40d:Economics

Production chain for all workshops.
(Click to enlarge)

For the game concept added with the baron, see Dwarven economy.

Overall Economic Flowchart

Each process on the economic flowchart has the following components:

• Inputs (on left) - the process will use up these raw materials.
• Means/Job - either a building where the process is assigned, or (if in italics) a tool which the worker must have to carry out the process. Following the slash is a job title - this job must be enabled on a dwarf or that dwarf will not participate in that level of the economic path.
• Outputs (on right) - These are the goods that are produced by the economic activity in question.

Raw Materials

Walls -> Pick/Mining -> Stone, some of which is also Ore or Flux or Gems or Coal or Lignite

designate -> Mine

Trees -> Battle axe/Wood Cutter -> Wood

d -> Chop Trees)

Walls -> Stone Detailing -> Room Quality

d -> Smooth Stone and d -> Engrave Stone

Stone detailing increases the architectural value of floors and walls so improved. Boulders on the surface can also be smoothed so as to not impede wagon access.

Water -> Fishing -> Raw Fish

i -> Fishing is performed from the bank immediately above and next to a water source. Defining an activity zone is optional.

Wild Animals -> Weapon/Hunting -> Corpses

Dwarves will do this automatically without your input after the labour is enabled. Hunting can be a dangerous task, see the relevant article for details.

Shrubs -> Gather Plants -> Crops

Use d ->p to designate an area in which to gather.

Secondary Products

Only raw materials needed as input. Note that furnaces have a separate submenu from workshops. Kennels and farm plots lack a submenu altogether.

Seed -> Farm plot/Farming(fields) -> Crops

Crops -> Eating -> Seed x 2

Note that muck roots do not have seeds.

Raw Fish -> Fishery/Fish Cleaning -> Fish

Corpse -> Butcher's Shop/Butchery -> Meat (which is Food), Fat, Skin, Bones, Skulls

Stone -> Mason's workshop/Masonry -> Furniture, and Blocks; Querns and Millstones.

Stone -> Craftsdwarf's workshop/Stonecrafting -> Craft, Short Sword

Stone -> Mechanic's workshop/Mechanics -> Mechanism

Wood -> Carpenter's workshop/Carpentry -> Furniture, Blocks, Barrels, Bins, Beds

Wood -> Craftsdwarf's workshop/Woodcrafting -> Craft, Bolts

Wood -> Carpenter's workshop/Trapping -> Animal Trap

Wood -> Bowyer's workshop/Bowyer -> Wooden Crossbow

Wood -> Wood furnace/Wood burning -> Fuel

Wood -> Wood furnace/Wood burning -> Ash

Wood -> Siege Workshop/Siege engineer -> Siege engine parts and ammunition

Other Products

Animal Products

Some Fish -> Eating -> Shell and/or Bone

Wild Animal -> Animal Trap/Trapping -> Captured Animals

Tame Animals -> Kennels/Animal Training -> Trained Animals

Not all animals can be tamed. A Dungeon master is required to tame more exotic creatures.

Captured Animals -> Kennels/Animal Training -> Tame Animals

Only dogs can be trained without modding.

Tame Animal -> Butcher's Shop/Butchery -> Corpse

z-Animals-Ready for Slaughter

u->Select the Animal Unit->Set "Ready for Slaughter" to (Y) if there's a specific animal you want to set for slaughter. Note that pets cannot be slaughtered.

Fat -> Cooking?/Kitchen -> Tallow

Tallow, Lye -> Soaper/Alchemist's laboratory -> Soap

Soap is a valuable trade good. It is not used used to manufacture anything, but can be used for construction.

Skin -> Tanning/Tannery -> Leather

Leather -> Leatherworks/Leatherworking -> Armor, Bags, Backpacks, Clothing, Decoration, Quivers, Waterskins

Bone -> Craftsdwarf's workshop/Bonecarving -> Craft, Bolts, Armor, Decoration

Bone -> Bowyer's workshop/Bowyer -> Bone Crossbow

Shell -> Craftsdwarf's workshop/Bonecarving -> Craft, Decoration, Armor

Skull -> Craftsdwarf's workshop/Bonecarving -> Totem

Metal

The various "Magma" variants all require Magma, and use less refined coal ("fuel") - no refined coal at all if you don't make steel.

The reaction table for which Ores make which metals and/or alloys is complex and beyond the scope of this article. see Ore for details.

Metals often have unique properties and not all are suitable for all purposes, see the article for a given product for details.

Material requirements for individual metal items vary. Detailing the exact material cost for every piece of furniture and equipment is beyond the scope of this article, but it is generally one bar for most items and three bars for armour and furniture.

Ore + Fuel -> Smelter/Smelting -> Metal bars

Ore x ? + Fuel -> Smelter/Smelting -> Various Alloy

Ore -> Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Metal bars

Ore x ? -> Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Various Alloy

Lignite + Fuel -> Smelter/Smelting -> Coke x2

Lignite -> Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Coke x2

Bituminous Coal + Fuel -> Smelter/Smelting -> Coke x3

Bituminous Coal -> Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Coke x3

Iron Bars + Flux + Fuel -> Smelter or Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Pig Iron

Pig Iron + Iron Bars + Flux + Fuel -> Smelter or Magma Smelter/Smelting -> Steel Bars x 2

To stay in steady operation, smelt iron ore twice, then pig iron once, then steel bars once. The four operations together produce 2 steel. Magma halves the fuel cost but does not eliminate it.

Metal Bars + Fuel -> Smelter/Smelting -> Alloy

Making alloys directly from ore whenever possible will save fuel.

Metal Bars + Fuel -> Metalsmith's Forge/Metal crafting or Blacksmithing -> Furniture, Crafts, Coins

Metal, Fuel -> Metalsmith's Forge/Armorsmith -> Armor

Metal, Fuel -> Metalsmith's Forge/Weaponsmith -> Weapon

Metal, Fuel -> Metalsmith's Forge/Trapping -> Animal trap

Metal + Wood -> Siege Workshop/Siege engineer -> Ballista arrowhead

Misc

Empty Bags -> Glass Furnace / Item Hauling -> Sand

You need to assign the collect sand job to a glass furnace, AND designate a sand collection activity zone with i.

Sand -> Glass Furnace / Glassworking -> Raw green glass gems, Furniture, Trap components

Sand + Pearlash -> Glass Furnace / Glassworking -> Raw Clear glass gems, Furniture, Trap components

Rock crystal + Pearlash -> Glass Furnace / Glassworking -> Raw Crystal glass gems, Furniture, Trap components

Barrel, Crops -> Still/Brewing -> Alcohol, Seeds

Seeds, Crops, Meat, Alcohol, Fish, Milk, Cheese, and/or Tallow -> Kitchen/Cooking -> Prepared Meals

All byproducts (seeds, bones, shells, etc.) are destroyed by cooking. Use the z kitchen menu to set which items will be cooked and which will be saved. Dwarves will still eat items that are disabled from cooking to produce byproducts.

Crops -> Farmer's workshop/Threshing -> Thread + Seeds

Thread -> Loom/Weaving -> Cloth

Cloth -> Clothier's shop/Clothesmaking -> Clothing, Bags, Restraints, Decoration

Economic Management

Stockpiles

Due to the way the interface works, the key to maintaining flow in your workshops is to have properly positioned and well-maintained stockpiles.

Clutter has a severe impact on productivity, so minimizing the dwarf-labor required to clear finished goods out of your workshops is key to maintaining their productivity.

It is also important, especially in a mature fortress with a division of labor, to have goods close at hand so that legendary dwarves don't have to walk all over the fortress to get what they need.

One way to achieve this is to locate small stockpiles (3x3 suggested) near the workshop to hold the raw materials needed. By keeping the stockpiles small, less labour will be required to fill them. On the other hand, if they are too small, you risk running out before highly skilled dwarves finish their shifts! Furthermore, if you can make the stockpile larger than the total amount of material, and have a lot of idle hauling labor at the moment, a larger one can be more efficient.

Specific guidelines follow.

Stone

Stone is so abundant that you almost never need large stone stockpiles. If you want your stonecrafters or masons to use a choice variety of stone (such as obsidian), and have plenty of excess hauling labor, place a 3x3 or 4x4 stockpile near to the workshop, and restrict it to only a few high-value varieties of stone.

Flux, Fuel and Ore are covered below.

Flux and Ore

A handy flux stockpile is absolutely key to maintaining efficient throughput in making steel. Steel is very labor intensive to begin with and if your furnace operators have to go a long way to get materials, you're over and done.

On the other hand, if you have any flux at all, it's probably marble and you probably have lots of it.

So a large flux stockpile will divert all hauling labor into filling it up.

Generally speaking, a 3x3 stockpile should be plenty, but keep it absolutely as close to your furnaces as possible.

The same considerations apply with ore and furnace fuel, but larger stockpiles are generally less of a problem, because there aren't 800 units of ore to haul. A skilled furnace operator can smelt direct-use ores *very* quickly, so consider a large stockpile for ore once a high skill level is achieved.

In general, a full time wood burner will produce more Charcoal and more ash than a set of magma furnaces (even making steel) will actually use, so you may want to allow the wood furnace to get cluttered and then shut it off; but you should still build a fuel stockpile.

If you don't have magma you're going to be burning fuel like crazy.

Lumber

Lumber takes a long time to haul down from the surface, so lumber stockpiles should be quite a bit larger, as this can introduce a significant lag in refilling them, you'll want some cushion.

There's also a big labor input issue - either it takes even longer to haul from the surface, or it takes your intermediary dwarf a long time to get the lumber.

In general, I recommend placing your lumber stockpile near the surface, and placing the lumber using workshops or furnaces as nearby as possible.

This means it may take a long time to haul your ashes or charcoal to your forges for use, but that hauling job can be handled by a peasant, while the Wood Burner has to haul the logs into the furnace himself.

Finished Goods

Firstly, life without bins is unlivable. If you have to make them out of metal, I suggest copper or lead. But few start locations are so wood deprived that one log is harder to come by than 3 metal bars. You'll want more bins than you can possibly make, so make as many as you can.

Once you have bins, it becomes much easier to haul finished goods to your trade depot, since the dwarves haul the bin with them. However, goods have to be hauled one at a time from the workshop and then placed in bins. I'm hoping that this is a high priority for change, since it's a major pain in the arse, but there you are. So, your finished goods stockpile should be as close to your workshops as possible, and you should only haul items to the trade depot once they've been placed in bins.

If you have NO local wood source, one way to conserve your precious wood piles is to wait for caravans and buy all their cloth and leather bins. You'll get lots of cloth and leather products, which you should use, freeing up the bins for other uses.

Misc. Products

Refined coal of every kind, as well as Ash, Potash and Soap, are classified and stored as bars.