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This article is about an older version of DF.

xTATTEREDx · +FINE+ · *SUPERIOR* · ≡EXCEPTIONAL≡ · ☼MASTERWORK☼

There are many ways to design the layout of bedrooms. Simplicity, ease of designating, efficiency, and aesthetics are all important factors in designing dwarven housing. The ability to modify the design to enlarge, improve, or add rooms can be important as well. Proximity of the rooms to noise should also be considered.

The simplest approach resolving dwarven sleeping requirements is to have all your dwarves sleep in a large communal dormitory. The smallest bedroom design possible is a corridor with notched spaces for beds.

Players frequently want designs which maximize positive thought and minimize the path distance between a dwarf's food, drink, job and home. This process is further complicated when the dwarven economy kicks in, and a wide range of "room qualities" are needed, and low-budget dwarves are kicked out of any over-priced quarters. To this end, a number of solutions, some surprisingly elegant, have been produced.

Many of the designs shown here were taken from this forum post.

Minimalism[edit]

V · T · E Buildings
	Workshops • Furnaces
Rooms	Barracks • Bedroom • Dining room • Dormitory • Jail • Meeting hall • Hospital • Office • Sculpture garden • Tomb • Zoo
Furniture	Animal trap • Anvil • Armor stand • Bed • Bin • Box • Bucket • Cabinet • Cage • Coffin • Restraint • Seat • Statue • Table • Weapon rack
Access	Door • Floodgate • Bars • Grate • Floor hatch • Bridge • Road • Window
Constructions	Fortification • Floor • Stairs • Ramp • Wall
Machine & Trap parts	Axle • Gear assembly • Millstone • Screw pump • Water wheel • Windmill • Lever • Pressure plate • Trap • Support
Other Buildings	Archery target • Kennel • Shop • Siege engine • Trade depot • Wagon • Well
Related Articles	Design strategies • Bedroom design • Cave-in • Computing • Furniture industry

Sometimes, simpler is better... not always, but sometimes...

1x1 bed only, no walls[edit]

By far the most minimal design is to take a bed, place it anywhere you want, then set it as a 1x1 room. This bed 'room' can be assigned to a dwarf early on, or rented once the economy kicks in, and will at least serve the bare minimum purpose of avoiding unhappy thoughts from the lack of a room. It will not, of course, leave the dwarves with any space to store any possessions at all -- but with the economy active, it will also have an absolute minimal rent, which makes it worth having a few such rooms set up. And, of course, it requires the absolute minimum work to set up; all you need is existing empty space, preferably with no noise nearby, and a bed to place in it.

An additional refinement is to expand the room area of each bed to 3x3, deliberately causing them to overlap. This lowers the value of each bed, which in turn lowers the rent and provides some low-rent housing for impoverished dwarves to stay -- it can drop as low as 7 coins depending on the arrangement.

Alternatively if you are building compact merely to save space or improve framerate, a 1x1 bedroom on a smoothed, engraved floor can have quite a high room value, particularly if the beds are packed into a mined out vein of valuable metal or gemstones.

Communal dormitory[edit]

The simplest form of dwarven housing. Stick a bunch of beds in a room, designate a dormitory from one of them (do not assign the bed to anyone), and voilà, instant flophouse. On maps with no trees, this is pretty much your only option for sleeping quarters before breaching a cavern or importing large amounts of wood. (Dwarves will sleep on the floor of the dormitory if no beds are available, which at least keeps them from sleeping in the wilderness.)

This setup only causes a single negative thought ("slept without a proper room recently"), although you miss out the benefit of the happy thoughts generated by personally-owned furniture. However, as long as you compensate by offering your dwarves high-quality food, alcohol, an expansive dining room, and other luxuries, your dwarves will remain happy enough to be productive throughout the life of a fortress. (You may still wish to give nobles their own rooms, however; they tend to get upset when their requirements are not met)

More than one dormitory can be built in a fortress; if they do not own their own bedroom, dwarves will gravitate to the nearest empty bed when it is time for them to sleep.^[Verify]

Plain square design[edit]

If it is 2×2, 3×3 or more, square designs are probably the first choice of many players. Easy to plan, easy to put in place, this kind of design is one of the best when the player values his playing time instead of the overall layout of his fortress. While square designs are easy to reproduce en masse, most are not optimized either for beauty or space efficiency, two aspects that other designs excel at.

Line design[edit]

Line design, laid out (left) and finished (right)

Line designs have the advantage of being very space efficient and very adaptative. From 1×1 to 1×4 and longer, it can fit almost anywhere, can be upgraded later on as long as you have the space behind your first original line and do not need excessive corridor space for the bedroom access. Simply dig a few lines out of an access tunnel already in use in your fortress and voilà, you have new living quarters. This kind of minimalistic design is perfect for when the economy kicks in, as it can be adapted in a flash for any kind of low wage citizen.

Decentralized living[edit]

In larger fortresses, one of the bigger problems is traffic. Dwarves have a tendency to all get hungry, thirsty, and tired in waves, and a crowd of 50 of them storming your centralized food stockpiles, one big dining room, and dormitory tunnels can cause a lot of lost time while the hordes shuffle by each other. A good solution to this is decentralized architecture, incorporating most of the essentials of every day life into numerous smaller areas. This isn't to suggest that you shouldn't have a legendary dining hall set as a meeting area, capable of holding half your fortress at once. You definitely should! But decentralizing from that dining hall relieves a lot of congestion in the halls surrounding the main dining hall, and makes it easier for dwarves just to pass through.

In this image, the access stairwell (blue fields in the center), spread out in all directions to a public dormitory and dining room for poorer dwarves on the left/right and to 3x3 private rooms on the top/bottom. The design allows for two small stockpiles of food (gray fields) to minimize the walk to a dining hall.

There are also built-in areas for impressive things like statues and cages (for zoos) to keep dwarves admiring your handiwork. The 3x3 rooms are easy to get up to decent or higher to keep your most useful dwarves happy as clams. They're also convenient for impromptu noble housing, since you can just knock out a wall between two rooms and convert one into a dining room for a whiny noble. You could even expand the corner rooms a bit more on both the X and Y axes to make four 3x3 rooms to give the noble a dining room, tomb, and office all in one area. This is especially useful for the mayor, who gets replaced every so often. When a new Mayor is elected, one can reassign all the trappings to the new mayor in one go. If you want an even more decentralized and calm traffic pattern, put tables and chairs in all the private rooms; dwarves will prefer to eat in their quarters. The walls between the doors leading to the dormitory and Dining Room allow for 2 entrances and 2 exits to each predictably higher-traffic room while leaving a pillar of rock for an engraving. The main corridor also allows you to branch off into 4 restraints per floor in a private 1x2 prison. Since it's flanked by an animal cage and a statue (or alternatively, 2 statues. This may be better because Statues block movement and it's effectively the same as surrounding the prisoner with walls). Additionally, in an area you want smoothed and engraved to begin with, it gives prisoners a leg upon their happiness immediately and -- once again -- prevents traffic jams from convicts being brought food and water in larger prisons.

Another option for maximizing traffic throughput is to put a 1x3 line of upward stairwells on one end of the blue field, and a 1x3 line of downward stairwells on the other. This simulates a 3-wide vertical corridor without the safety risks of up/down stairwells.

You may also, at your discretion, knock out the statues and cages near the stairwell to make the entire plan a little more compact (though you lose the easy prisons in this case). This plan can stretch on the x axis as much as you like, but note that the 1 wide corridors leading to individual rooms can get crowded if more than 10 dwarves are living along each one. Even with the given layout, though, one floor supports 26 private rooms and as many as 14 public beds. This works out quite nicely since one floor is enough to handle most immigrant waves, while existing floors' public beds can handle a decent amount of overflow. The public dormitory rooms can also be converted into prisons very easily (just put chains next to every bed) if you decide not to go with the main design.

High density single floor housing[edit]

This is the 61x61 housing plan

This fractal-inspired design combines space efficiency with wider access hallways to alleviate traffic. Stairs are placed in the middle, and the design can expand indefinitely. To decrease the size, remove the outermost perimeter hallway, and all connected bedrooms. To increase the size, use the picture as a guide and follow the same radial pattern.

Size	Capacity	Max walk distance from center
29x29 tiles	48 dwarves	23 steps
45x45 tiles	120 dwarves	39 steps
61x61 tiles	224 dwarves	55 steps
77x77 tiles	360 dwarves	71 steps

High density,single floor, quick housing[edit]

This is a 35x35 housing plan

This design is nice in that it is very quick to lay since using shift to move the cursor moves in steps of 11 tiles. Additionally the rooms made this way can be used even after the economy activates since it is very easy to increase or decrease their value. Each 1-tile wide walkway is shared by 10 dwarves reducing congestion and each room can fit a bed, a chest and a cabinet leaving 1 free space for any miscellaneous items such as a statue for legendary dwarves, the free space is in the back of the room for the reason that it allows you to place blocking items that cannot be moved over there without sealing your dwarves in/out.

High density, multi-level[edit]

Optimizing space, minimizing walking distance, these are good things... for some...

Magical Three-way Doors[edit]

The main point of this design is that it squeezes six bedrooms in a space of six by seven squares. It's meant to be built across several Z-levels, making it take up a minimal amount of practical space. It can be easily mirrored, although that requires a wider corridor (or the use of four bedrooms instead of six on the other side).

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Sandwich[edit]

A design to move bedrooms vertically spread across many unused Z levels easily. The rooms can be preferentially scaled up or down depending on needs. If space is reserved serves well for expansion of each bedroom as suitable.

The sandwich basically consists of a three tile wide hallway or wider. Up/Down Stairways are evenly distributed in increments which lead to one or more bedrooms as needed. Hatches can be used between the individual bedrooms as vertical doors.

L	e	v	e	l		-	1						¦		L	e	v	e	l		0						¦			L	e	v	e	l		1
+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	¦														¦	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+
¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	¦														¦	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦
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¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	¦														¦	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦	B	.	¦
+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	¦														¦	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

The bedroom design can be copied several times further up and down starting from Level 1 or -1 to exploit available space in neighbouring Z levels. The design is excellent as the space surrounding the hallway can be used for directly tying to the dining/meeting hall.

6-room clusters[edit]

6-room clusters (click to enlarge)

This one is quite dense. There are six bedroom clusters. They can be built close to each other.

There are 7 6-room clusters here. If 5 Z-Levels of this are built, that's 5*7*6=210, which is plenty for most any fortress.

Living Pods (Residential Flats)[edit]

This design is compact and allows for a large number of rooms. Each room has 3 tiles plus a door. To add to the complex build an apartment level one level above or below the lobby - the stairs allow direct access. The design can be stretched to make the rooms 3x2 or 3x3, or to allow more rooms per floor, depending on your preference. Though not as visually impressive as the fractal patterns it is very efficient in that it can allow for large numbers of dwarves to easily access the main hallway. The pods are very quick to deploy as the interior (mined out) width of the pods exactly equals one Shift+move of the cursor. Highlight a full square with a horizontal shift+move then a vertical. Then unmark the 3 internal walls in both horizontal and vertical directions (each also 1 shift+move distance long), and finally mark in the four staircases. Sixteen bedrooms with extremely efficient pathing laid out in as many seconds.

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Pod variant[edit]

This is an example of varying the above to suit personal taste. Three significant changes have been made:

1) 2 pair of vertical access stairs feed upward, instead of one horizontal hallway.

2) The entire design has been expanded (to 15x15, vs 13x13 above), but rooms have not been expanded to fill all available space - not yet. That will be done if/as need arises, and many of the 3-tile rooms can become 5- or 7-tile¹, or two joined together to become 12-tile suites².

3) Allow for a central waterfall with drain system*.

Upper Apartment Level(s*):    Lobby Level:           Lower Apartment Level(s*):
+-----+ +-----+              +-----+ +-----+              +-----+ +-----+
¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦
¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦
¦-¦X¦-¦ ¦-¦X¦-¦              ¦-¦X¦-----¦X¦-¦              ¦-¦X¦-----¦X¦-¦
¦.+¦+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+¦+.OOO.+-+.¦              ¦.+¦+..¦..+-+.¦
¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦.......¦..¦              ¦..¦.+---+.¦..¦
+--+-------+--+              +--¦..###..¦--+              +--¦.¦~~~¦.¦--+
   ¦XX#~#XX¦                    ¦<<#~#<<¦                    ¦-¦~¦~¦-¦ 
+--+-------+--+              +--¦..###..¦--+              +--¦.¦~~~¦.¦--+ 
¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦.......¦..¦              ¦..¦.+---+.¦..¦
¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+.OOO.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+..¦..+-+.¦
¦-¦X¦-¦ ¦-¦X¦-¦              ¦-¦X¦-----¦X¦-¦              ¦-¦X¦-----¦X¦-¦
¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦              ¦.+-+.¦ ¦.+-+.¦
¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦              ¦..¦..¦ ¦..¦..¦
+-----+ +-----+              +-----+ +-----+              +-----+ +-----+

Legend:

X = up/down stair

< = up stair

~ = flowing water, in waterfall and drain

# = grate or floor bars over drain

¦ = solid block at base of waterfall

O = statues (though a zoo or booze stockpiles could work as well)

Notes:

1) Expanding out one more tile can create size 5-11 rooms, or size 19 if two are connected.

2) A size 15 room is ample for any noble, with the possible exception of a king/queen.

* The floor plan for the waterfall/drain system may vary from floor to floor, and by personal taste. Eventually it can be routed off and out one side, and the full interior area of all levels below that reserved for apartments.

(Note - It's easy to flood an area with a waterfall such as this - be sure you are familiar with the technique before risking an entire dormitory (or the lower parts, at least) on it.)

Greek Cross design[edit]

48 tile design

Minimizing walking distances requires good use of vertical space. This plan is simple, scalable, and only takes up a few floors - 6 if you have 32 per floor, 4 if you have 48. The maximum walking distance should be less than 20 (walking up/down stairs counts as one distance.).

32 tile design

Shaft design[edit]

Shaft bedroom design with a few possible variations.

The Shaft design allows various options for entry direction and central "shaft" use. The central shaft may be altered to create dining rooms and offices for minor nobles, "deluxe" bedrooms, hospital beds, or simply more bedrooms. The design can easily accommodate several different room sizes while maintaining efficiency. However, the design utilizes Z-levels for efficiency, and you must build several levels of Shaft designs to accommodate a fully grown fortress.

The Shaft design can fit 20 2x2 rooms, or 30 1x1 rooms.

Tileable shaft design[edit]

The tileable shaft design is a further expansion of the general shaft design above, coming in somewhere between the simple geometric designs and the vastly more complex fractal designs. These are designs that can be symmetrically tiled, that means concatenated in all six directions and are thus suited both for manual design as well as macro-automation. They allow the user to extend the same pattern over very large areas and to easily extend the available space per room up to a given size by tearing down just a few walls. Additionally, they can be suited for bedrooms as well as work and storage.

Tileable shaft design with a few possible variations.

The downsides are that they're not especially optimized for walking distance or large hallways, and the necessity of the main access shaft on the z-level (stairs) having to be in the central-most tile (marked red in the examples) to allow z-level stacking.

Modified Windmill Villas[edit]

This is the most efficient method I have seen, and it keeps the central stair case as well.

(Calculations use 8 levels)

Dwarves per level = 28
Levels needed for 200 = 7.1
Max distance (including Z) = 15
Average distance = 10.2
Average distance per level = 5.4

Repeating patterns & fractals[edit]

Art for art's sake... and if it's functional, so much the better...

Tessellated Apartments[edit]

Access can be from above and/or below by the stairs, or a hallway can be run into the dining room level by removing the bedroom at one of the cardinal points. This design can be repeated as far as desired in the X, Y, and Z directions.

Noble Hive Pods[edit]

A geometric pattern for Noble housing trying for interesting aesthetics and high mobility. The basic tiling pattern is shown on the left; one possible way to join them, involving surrounding corridors and a central staircase and a jillion doors, on the right.

Fractal designs[edit]

Betting on design beauty and on geometrical symmetry first, fractal designs can also be, at the same time, very space and walk efficient. They however require a lot of time and space both to plan and execute and are most likely out of reach of all but the most serious players. Fortunately, most of the designs displayed below would be avoided by the most serious players, due to their lack of serious Z-level access and incongruity with almost any general access plan. Most players however agree that they are the most incredible of all the designs around, if not for the sheer challenge of successfully executing something as complex, as for the extra touch it gives to the fortress as a whole once it is done.

$4bh0r53n h-fractal.jpg$

More fractal bedroom designs based upon the H-Tree (pictured above) can be found at this user page.

Fractal modified for 3d[edit]

This was created by palin88 from Bay12Games forum in order to make a three-dimensional version of Raynard's Fractal Design.

Placing furniture faster[edit]

If you've chosen a vertically or horizontally repetitive design, you can use keyboard macros to quickly place all the furniture your dwarves need.

v0.31:Bedroom design

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