adults one year after hatching, but geese, blue peafowl, and guineafowl grow to full size at one year; other poultry only reach full size after two years.

===Migration===
Domestic poultry may arrive at your fortress with a wave of [[migrant]]s. These animals may be strays or [[pet]]s.

===Trading===
''Requires: A [[trade depot]], a [[Broker|trader]], a [[merchant]], and some tradeable goods''

You can purchase egg-laying animals from a [[caravan]]. While [[human]] and dwarven merchants will generally bring standard poultry, [[elf|elven]] merchants may bring tamed exotic egg-laying animals, which may prove useful for [[alligator|value]] or [[giant eagle|defense]] purposes.

===Cage traps===
''Requires: [[Cage]]s, [[mechanism]]s, a [[mechanic]], animal training [[zone]] and an [[animal trainer]]''

It is also possible to catch egg-laying animals through judicious use of [[cage trap]]s. This, of course, involves building cage traps where these animals will walk or fly. Once they are trapped the caged animal (or [[invader]]) will be delivered to an animal stockpile and the trap will be reset with a fresh cage.

Cage traps should be built where animals ''will'' walk, not where they are when you decide to trap them. Any dwarves sent out to create and arm traps in the animals' midst will scare them away or trigger their aggression. To successfully trap large animals, form a choke point some distance away from them: build walls, perhaps several z-levels high, to create a continuous barrier to movement. 

Leave a small gap one or two tiles wide (depending on how many of the critters you want to trap) and build your cage traps there. If the animals haven't moved off or been scared off by the time you're done, and they're docile enough to not attack once they see your dwarves, use military orders to send a dwarf (or several) around behind the animals and herd them toward the choke point. 

Note also that cage traps cannot be built within a certain number of tiles of the map edge, so when planning your funnels and choke points, be sure to leave four or five tiles as a buffer zone.

Egg-laying animals that are caught in a cage trap need to be tamed by an [[animal trainer]] at an animal training [[zone]] before they can be safely used to produce eggs. Note that you are not limited to standard domestic poultry; some of the most [[cave crocodile|lucrative and prolific]] egg-layers are reptiles.

===Breeding===
''Requires: One or more adult females and one adult male of each species, one or more [[nest box]]es, and time''

If a male and a female of the same species exist on your map, and there is an open constructed [[nest box]] for the female to occupy and lay a clutch of eggs in, then sooner or later (and probably sooner) the male will fertilize the eggs laid by the female. No contact between the male and the female or eggs is needed - fertilization can ''and will'' occur regardless of distance, physical obstacles such as walls or locked doors, number of each gender (beyond the first), and even ownership. ''(This is often referred to as "breeding by spores".)'' Even a male in a flock of wild animals outside the fortress walls can fertilize a clutch locked deep in a lowest level. A female can lay a clutch of eggs again immediately after the last clutch hatches. A female that can not claim a nest box ''will not'' lay a clutch of eggs. 

A fertilized clutch will only hatch if they are left in the nest box undisturbed and their mother is allowed to incubate the eggs. Collecting the eggs, [[butcher's shop|slaughtering]] or [[animal trainer|training]] the mother, or deconstructing the nest box will all prevent the eggs from hatching. A clutch of eggs to be used for breeding should be [[forbidden]] to prevent their collection. Even if the eggs and mother are left undisturbed, it is possible that clutch was not fertilized. Eggs that don't hatch after two seasons will likely never hatch.  To make sure that the eggs are left undisturbed, make sure that no [[stockpile]]s accept that type of egg, and if you [[cooking|cook]] any meals make sure that that type of egg is turned off in the kitchen sub-screen of the [[status]] screen.  Alternatively, you can put the nest boxes in a room behind a [[door]] and forbid the door to keep your dwarves away from the eggs.

As a large number of free-roaming animals will reduce your game speed, a common strategy is to cage all your young poultry until they mature. Keep in mind, though, that some tamed wild species take more than 1 year to mature, unlike most domestic animals. For example, it may be excusable to butcher a [[saltwater crocodile]] hatchling right away, rather than wait 3 years for it to mature and produce more meat and bones.

Using [[cage trap]]s judiciously (or taking advantage of the animals [[elf|elves]] trade) can sometimes snag you a breeding pair of a wild animal. Tame something unusual and start something crazy, like a [[cave crocodile]] farm!

==Egg Collection==
''Requires: A tame adult female egg-laying animal, a [[nest box]], and [[food hauling]]''

Once you have at least one tame adult female egg-laying animal, you need to build a [[nest box]] to begin production of delicious and filling [[egg]]s. Every so often, the adult females will claim a nest box and lay a clutch of eggs. Then, a [[food hauling|food hauler]] will collect the eggs and move them to a food [[stockpile]]. As food hauling is an unskilled labor; any dwarf in the fortress can be as good at egg collection as every other dwarf! Egg collection is a great way to use those [[peasant]]s that otherwise just move boulders around the fortress.

Eggs must be [[cook]]ed into [[prepared meal]]s at a [[kitchen]] before they can be eaten by dwarves.

==Egg-laying Animals==
''This table is incomplete (2012-05-22). You can help by adding to it.''
{| border="1px #AAA solid;" style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#EEE;"| '''Outdoor Animals'''
|-
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Animal
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Minimum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Maximum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Egg Size*
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Adder]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|16
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Albatross]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|305
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Alligator]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|style="padding:0.2em;"|80
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Alligator snapping turtle]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|70
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Barn owl]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6
|style="padding:0.2em;"|32
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Beak dog]]<sup>‡</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1600
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Black mamba]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|style="padding:0.2em;"|50
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Blue peafowl]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6
|style="padding:0.2em;"|8
|style="padding:0.2em;"|102
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Bushmaster]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|20
|style="padding:0.2em;"|22
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Buzzard]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Cassowary]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6
|style="padding:0.2em;"|550
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Chicken]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|15
|style="padding:0.2em;"|62
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Common snapping turtle]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|50
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Crow]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6
|style="padding:0.2em;"|21
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Desert tortoise]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|40
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Duck]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|8
|style="padding:0.2em;"|13
|style="padding:0.2em;"|52
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Eagle]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|142
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Echidna]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Emperor penguin]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|465
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Emu]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|15
|style="padding:0.2em;"|805
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Giant eagle]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Giant tortoise]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|82
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Gila monster]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|12
|style="padding:0.2em;"|32
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Goose]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|8
|style="padding:0.2em;"|152
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Grey parrot]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|40
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Great horned owl]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|51
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Guineafowl]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|15
|style="padding:0.2em;"|42
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Hornbill]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|50
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Kakapo]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|52
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Kea]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|62
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Kestrel]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6
|style="padding:0.2em;"|32
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[King cobra]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Kingsnake]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|12
|style="padding:0.2em;"|20
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Kiwi]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|450
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Little penguin]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|53
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Loon]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|152
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Monitor lizard]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|15
|style="padding:0.2em;"|25
|style="padding:0.2em;"|70
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Osprey]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Ostrich]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|15
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2000
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Penguin]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|125
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Peregrine falcon]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|4
|style="padding:0.2em;"|46
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Platypus]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|11
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Puffin]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Python]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|style="padding:0.2em;"|50
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Raven]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|7
|style="padding:0.2em;"|52
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Saltwater crocodile]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|20
|style="padding:0.2em;"|70
|style="padding:0.2em;"|100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Sea_serpent|Sea serpent]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Snowy owl]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|62
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Swan]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|7
|style="padding:0.2em;"|340
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Turkey]]<sup>†</sup>
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|14
|style="padding:0.2em;"|87
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Vulture]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[White stork]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|7
|style="padding:0.2em;"|110
|}
:<sup>†</sup> ''Common [[domestic animal]], can be purchased at embark''
:<sup>‡</sup> ''Animal cannot be [[animal trainer|tamed]], and is therefore unsuitable for egg production''
:&#42; ''Egg size does not currently affect food quantity''



{| border="1px #AAA solid;" style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#EEE;"| '''Subterranean Animals'''
|-
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Animal
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Minimum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Maximum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Egg Size*
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Cave crocodile]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|20
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|style="padding:0.2em;"|80
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Cave dragon]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Crundle]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5
|style="padding:0.2em;"|20
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Elk bird]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|60
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Giant cave swallow]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Helmet snake]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|10
|style="padding:0.2em;"|30
|style="padding:0.2em;"|50
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Jabberer]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|5100
|}

:&#42; ''Egg size does not currently affect food quantity''


{| border="1px #AAA solid;" style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable sortable"
|+style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#EEE;"| '''[[:Megabeast|Megabeasts]]'''
|-
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Animal
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Minimum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Maximum Number of Eggs
!style="border:1px #AAA solid;background:#DDD;"| Egg Size*
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Dragon]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|3
|style="padding:0.2em;"|6100
|-
|style="padding:0.2em;"|[[Roc]]
|style="padding:0.2em;"|1
|style="padding:0.2em;"|2
|style="padding:0.2em;"|201000
|}

:&#42; ''Egg size does not currently affect food quantity''

==Bugs==
Aquatic egg laying animals will not claim a nest box. It doesn't matter if the box is built underwater or on land. {{Bug|4105}}

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{{Category|Guides}}
{{Category|Industry}}
{{Industry}}