v0.31:Irrigation

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	How do you create a custom stockpile that accepts only prepared foods?
	How do you successfully breed and utilize animals(grazing, non-grazing and poultry)?
	How often do you need to irrigate your farm fields?
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v50.14 · v0.47 · v0.34 · v0.31.25 · v0.28 · v0.23

This article is about an older version of DF.

More Info · V

xTATTEREDx · +FINE+ · *SUPERIOR* · ≡EXCEPTIONAL≡ · ☼MASTERWORK☼

Irrigation is is the process of adding water to an underground or rock tile so that it can be Template:L. This is done by flooding the tile with Template:L. Any amount of water will suffice but the less water, the better—farms cannot be built on any square containing water of Template:L. Tiles of depth 2/7 will flow into nearby tiles until the area is 1/7 if possible so this is only an issue if deep water is placed in an enclosed area.

Once the water has evaporated or been allowed to flow away, the tile will remain muddied unless a Template:L is built over it. Viewing the tile will cause it to display 'a pile of mud', 'a small pile of mud', or 'a dusting of mud' in its contents.

Farms must be built on muddy tiles. Farms cannot be built on underground tiles (rock or soil) unless those tiles have been muddied. This is not the case for above ground farming, where you can Template:L and Template:L them for alcohol or even farm in above ground soil with the gathered seeds. But underground farming is a generally quicker, safer and more reliable (and dwarven) way to gain Template:L and Template:L. Plus, you can only embark with seeds for underground crops. So, it is useful to know how to irrigate with as little investment in workshops and mechanisms as possible.

Farms can be built on unsuitable ground but doing so will display a warning message. If even a single square of the farm is not irrigated, it will be unusable.

Template:L, for obvious reasons, cannot be used to irrigate^[Verify] but can cause Template:L.

Easy Irrigation

One obstacle to early irrigation is the time required to build mechanisms (which cannot be taken when Template:L and take time to set up). They can also be daunting to newer players and mistakes can result in floods or famine - common sources of Template:L. The methods below are designed to work without mechanisms.

via Murky Pool

Most areas contain Template:L, which provide one of the quickest, simplest methods of starting a farm. Digging out an area near a murky pool and draining the pool into it is an easy way to make the ground muddy and farmable.

You should first locate a pool near where you wish to put the farm. While any finite water source works, you need to drain the excess water somehow or allow it to evaporate, so smaller pools are usually preferable. Once you find a good location, dig out the room and dig a tunnel that ends with only 1 tile between it and the pool. If you want to simply allow the water to evaporate after irrigation, the floorspace in the farm should about about 5 or 6 times that of the pool. Otherwise, you can dig another room out underneath the farm via stairs placed on the opposite side from the pool to drain the water after irrigation.

Finally, channel out the one tile between the tunnel and the pool and the water will flow in.

If you miscalculate the area, there are two possible outcomes, both easily solvable-

If the dug area is too large, some tiles will be left unmuddied. While muddying these squares is a lot of trouble and arguably not worth it, these tiles are perfect for seed stockpiles.
If the dug area is too small, there will be at least one tile of 2/7 depth. Until some of the water Template:L (which will still happen, albeit slower, in the 1/7 tiles), you won't be able to farm it. However, unless you've drastically miscalculated, dwarves will be able to wade through the water and dig more tiles to expand the farm to the correct size.

via Buckets

It is possible to irrigate an area by carrying water in Template:L from virtually any source, such as a Template:L, a Template:L, or a good-sized Template:L.

To do this, find a subterranean area where you plan to locate your farm. Tunnel two z layers of the same size, as the upper z level will be the irrigation gallery for our farms. The irrigation will fall down to the desired tiles on the z-level below, creating our mud for farming.

Note that if you carve the channels on the surface, the below farm will be listed as Light and Above Ground, restricting certain crops.

Template:L the upper gallery in the following pattern:

++++
+..+    legend
+..+     . = channeled tile
++++     + = floor

(If you haven't Template:L the farm level by this point, you will have down ramps in your channeled tiles. Tunnel out the z-level below, as that is where your farms will be.)

Template:L the channeled tiles on the upper gallery as Template:L. If you designate each channeled tile individually as a pond, you can quickly muddy your planned farm tiles as only one dwarf can fill a pond activity zone, and you can control the spread of the water precisely. As each pond tile gets its first filling of water (bringing it to 1/7 depth), dezone that pond tile, and this will result in an exact match of mud on the floor below.

This process creates "a dusting of mud" on the floor below, which is all that is needed to plant underground crops. Place your farm plots over just these muddied tiles.

Lower floor will look like the following:

++++ 
+mm+    legend 
+mm+     m = muddied tile 
++++     + = floor

You can vary the basic square to any rectangle, so long as you keep the rectangle 2 wide or 2 long, and this will result in quick and efficient muddy tile creation on the floor below.

If you accidentally add too much water, you can wait for some of the water to evaporate or for it to spread to nearby tiles. However, as long as you keep an eye on the dwarves and dezone that pond tile on the upper gallery as soon as a dwarf dumps a bucket of water, you shouldn't have this occur.

Other ways to easily create an upper irrigation gallery and a lower resulting farm level are possible. This is left up to the fortress designers to experiment with.

Irrigation via Corkscrew Pump

This method ranks somewhere between easy and complex irrigation as it's set up relatively quickly while not necessarily looking as cool as the complex method. It needs a pump and a river/brook in a chasm though. A lake will do well too.

You start by digging out a tunnel of one tile and a rectangular room near the river exaclty one level above the river. The floor of the room has to be at the same level as the surface of the river. It doesn't have to be walled on the side of the river as you'll need some open space for the water to get out. If you have dug it farther away from the river, you should dig another tunnel from the room to the water source so that the pumped in water can get out.

Secondly, at the end of the one tile wide tunnel you'll set up the pump. You'll need a free place next to the light green part of the pump for a dwarf to be able to operate it. It will only be operated once, so you don't need any axles or gears or waterwheels or whatever. Manual pump operation is all it takes.

After setting up the pump (whose dark green end has to be between the tunnel's walls) you can start pumping water into the room. If you have set up everything strategically smartly you should have a pump filling up the room with water. The water should flow through the room and out of it at the open side of the room. After having enough muddy ground tiles you can stop the dwarf from operating the pump and deconstruct it (the pump, not the dwarf!) if you like. After some time the water should have completely left the room or oozed away and you should have some beautiful muddy ground tiles to farm on.

You should also consider a bridge for the farmers to reach the farming plots. The bridge at the exit point of the water should be long enough so that the water won't flow over it and damp the ground at its far end. You can do without that second bridge though as you can deconstruct the pump after the irrigation. So there is already a passage for the farmers to get to the plots.

Good luck! Here's a diagram of this method...

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Complex Irrigation

The following method of irrigation takes longer to build, but it is more reliable, looks cooler and of course it's more Template:L.

via Reservoir

A reservoir system which provides enough water for 8 fields. Upper level

The irrigated bottom level.

First you need a sufficient source of Template:L. The best would be a Template:L or Template:L, but it is also possible to use a bigger murky pool (it depends on how many fields you want to irrigate).

For every 7x7 farm plot you need

a floodgate
a hatch cover
4 mechanisms (for linking)
a door

You also need

2 Mechanisms for the levers
at least one additional door (if you have enough time to set up a wall or floodgate as well)

Use the following pattern:

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After your miners have dug the pattern, channel the tile under each hatch cover's location. Now place the hatch covers and link them to lever 1. After that you can place the floodgates and link them to lever 2. To start the irrigation channel out the last tile to the river / murky pool. Pull the floodgate-lever to fill the reservoirs and pull it again when they are 7/7. Finally pull the hatch cover-lever and release the water to the lower level.

This reservoir contains 70 units of water (10x7). 9 units of water are lost to the ground of the reservoir (61 left). Roughly 10 units evaporate while spreading (~51). The water should be just enough to cover the whole farm plot and evaporate quickly.