40d:Labor

A dwarf's labor preferences define the tasks that he or she will do, whether it is hauling, mining, farming, hunting, craftsworking, erecting buildings, or any of dozens of other tasks. For instance, a dwarf with the wood cutting labor enabled will cut down trees whenever trees are designated to be cut.

To change a dwarf's labor preferences, view the dwarf, then select preferences and labor.

The mining and wood cutting labors require the dwarf to pick up and wield a pick or battleaxe, respectively. For this reason, a dwarf cannot be assigned to both mining and woodcutting at the same time.

Note that a labor is not a job. A job is the actual task of doing something, while a labor preference is simply whether a dwarf is allowed do the job or not. You can view a list of all current, queued, and suspended jobs on the jobs menu. A list of what job each dwarf is currently performing is visible on the units menu.

Default labors

All new arrivals at the fortress (including your initial seven dwarves) will have all the hauling jobs turned on by default, as well as several other labors if they have a specific profession. The additional default labors for each profession are:

(Note: this is slightly incomplete/out of date)

Profession	Labors
All professions (including Peasant)	Health Care Stone Hauling Wood Hauling Item Hauling Burial Food Hauling Refuse Hauling Furniture Hauling Animal Hauling Cleaning
Miner	Mining
Woodworker	Wood Cutting Carpentry Crossbow-making
Stoneworker	Masonry Stone Detailing
Ranger	Animal Training Animal Care Hunting Trapping Small animal dissection
Metalsmith	Furnace Operating Metalsmithing Armoring Weaponsmithing Metalcrafting
Jeweler	Jeweling
Craftsdwarf	Leatherworking Bone carver Stone crafter Wood crafter Glassmaking Weaving Clothesmaking
Fisherdwarf	Fish Cleaning Fishing
Farmer	Butchery Tanning Farming (Fields) Dyeing Soap Maker Ashery Operating Milling Brewing Farming (Workshop) Plant Gathering Cooking
Engineer	Siege Engineering Mechanics Pump operator Siege Operating

Labors and skills

Each labor may have several sub-skills associated with it, and may be needed to perform a variety of different tasks. The following is a list of labors, their associated skills, and where those tasks will be performed:

Labor	Associated skills	Associated buildings
Mining	Miner	designated walls, ore veins, or gem clusters build channels
Wood Cutting	Wood Cutter	designated trees
Carpentry	Carpenter	Carpenter's Workshop
Masonry	Mason	Mason's Workshop stone and glass structure construction (bridges, etc.)
Stone Detailing	Engraver	designated walls or floors
Animal Training	Animal Trainer	Kennels
Animal Care	Animal Caretaker	any wounded tame animal
Health Care	no skill	any wounded dwarf
Fish Cleaning	Fish Cleaner Fish Dissector	Fishery
Butchery	Butcher Animal Dissector	Butcher's Shop
Leatherworking	Leatherworker	Leather Works
Tanning	Tanner	Tannery
Farming (Fields)	Grower	Farm Plot
Fishing	Fisherdwarf	any river/pond
Alchemy	Alchemist Soaper	Alchemist's Laboratory
Furnace Operating	Wood Burner Furnace Operator	Wood Furnace Smelter Magma Smelter Kiln Magma Kiln
Wood Burning	Wood Burner Furnace Operator	Wood Furnace
Ashery Operating	Lye Maker Potash Maker	Ashery
Metalsmithing	Metal Crafter Metalsmith Armorsmith Weaponsmith	Metalsmith's Forge Magma Forge metal structure construction
Jeweling	Jeweler Gem Cutter	Jeweler's Workshop
Craftsworking	Bone Carver Stone Crafter Wood Crafter	Craftsdwarf's Workshop
Glassmaking	Glassmaker	Glass Furnace Magma Glass Furnace
Siege Engineering	Engineer	Siege Workshop
Siege Operating	Operator	Ballista or Catapult
Mechanics	Mechanic	Mechanic's Workshop
Crossbow-making	Bowyer	Bowyer's Workshop
Weaving	Weaver	Loom
Clothesmaking	Clothes Maker	Clothier's shop
Milling	Miller	Mill
Hunting	selected weapon skill (usually Marksdwarf or Wrestler) Ambusher	outdoors
Brewing	Brewer	Still
Plant Gathering	Herbalist	designated shrubs
Farming (Workshop)	Milker Cheese Maker Thresher	Farmer's Workshop
Cooking	Cook	Kitchen
Trapping	Trapper	outdoors or indoors
Stone Hauling	no skill
Wood Hauling	no skill
Item Hauling	no skill
Burial	no skill
Food Hauling	no skill
Refuse Hauling	no skill
Furniture Hauling	no skill
Animal Hauling	no skill
Cleaning	no skill	blood/ichor/vomit
Architecture	Building Designer	road construction bridge construction furnace construction well construction
Adamantine Extraction	Strand Extractor	Craftsdwarf's Workshop

Other professions

Soldiers

Soldiers (including those in the Royal Guard and Fortress Guard) will not work at all: they will either stand at their station (if on duty) or, if standing down, wander around a lot, usually spending a lot of time sparring in the barracks (if you have built any) or shooting at archery targets (if they are armed with a crossbow). Some soldiers will grow progressively unhappier if they remain on duty for too long.

On rare occasion, you may spot a soldier doing a "Store item in stockpile" task. This can occur after the soldier has taken a drink; if the barrel they drank from wasn't on the correct stockpile (or perhaps any stockpile), they will haul it to the appropriate stockpile before setting it down. Nobles and children will also haul barrels in this manner.

Noble endeavors and child labor

Nobles and children cannot be assigned any labors, although there are a small number of jobs they will do. These jobs may be performed by any available dwarf (except soldiers), although nobles and children are usually idle, so they often do take them before other dwarves do:

• Harvest Plants (if you have "All Dwarves Harvest" set on the orders menu)
• Pull a Lever
• Move Item to Trade Depot
• Move Item to Shop
• Confine animals to (or release them from) cages/restraints
• Clean Trap (when a weapon trap has a creature stuck in it)
• Fill a Pond
• Remove Construction (walls, floors, stairs, etc.)
• Trade at Depot (if set to "all dwarves can trade")
• Masonry

Periodically enabling "All Dwarves Harvest" for a few seconds (if you normally keep it disabled) is a good way to put nobles to work, especially when you have a backlog of unharvested crops which are threatening to wither.

Get back to work

On Break

Often dwarves will not work at all. They must periodically sleep, eat, and drink, and will sometimes go "On Break". If you do not supply them with alcohol, they will go on break far more often.

Attend Party

If you have built any statue gardens, meeting halls, or zoos, dwarves may occasionally "Attend Party" and meet with other partygoing dwarves in these rooms. Whether this is done in place of being "On Break" is not known. Regardless, a party can be ended by "free"-ing the room at the Set Building Tasks screen (q); The dwarves are reset to "No Job" and resume work.

No Job

If dwarves are listed as having "No Job", they may be "between jobs", and will start a new task within a few seconds, or they may be lacking the right labor preferences to perform any available task. Tasks themselves may be held up by various things, including:

• Job-related materials are unavailable or unreachable (this is usually announced)
• One or another material is set to be "ignored" on the orders screen
• A backlog of unperformed hauling tasks, causing all items to be inaccessible
• All relevant jobs being in suspended status; suspended jobs must always be restarted manually

If a dwarf is reported as having no job in an otherwise busy fortress, it may be stuck somewhere (for example, behind a floodgate or washed down the river).

Other non-productive tasks

Dwarves will also periodically do a variety of other less than productive tasks.

• "Check Chest" jobs are generated when there is a container or cabinet installed in an unassigned room.
• "Pickup Equipment" is tasked whenever they are exchanging worn-out clothing for new items, have been assigned new weapons or armor (or weapons they previously were assigned finally become available) or need a pick or battle axe for mining and wood cutting jobs.
• "Store Owned Item" occurs when dwarves have both an object they own (such as coins or discarded shoes) and a room to store it in.
• "Go Shopping" occurs when a dwarf needs a new piece of clothing post economy. Sometimes they will also just feel like buying a new trinket. Requires a shop.

Strange mood

Dwarves may spontaneously go into strange moods. Dwarves may become Melancholy, Berserk, or Insane. This is usually the outcome of a "failed" strange mood, and is never curable.

Tantrum

Very Unhappy or Miserable dwarves will often tantrum. This can be caused by the destruction of one of a dwarf's masterpieces or artifacts.

Rest (from injury)

Severely injured dwarves (with 'red' or 'yellow' injuries) will usually go to their beds to "Rest", where they will stay until their wounds recover. However, if their wounds are causing them pain or otherwise preventing them from sleeping, they may show "No Job", or sometimes they will get out of bed and tantrum instead. Dwarves with the Health Care labor turned on will bring them water in a bucket to keep them from dehydrating and food to keep them from starvation.

Other oddities

• Pickup Equipment -- applies to soldiers or hunters changing weapons, or into a different armor level, or to pick up waterskins, backpacks, or quivers; also applies to miners and woodcutters picking up picks/axes.
• Constructing roads (once designed) -- I had an idle dwarf with "Farming (Fields)" and no other labors. When I added "Cleaning", he walked off to build a road. It's not clear which dwarves will build roads and which won't.