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Difference between revisions of "40d:Farming"
(IMO, the greenhouse is one of those things that we are leaving players to think of themselves) |
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[[Image:Df-crops-diagram.png|thumb|200px|General farming flowchart.]] | [[Image:Df-crops-diagram.png|thumb|200px|General farming flowchart.]] | ||
| − | '''Farming''' is the most universal source of [[food]] in Dwarf Fortress. On maps with plentiful [[shrub]]s, [[animal]]s or bodies of [[water]], [[plant gathering]], [[hunting]] or [[fishing]] can also produce a lot of food; however, these practices often do not scale to the level needed to feed a full-sized fortress. | + | '''Farming''' is the most universal source of [[food]] in Dwarf Fortress. On maps with plentiful [[shrub]]s, [[animal]]s or bodies of [[water]], [[plant gathering]], [[hunting]] or [[fishing]] can also produce a lot of food; however, these practices often do not scale to the level needed to feed a full-sized fortress. Farming is a highly efficient, reliable, renewable and scalable source of food -- and, after [[cooking]], of compact but valuable trade goods. [[Plants]] are also the only source of [[alcohol]] and [[dye]] other than [[trading]]. Some can be turned into [[clothing]]. |
== Finding farmland == | == Finding farmland == | ||
| − | You cannot plant seeds on a bare rock floor, only on [[mud]] or [[soil]]. The easiest way to farm, by far, is to find some soft, arable soil, which is available in great quantity outside the fortress on most maps (the notable exceptions being mountainous maps). | + | You cannot plant seeds on a bare rock floor, only on [[mud]] or [[soil]]. The easiest way to farm, by far, is to find some soft, arable soil, which is available in great quantity outside the fortress on most maps (the notable exceptions being mountainous maps). If arable soil is unavailable, you will need to set up an [[irrigation]] scheme to deposit mud on the bare rock, which can then have farm plots placed upon it. |
== Aboveground or underground? == | == Aboveground or underground? == | ||
| − | You can plant either underground or aboveground, depending on the type of [[plant]]s you want to grow. The starting [[seed]]s your dwarves may bring with them can only be planted underground. | + | You can plant either underground or aboveground, depending on the type of [[plant]]s you want to grow. The starting [[seed]]s your dwarves may bring with them can only be planted underground. If you want to farm aboveground, you will need to gather seeds from outdoor [[shrub]]s, which can then be planted. Caravans will also sometimes bring additional bags of seeds. |
| − | The farm plot should be either entirely above ground or entirely subterranean. | + | The farm plot should be either entirely above ground or entirely subterranean. A mixed-class farm plot will allow you to choose any crop for planting, but the chosen crop will be planted only on tiles capable of growing it. Worse, planters will not skip over the infertile tiles, leaving the rest of the plot fallow whether it can support the crop or not. |
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== Defining the farm plot == | == Defining the farm plot == | ||
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Once you have a suitable location for farming you can have your farmer(s) prepare a [[farm plot]]. That's the actual bit of soil to be tilled. | Once you have a suitable location for farming you can have your farmer(s) prepare a [[farm plot]]. That's the actual bit of soil to be tilled. | ||
| − | Enter the {{ | + | Enter the {{k|b}}uild menu and place farm {{k|p}}lots. Use {{k|u}} and {{k|k}} to increase the size of the plot, and {{k|m}} and {{k|h}} to decrease it. When the plot is sized and positioned correctly, pressing {{k|Enter}} will place it. Your grower(s) will now rush in and prepare the field, clearing out rubble and other impediments when necessary. |
| − | How much farm space do you need? Surprisingly little. A 5x5 plot will provide enough food to | + | How much farm space do you need? Surprisingly little. A 5x5 plot manned by dabbling farmers will provide enough food to feed and water 30 dwarves. The use of [[Exploits#Cooking_alcohol|boozecooking]] will stretch this to 75 dwarves. If you have decently skilled farmers, the same 5x5 plot (with boozecooking) will feed over 200 dwarves! However, you may wish to increase food production way beyond anything your dwarves could ever consume to create large amounts of valuable trade goods. |
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== Planting == | == Planting == | ||
| − | Once a farmer builds the plots, it's time to plant. Go into the plot's {{ | + | Once a farmer builds the plots, it's time to plant. Go into the plot's {{k|q}} menu and select the type of seed to plant. Your farmers will then take care of the rest. Note that your farmers will not work the plot the whole year without being told to do so: you must designate a crop for ''each'' season. You can designate each season ahead of time by using {{k|a}}, {{k|b}}, {{k|c}}, {{k|d}} from the plot selection screen. You do not have to plant the same thing each season and can change planting orders at anytime, even mid-season. Some plants are only available during certain seasons. |
| − | On a farm that is built but not planted, each tile will look like a solid (not blinking) double tilde (~). | + | On a farm that is built but not planted, each tile will look like a solid (not blinking) double tilde (~). Once a square has been planted, it will look like a double line. Once the square has been harvested, it will return to the previous state (double tilde). |
In the first year, you may want to focus your production on berries aboveground, or fast growing [[plump helmets]] underground, because they can be brewed and eaten raw or cooked. [[Quarry bush]]es, [[cave wheat]] and [[sweet pod]]s require processing before they can be eaten and take longer to grow. [[Pig tail]]s and [[dimple cup]]s can produce cloth and dye respectively, so grow these later. Dimple cups are the only underground crop that can neither be brewed nor otherwise processed into food (except for its seed, which can be cooked). Consider processing and cooking (and adjusted farming) as soon as possible since it adds quality levels to your food and in the case of quarry bushes and sweet pods quintuples the amount of food. Also, if you want to cater for the preferences of your dwarves, you will likely grow all types of crops sooner or later. | In the first year, you may want to focus your production on berries aboveground, or fast growing [[plump helmets]] underground, because they can be brewed and eaten raw or cooked. [[Quarry bush]]es, [[cave wheat]] and [[sweet pod]]s require processing before they can be eaten and take longer to grow. [[Pig tail]]s and [[dimple cup]]s can produce cloth and dye respectively, so grow these later. Dimple cups are the only underground crop that can neither be brewed nor otherwise processed into food (except for its seed, which can be cooked). Consider processing and cooking (and adjusted farming) as soon as possible since it adds quality levels to your food and in the case of quarry bushes and sweet pods quintuples the amount of food. Also, if you want to cater for the preferences of your dwarves, you will likely grow all types of crops sooner or later. | ||
| − | You cannot buy outdoor seeds upon embarking. | + | You cannot buy outdoor seeds upon embarking. If you choose to plant outdoor crops, designate a dwarf with [[plant gathering]] to gather plants outside until you get some suitable plants, then brew them to get the seeds. You may also [[trading|trade]] for outdoor seeds directly from a non-dwarven [[caravan]], which can be a very effective way of getting a lot very quickly. The biome the farm plot is in might have an effect on the plants permitted in the plot.{{verify}} |
| − | Should you wish to plant nothing for a season, you can select {{ | + | Should you wish to plant nothing for a season, you can select {{k|z}} "fallow" from the farm plot menu; this is useful when your larder is overful. If you possess [[potash]], you can fertilize the field to increase yield (see below). |
== Increasing yield == | == Increasing yield == | ||
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Any crop may bear more or less fruit, or (as is sometimes the case with unskilled growers) it may even bear no fruit at all, thus wasting the seed. A higher yield will have many benefits along the whole assembly line of further food processing: workers will always work on one "stack" at a time – if (for example) a brewer has "sweet pod [5]" to work with, he will produce "dwarven rum [25]" and somehow squeeze it all into a single barrel. | Any crop may bear more or less fruit, or (as is sometimes the case with unskilled growers) it may even bear no fruit at all, thus wasting the seed. A higher yield will have many benefits along the whole assembly line of further food processing: workers will always work on one "stack" at a time – if (for example) a brewer has "sweet pod [5]" to work with, he will produce "dwarven rum [25]" and somehow squeeze it all into a single barrel. | ||
The yield from a single seed depends on the farmers' [[skill]] and, if above ground, on whether the plot was fertilized. | The yield from a single seed depends on the farmers' [[skill]] and, if above ground, on whether the plot was fertilized. | ||
| − | * '''skill''': no particular skill is checked when harvesting. Only the [[grower]] skill of the farmer who '''planted''' the seed is taken into account. Dabbling planters will frequently produce stacks of only one, and sometimes even zero plants. | + | * '''skill''': no particular skill is checked when harvesting. Only the [[grower]] skill of the farmer who '''planted''' the seed is taken into account. Dabbling planters will frequently produce stacks of only one, and sometimes even zero plants. Legendary growers will often produce "plant name [5]" and rarely even "plant name [6]" stacks from a single seed on a non fertilized field. |
| − | *'''fertilization''': Fertilization increases yield up to about 1.5 times{{Verify}}. The amount of [[potash]] needed to fully fertilize a field depends on its size and whether it is indoor or outdoor. Outdoor farms require much more fertilizer. Using {{ | + | *'''fertilization''': Fertilization increases yield up to about 1.5 times{{Verify}}. The amount of [[potash]] needed to fully fertilize a field depends on its size and whether it is indoor or outdoor. Outdoor farms require much more fertilizer. Using {{k|q}} to view the farm plot, look for the field that looks like "''n''/''N'' ft." ''n'' is the amount of fertilizer applied so far, while ''N'' is the maximum amount that may be applied. To fertilize the field choose the {{k|f}}'''ertilize''' command. The {{k|s}}'''eas Fert''' option tells your dwarves to automatically fertilize a field after each season change. You can only fertilize some farming set ups: muddy farm plots, [[irrigation]]-enhanced farms, plots bordered by damp walls on multiple sides. The exact parameters are unknown.{{verify}} |
In a discussion concerning the chances to get stacks of 6 plants, [[Toady]] has mentioned: | In a discussion concerning the chances to get stacks of 6 plants, [[Toady]] has mentioned: | ||
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Harvesting plants earns dwarves [[experience]] in the "growing" [[skill]], so do not be surprised if all your dwarves soon become "dabbling" (or better) growers. Because of that, peasants with no other occupation become farmers almost automatically. Do not be afraid that they might trample your fields: the skill is of no importance during harvest, and no matter how much skill they earn they will still only plant crops if you allow them to in their individual "labor" menu. | Harvesting plants earns dwarves [[experience]] in the "growing" [[skill]], so do not be surprised if all your dwarves soon become "dabbling" (or better) growers. Because of that, peasants with no other occupation become farmers almost automatically. Do not be afraid that they might trample your fields: the skill is of no importance during harvest, and no matter how much skill they earn they will still only plant crops if you allow them to in their individual "labor" menu. | ||
| − | If you chose to turn off "All dwarves harvest" in your {{ | + | If you chose to turn off "All dwarves harvest" in your {{k|o}}rders menu, only dwarves with the "Farming (Fields)" labor enabled will harvest. However, they will often choose to plant new seeds instead of reaping the existing crop, so you risk that some amount may wither. After harvesting a plant (plucking it out of the ground), dwarves will carry it to the nearest [[stockpile]] unless you have "Dwarves ignore food" set in your {{k|o}}rders menu, in which case they will leave the plant blinking on the field. If not moved to a stockpile within a few weeks, it will wither. |
== Caveats (warnings) == | == Caveats (warnings) == | ||
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If you manage to get large-scale farming up and running, you will need to employ many food haulers in order for the food produced on your farms to be edible, even if it has already been harvested. This is because in the current version of the game, items tagged for pending tasks (including Move to Stockpile and Store in Barrel) are unavailable for any other use -- such as eating. An entire fortress of dwarves can starve while they wait for somebody to ''move the food''. | If you manage to get large-scale farming up and running, you will need to employ many food haulers in order for the food produced on your farms to be edible, even if it has already been harvested. This is because in the current version of the game, items tagged for pending tasks (including Move to Stockpile and Store in Barrel) are unavailable for any other use -- such as eating. An entire fortress of dwarves can starve while they wait for somebody to ''move the food''. | ||
| − | One way to deal with this problem (at least during the heavy farming/harvesting seasons) is to disable hauling of both stone and wood in the top-level {{ | + | One way to deal with this problem (at least during the heavy farming/harvesting seasons) is to disable hauling of both stone and wood in the top-level {{k|o}}rders menu. This way, most of those jobs will clear out of the job queue, and you will be left mostly with "Store in Barrel" type jobs. You can also increase the number of dedicated food haulers. |
=== Storage === | === Storage === | ||
| − | It can be difficult to manage barrels to store food and drink, and bags to store seeds and processed foods. | + | It can be difficult to manage barrels to store food and drink, and bags to store seeds and processed foods. Combat this by [[Cooking|cooking]] food to consolidate it into larger stacks that won't rot outside of a barrel (it just needs to be indoors on a food stockpile). In the {{k|p}} menu, you can also reserve some empty barrels that will not be used for food storage; instead, they will only be used for brewing and syrup processing tasks. Leaves, sugar, and flour are not edible; to use them up and free their bags, you must cook. You can also cook excess seeds (albeit only up to 4 at a time), to reclaim the bags they occupy. Make sure not to cook your last crop seed! |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 23:13, 11 December 2008
Farming is the most universal source of food in Dwarf Fortress. On maps with plentiful shrubs, animals or bodies of water, plant gathering, hunting or fishing can also produce a lot of food; however, these practices often do not scale to the level needed to feed a full-sized fortress. Farming is a highly efficient, reliable, renewable and scalable source of food -- and, after cooking, of compact but valuable trade goods. Plants are also the only source of alcohol and dye other than trading. Some can be turned into clothing.
Finding farmland
You cannot plant seeds on a bare rock floor, only on mud or soil. The easiest way to farm, by far, is to find some soft, arable soil, which is available in great quantity outside the fortress on most maps (the notable exceptions being mountainous maps). If arable soil is unavailable, you will need to set up an irrigation scheme to deposit mud on the bare rock, which can then have farm plots placed upon it.
Aboveground or underground?
You can plant either underground or aboveground, depending on the type of plants you want to grow. The starting seeds your dwarves may bring with them can only be planted underground. If you want to farm aboveground, you will need to gather seeds from outdoor shrubs, which can then be planted. Caravans will also sometimes bring additional bags of seeds.
The farm plot should be either entirely above ground or entirely subterranean. A mixed-class farm plot will allow you to choose any crop for planting, but the chosen crop will be planted only on tiles capable of growing it. Worse, planters will not skip over the infertile tiles, leaving the rest of the plot fallow whether it can support the crop or not.
Defining the farm plot
Once you have a suitable location for farming you can have your farmer(s) prepare a farm plot. That's the actual bit of soil to be tilled.
Enter the build menu and place farm plots. Use u and k to increase the size of the plot, and m and h to decrease it. When the plot is sized and positioned correctly, pressing Enter will place it. Your grower(s) will now rush in and prepare the field, clearing out rubble and other impediments when necessary.
How much farm space do you need? Surprisingly little. A 5x5 plot manned by dabbling farmers will provide enough food to feed and water 30 dwarves. The use of boozecooking will stretch this to 75 dwarves. If you have decently skilled farmers, the same 5x5 plot (with boozecooking) will feed over 200 dwarves! However, you may wish to increase food production way beyond anything your dwarves could ever consume to create large amounts of valuable trade goods.
Planting
Once a farmer builds the plots, it's time to plant. Go into the plot's q menu and select the type of seed to plant. Your farmers will then take care of the rest. Note that your farmers will not work the plot the whole year without being told to do so: you must designate a crop for each season. You can designate each season ahead of time by using a, b, c, d from the plot selection screen. You do not have to plant the same thing each season and can change planting orders at anytime, even mid-season. Some plants are only available during certain seasons.
On a farm that is built but not planted, each tile will look like a solid (not blinking) double tilde (~). Once a square has been planted, it will look like a double line. Once the square has been harvested, it will return to the previous state (double tilde).
In the first year, you may want to focus your production on berries aboveground, or fast growing plump helmets underground, because they can be brewed and eaten raw or cooked. Quarry bushes, cave wheat and sweet pods require processing before they can be eaten and take longer to grow. Pig tails and dimple cups can produce cloth and dye respectively, so grow these later. Dimple cups are the only underground crop that can neither be brewed nor otherwise processed into food (except for its seed, which can be cooked). Consider processing and cooking (and adjusted farming) as soon as possible since it adds quality levels to your food and in the case of quarry bushes and sweet pods quintuples the amount of food. Also, if you want to cater for the preferences of your dwarves, you will likely grow all types of crops sooner or later.
You cannot buy outdoor seeds upon embarking. If you choose to plant outdoor crops, designate a dwarf with plant gathering to gather plants outside until you get some suitable plants, then brew them to get the seeds. You may also trade for outdoor seeds directly from a non-dwarven caravan, which can be a very effective way of getting a lot very quickly. The biome the farm plot is in might have an effect on the plants permitted in the plot.[Verify]
Should you wish to plant nothing for a season, you can select z "fallow" from the farm plot menu; this is useful when your larder is overful. If you possess potash, you can fertilize the field to increase yield (see below).
Increasing yield
Any crop may bear more or less fruit, or (as is sometimes the case with unskilled growers) it may even bear no fruit at all, thus wasting the seed. A higher yield will have many benefits along the whole assembly line of further food processing: workers will always work on one "stack" at a time – if (for example) a brewer has "sweet pod [5]" to work with, he will produce "dwarven rum [25]" and somehow squeeze it all into a single barrel.
The yield from a single seed depends on the farmers' skill and, if above ground, on whether the plot was fertilized.
- skill: no particular skill is checked when harvesting. Only the grower skill of the farmer who planted the seed is taken into account. Dabbling planters will frequently produce stacks of only one, and sometimes even zero plants. Legendary growers will often produce "plant name [5]" and rarely even "plant name [6]" stacks from a single seed on a non fertilized field.
- fertilization: Fertilization increases yield up to about 1.5 times[Verify]. The amount of potash needed to fully fertilize a field depends on its size and whether it is indoor or outdoor. Outdoor farms require much more fertilizer. Using q to view the farm plot, look for the field that looks like "n/N ft." n is the amount of fertilizer applied so far, while N is the maximum amount that may be applied. To fertilize the field choose the fertilize command. The seas Fert option tells your dwarves to automatically fertilize a field after each season change. You can only fertilize some farming set ups: muddy farm plots, irrigation-enhanced farms, plots bordered by damp walls on multiple sides. The exact parameters are unknown.[Verify]
In a discussion concerning the chances to get stacks of 6 plants, Toady has mentioned:
Yeah, even a novice farmer will get 6 of them once out of every 12000000 attempts. I think the most you can get is 11 with full fertilization and good farming skill rolls (and some luck).
Harvesting
A few weeks after planting a seed, a crop will sprout on that spot. Crops must be harvested within another few weeks or they will wither. By default, all dwarves will harvest, including children and even nobles. This may or may not be desirable: on the one hand, it makes sure that no crops will wither; on the other, it may lead to far away dwarves interrupting their work and running a long way in order to harvest a single plant and less skill gains for your planters.
Harvesting plants earns dwarves experience in the "growing" skill, so do not be surprised if all your dwarves soon become "dabbling" (or better) growers. Because of that, peasants with no other occupation become farmers almost automatically. Do not be afraid that they might trample your fields: the skill is of no importance during harvest, and no matter how much skill they earn they will still only plant crops if you allow them to in their individual "labor" menu.
If you chose to turn off "All dwarves harvest" in your orders menu, only dwarves with the "Farming (Fields)" labor enabled will harvest. However, they will often choose to plant new seeds instead of reaping the existing crop, so you risk that some amount may wither. After harvesting a plant (plucking it out of the ground), dwarves will carry it to the nearest stockpile unless you have "Dwarves ignore food" set in your orders menu, in which case they will leave the plant blinking on the field. If not moved to a stockpile within a few weeks, it will wither.
Caveats (warnings)
Food hauling
If you manage to get large-scale farming up and running, you will need to employ many food haulers in order for the food produced on your farms to be edible, even if it has already been harvested. This is because in the current version of the game, items tagged for pending tasks (including Move to Stockpile and Store in Barrel) are unavailable for any other use -- such as eating. An entire fortress of dwarves can starve while they wait for somebody to move the food.
One way to deal with this problem (at least during the heavy farming/harvesting seasons) is to disable hauling of both stone and wood in the top-level orders menu. This way, most of those jobs will clear out of the job queue, and you will be left mostly with "Store in Barrel" type jobs. You can also increase the number of dedicated food haulers.
Storage
It can be difficult to manage barrels to store food and drink, and bags to store seeds and processed foods. Combat this by cooking food to consolidate it into larger stacks that won't rot outside of a barrel (it just needs to be indoors on a food stockpile). In the p menu, you can also reserve some empty barrels that will not be used for food storage; instead, they will only be used for brewing and syrup processing tasks. Leaves, sugar, and flour are not edible; to use them up and free their bags, you must cook. You can also cook excess seeds (albeit only up to 4 at a time), to reclaim the bags they occupy. Make sure not to cook your last crop seed!