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Editing v0.34:Exploratory mining

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:''This article is about exploring rock layers while digging through them; if you're looking for tips for exploring already discovered [[caverns]], check [[Caverns#Methods of Exploration]]''
 
 
 
Once you've had enough [[Losing|fun]] to have a basic fortress working, it becomes necessary to dig down in search of ores, gems, water, etc. Exploratory mining attempts to dig out as little as possible in order to see as much as is possible, using clever digging patterns.
 
Once you've had enough [[Losing|fun]] to have a basic fortress working, it becomes necessary to dig down in search of ores, gems, water, etc. Exploratory mining attempts to dig out as little as possible in order to see as much as is possible, using clever digging patterns.
  
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== Goals ==
 
== Goals ==
The main goal of exploratory mining is to find something which lies in the stone layers, be they raw materials such as [[Ore|ores]], [[gems]] and other [[Stone#Other_Stone|useful stones]], or special features such as [[caverns]] and [[magma]]. A secondary goal for exploratory mining is to increase the count of visible subterranean tiles, which is one cap on the eligibility for [[strange mood]]s.
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Minerals are quite common (as of v0.31.01), reducing the need for extensive exploratory mining to find raw materials.  Instead, the goal of most exploratory mining will be finding special features like [[Caverns]] and [[Magma]].
While minerals are quite common, reducing the need for extensive exploratory mining, one might still want to search for rare gems, some of which appear in small or even single-tile clusters.
+
One might want to dig down to the caverns to find drinkable water, if the surface is all saltwater or winter-frozen ponds.
Another might want access to the [[caverns]] as soon and as easily as possible, for instance to get access to subterranean [[water]] or to set up an underground [[Tree_farming|tree farm]].
 
 
 
Either way, applying a good exploratory mining method will ensure you will find what you want as soon as possible, and without missing anything.
 
 
 
  
 
== Dangers ==
 
== Dangers ==
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*Large pools of liquids ([[Water]], [[Magma]])
 
*Large pools of liquids ([[Water]], [[Magma]])
 
*[[Hidden Fun Stuff|Fun]]
 
*[[Hidden Fun Stuff|Fun]]
*[[FPS]] death from pathing and item count
 
 
  
 
==Strategies==
 
==Strategies==
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Those interested in *safely* exploring the depths may wish to create a level every so often where the stairway is broken so you can create barriers (like doors or lever-controlled floodgates) or garrison military squads to deal with any discovered hostiles.
 
Those interested in *safely* exploring the depths may wish to create a level every so often where the stairway is broken so you can create barriers (like doors or lever-controlled floodgates) or garrison military squads to deal with any discovered hostiles.
 
It is also recommended to isolate your exploratory mines from your fortress proper, to allow the mines to be closed off and removed from pathing calculations.
 
  
 
== Exploratory Patterns ==
 
== Exploratory Patterns ==
  
Patterns are represented by a unit tile. This unit tile is repeated throughout the area intended for excavation to create the desired pattern. Each pattern is analyzed with the above factors in mind. Note that single-floor patterns can be enhanced to explore one additional z-level by replacing mining designations with either channel or ramp designations; doing so effectively doubles their efficiency. Designating "down stairs" instead will reveal one additional tile directly below each tile mined.
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Patterns are represented by a unit tile. This unit tile is repeated throughout the area intended for excavation to create the desired pattern. Each pattern is analyzed with the above factors in mind.
  
Key:
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Key:
 
  . = Mined (floor)
 
  . = Mined (floor)
 
  x = Mined (shaft)
 
  x = Mined (shaft)
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* ''Visibility'': '''100%''' of the tiles are visible, obviously.
 
* ''Visibility'': '''100%''' of the tiles are visible, obviously.
 
* ''Reusability'': Approaches zero, except for mass storage. Any design other than a large hall requires reconstruction.
 
* ''Reusability'': Approaches zero, except for mass storage. Any design other than a large hall requires reconstruction.
* ''Bottom line'': Easy to designate, but miners tend to be a bit chaotic in their approach to the task.  Hollowing wastes labor like there's no tomorrow, but integrates extraction into the exploratory mining process. Use only if you have a lot of labor to spare, or need huge amounts of stone and don't mind the reconstruction required to make the hollow area habitable. Some research has shown that large open areas are particularly costly for pathing calculations.
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* ''Bottom line'': Easy to designate, but miners tend to be a bit chaotic in their approach to the task.  Hollowing wastes labor like there's no tomorrow, but integrates extraction into the exploratory mining process. Use only if you have a lot of labor to spare, or need huge amounts of stone and don't mind the reconstruction required to make the hollow area habitable.
 
 
* ''Enhancement'': Hollow with "down stairs" designations and the entire level below will be revealed but untouched. This can allow you to plan your layout to take best advantage of the ores and clusters to create high-value rooms.
 
  
 
=== Rows ===
 
=== Rows ===
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* ''Bottom line'': Easy to designate, and a single miner will focus on one tunnel to the end or they take a [[break]]. This method achieves the same visibility as hollowing out, but using a mere third of the labor. Ideal for hunting single-tile gems. As an added bonus, it is more efficient than a 3×3 design.
 
* ''Bottom line'': Easy to designate, and a single miner will focus on one tunnel to the end or they take a [[break]]. This method achieves the same visibility as hollowing out, but using a mere third of the labor. Ideal for hunting single-tile gems. As an added bonus, it is more efficient than a 3×3 design.
  
Larger "tunnel" patterns are suggested to be dug in multiples of "3" to allow for later complete revealing with minimum effort.<br style="clear:both;">
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Larger "tunnel" patterns are suggested to be dug in multiples of "3" to allow for later complete revealing with minimum effort.
 
 
  
 
=== Ladder Rows ===
 
=== Ladder Rows ===
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* ''Reusability'': Moderate. Alternating corridors can be mined out to create 5 tile wide rooms of any length... if the extra doors aren't a concern.
 
* ''Reusability'': Moderate. Alternating corridors can be mined out to create 5 tile wide rooms of any length... if the extra doors aren't a concern.
 
* ''Bottom line'': A little more tedious to designate, but the increased re-usability and efficiency make this an attractive alternative.
 
* ''Bottom line'': A little more tedious to designate, but the increased re-usability and efficiency make this an attractive alternative.
* ''Note'': The [[Utility:DFHack|dfhack]] command 'digexp ladder' will automatically apply this pattern.<br style="clear:both;">
 
 
  
 
=== Diagonal every 5 ===
 
=== Diagonal every 5 ===
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* ''Visibility'': '''100%'''.
 
* ''Visibility'': '''100%'''.
 
* ''Reusability'': With a bit of imagination you can build nice 3x3 rooms
 
* ''Reusability'': With a bit of imagination you can build nice 3x3 rooms
* ''Bottom line'': This method is the most efficient single-level pattern with 100% visibility. This one doesn't use other levels to move from one spot to another but is annoying to designate manually.
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* ''Bottom line'': This method is moderately efficient among those with 100% visibility. This one doesn't use other levels to move from one spot to another but is annoying to designate.
* ''Note'': The [[Utility:DFHack|dfhack]] command 'digexp diag5' will automatically apply this pattern.
 
  
 
A variation would put diagonals every 10 or 20, laying the groundwork to fill them in later for higher visibility if desired.
 
A variation would put diagonals every 10 or 20, laying the groundwork to fill them in later for higher visibility if desired.
  
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=== Mine shafts, grid of every 3 tiles ===
  
=== Mine shafts, grid of every 3 tiles ===
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* ''Bottom line'': You'll need to clear part of one layer to get the shafts started up or down (use one of the other methods to cover the area), but for one shaft at a time this method is, tile for tile, the most efficient for those with 100% visibility, and has a great reuse value.  In practice, however, if you have more than one shaft being dug at one time, up/down-mining can cause miners to jump around between shafts, wasting time.
 
* ''Bottom line'': You'll need to clear part of one layer to get the shafts started up or down (use one of the other methods to cover the area), but for one shaft at a time this method is, tile for tile, the most efficient for those with 100% visibility, and has a great reuse value.  In practice, however, if you have more than one shaft being dug at one time, up/down-mining can cause miners to jump around between shafts, wasting time.
  
:It takes a lot of keypressing to designate, although you can save some effort by designating every third row across the entire width and height of the area to be excavated and then removing the designations ({{k|d}}-{{k|x}}) on all but every third column. For a discussion on optimizing dig times with mineshafts, see [[mineshaft stitching]].
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:It takes a lot of keypressing to designate, although you can save some effort by designating every third row across the entire width and height of the area to be excavated and then removing the designations ({{k|d}}-{{k|x}}) on all but every third column.
 +
''For a discussion on optimizing travel times through mineshafts, see [[Mineshaft stitching]].''
  
 
=== Diagonal ramps ===
 
=== Diagonal ramps ===
  
The pattern as shown is 1 up-ramp every 7 tiles vertically, or 1/14 horizontally, though this could be turned 90 degrees.  The downramps are shown, but are only designated as up ramps on the level below. This pattern can also use channel designations in place of ramps to mine in a downward direction. (Be ''sure'' you know how [[ramp]]s work before trying this one!)
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The pattern as shown is 1 up-ramp every 7 tiles vertically, or 1/14 horizontally, though this could be turned 90 degrees.  The downramps are shown, but are only designated on the next level down. (Be ''sure'' you know how [[ramp]]s work before trying this one!)
  
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* ''Labor'': 7.1% of the tiles are designated to dig (1/14), but 14.3% are excavated (1/7).
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* ''Labor'': 14.3% of the tiles are excavated (1/7).
 
* ''Target'': Any size. Clusters as small as a single tile are revealed.
 
* ''Target'': Any size. Clusters as small as a single tile are revealed.
 
* ''Visibility'': '''100%'''.
 
* ''Visibility'': '''100%'''.
 
* ''Reusability'': Moderate.  3x3 spaces cannot be created until at least one up-ramp is removed or a down-ramp floored over.  [[Ramp]]s are less convenient than stairs for many purposes (for example, digging out the wrong tiles around a ramp can make it unusable).   
 
* ''Reusability'': Moderate.  3x3 spaces cannot be created until at least one up-ramp is removed or a down-ramp floored over.  [[Ramp]]s are less convenient than stairs for many purposes (for example, digging out the wrong tiles around a ramp can make it unusable).   
* ''Bottom line'': Combines the advantages of diagonal and vertical digging, along with the benefit of ramps and channels excavating two tiles at the same time. The most efficient method of all, but difficult to designate and somewhat inconvenient (especially around the edges of the map).  Awkward to stitch together.<br style="clear:both;">
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* ''Bottom line'': In some ways the most efficient method of all, but difficult to designate and somewhat inconvenient (especially around the edges of the map).  Awkward to stitch together.
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=== Pinwheel Shafts===
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* ''Labor'': In this example about 17.3% of the tiles are being excavated.
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* ''Target'': All except single-tile targets are guaranteed to be found, and those will only rarely be missed.
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* ''Visibility'': '''96.6%'''.
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* ''Reusability'': Workshops can be easily fitted into the unmined 3x3 areas.
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* ''Bottom line'': Very similar to Mine Shafts, but you can replace the up/down stairways with alternating up stairs and down stairs on different levels, eliminating the chance that one of your dwarves will slip and fall all the way down the shaft to their deaths.
  
 
=== 7×7 blocks ===
 
=== 7×7 blocks ===
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* ''Bottom line'': This is a low-labor method great for vein-hunting. The low labor cost puts you in a position to invest more and get better coverage if desired.
 
* ''Bottom line'': This is a low-labor method great for vein-hunting. The low labor cost puts you in a position to invest more and get better coverage if desired.
  
If you think you may wish to later use the "rows" method (above) for 100% visibility, this could be based on a spacing of 6, 9, or 12.  Wider spacing starts to risk missing even veins.<br style="clear:both;">
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If you think you may wish to later use the "rows" method (above) for 100% visibility, this could be based on a spacing of 6, 9, or 12.  Wider spacing starts to risk missing even veins.
 
 
  
 
=== 15×15 blocks ===
 
=== 15×15 blocks ===
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* ''Visibility'': 87/256 (34%) of the tiles are visible.
 
* ''Visibility'': 87/256 (34%) of the tiles are visible.
 
* ''Reusability'': High. A 15×15 block of solid rock is extremely versatile when it comes to interior design. It's easily converted into a 7×7 block design, which may be further converted into a 3×3 block design.
 
* ''Reusability'': High. A 15×15 block of solid rock is extremely versatile when it comes to interior design. It's easily converted into a 7×7 block design, which may be further converted into a 3×3 block design.
* ''Bottom line'': This method is preferable when you are low on labor. It can easily accommodate parts of your fort, or serve as the precursor for a more thorough search.  A 12×12 or 18×18 version are also valid options, with obvious (dis)advantages.<br style="clear:both;">
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* ''Bottom line'': This method is preferable when you are low on labor. It can easily accommodate parts of your fort, or serve as the precursor for a more thorough search.  A 12×12 or 18×18 version are also valid options, with obvious (dis)advantages.
  
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=== Mine Shafts on a 6-, 9-, 12-, or 15-grid ===
  
=== Mine Shafts on a 6-, 9-, 12-, or 15-grid ===
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* ''Bottom line'': This method should be used when you are looking for [[caverns]], or getting a feel for the various rock layers, or just hoping to get lucky with little effort.  Grids larger than 15 may start to miss even large features such as large clusters, but can be used for identifying stone layers, and can always be filled back in later with shafts on a tighter grid.
 
* ''Bottom line'': This method should be used when you are looking for [[caverns]], or getting a feel for the various rock layers, or just hoping to get lucky with little effort.  Grids larger than 15 may start to miss even large features such as large clusters, but can be used for identifying stone layers, and can always be filled back in later with shafts on a tighter grid.
  
With any grid pattern, a (much) wider version could be used to start and to locate specific stone layers/areas, and then filled in later in a tighter pattern where you want if you're not lucky the first pass.  If you plan to use the 3-grid pattern (for a 100% tile reveal) later, create your grid with intervals that are a multiple of "3".  If you are only looking for veins, features or just don't care, then do as you will and play it by ear later.<br style="clear:both;">
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With any grid pattern, a (much) wider version could be used to start and to locate specific stone layers/areas, and then filled in later in a tighter pattern where you want if you're not lucky the first pass.  If you plan to use the 3-grid pattern (for a 100% tile reveal) later, create your grid with intervals that are a multiple of "3".  If you are only looking for veins, features or just don't care, then do as you will and play it by ear later.
 +
 
  
  
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----
 
== Mountain Top Removal Excavation ==
 
== Mountain Top Removal Excavation ==
When the fortress is large enough, nearly every dwarf is standing idle, you have plenty of picks, and just want to mine it all ([[Elf|Environmentalist Hippies]] can go to HFS!), complete excavation may be in order.  The risk of cave-in or stranded dwarves prevents simply designating an entire mountain Channel, but mining the whole thing can be done with minimum player effort.
+
When the fortress is large enough, nearly every dwarf is standing idle, you have plenty of picks, and just want to mine it all ([[Elf|Environmentalist Hippies]] can go to HFS!), complete excavation may be in order.  The risk of cave-in or stranded dwarfs prevents simply designating an entire mountain Channel, but mining the whole thing can be done with minimum player effort.
  
 
* Designate up-down stairs on the entire area to excavate, on every z-level.  Designate the lowest level up-stairs, and leave a single tile one z-level above undesignated.
 
* Designate up-down stairs on the entire area to excavate, on every z-level.  Designate the lowest level up-stairs, and leave a single tile one z-level above undesignated.
* Let the dwarves mine it.
+
* Let the dwarfs mine it.
* If any walls are attached to the outermost edge of the excavation area, designate all of the edge stairs Channel to remove them (dwarves will mine them from the neighboring stairs).
+
* If any walls are attached to the outermost edge of the excavation area, designate all of the edge stairs Channel to remove them (dwarfs will mine them from the neighboring stairs).
 
* Designate the lowest z-level for Remove Up Stairs.  Leave one to prevent cave-in!
 
* Designate the lowest z-level for Remove Up Stairs.  Leave one to prevent cave-in!
 
* Build a support under the unmined tile (remember step #1?).  Remove the last up stair, once everyone is out of the stairs above.
 
* Build a support under the unmined tile (remember step #1?).  Remove the last up stair, once everyone is out of the stairs above.
* Link a lever far away, keep away all the <strike>suicidal idiots</strike> dwarves and pull it.
+
* Link a lever far away, keep away all the <strike>suicidal idiots</strike> dwarfs and pull it.
  
 
After a long wait, the entire block of stairs will collapse, leaving the entire area safely excavated.  The lever can now be removed, and all goodies from an entire mountain can be collected.
 
After a long wait, the entire block of stairs will collapse, leaving the entire area safely excavated.  The lever can now be removed, and all goodies from an entire mountain can be collected.
 
Note that, by exposing the mined tiles to sunlight, they no longer count towards the cap for [[strange mood]]s.
 
 
 
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{{Category|Guides}}
 
{{Category|Guides}}

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