Steel

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Steel

÷ Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω ÷ ≡ ≡ = = ≡ ≡ Ω ≡ ≡ ≡ = ≡ ≡ Ω ≡ ≡ = = ≡ ≡ Ω ≡ ≡ ≡ = ≡ ≡ Ω • • = = ≡ ≡ Ω • • • = ≡ ≡ Ω ÷ Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω ÷
Uses
Melee Weapons Crossbows Bolts Picks Armor Anvil Metal crafting Construction
Graphic
No graphic.
Recipe
1 iron bar 1 pig iron bar 1 flux stone 1 coal bar
Properties
Material value 30 Fire-safe Magma-safe Melting point 12718 °U Boiling point 14968 °U Ignition point none Solid density 7850 Liquid density 6980 Specific heat 500
Wikipedia article

v50.14 · v0.47.05 This article is about the current version of DF. Note that some content may still need to be updated. More Info · V

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon (refined coal), made at a smelter. It is the best common metal for smithing most weapons and armor. Steel also has the third highest value of all metals, tied with that of gold.

Steel can be created at a smelter by a dwarf with the furnace operator labor activated.

Sedimentary Layers

To smelt steel, you will need iron bars, flux stone, and fuel. Flux is used to remove impurities, including carbon, during the smelting process, while fuel (charcoal or coke) removes oxygen and puts back in a small amount of carbon. The end result is steel: iron with just the right amount of carbon in it. The three ores of iron (hematite, magnetite, and limonite) can only be found in sedimentary layers, with the exception of hematite, which can occasionally be found in igneous extrusive layers. Furthermore, four of the five flux stones (calcite, chalk, dolomite, and limestone) are found only in sedimentary layers, as well as both coal ores (bituminous coal and lignite).

If you have no sedimentary layers at your fortress site, your only hope to make steel is with:

• hematite from igneous extrusive layers, or iron ore imported from trade caravans, or melting iron items brought by siegers (goblinite) and caravans
• marble from metamorphic layers, or imported flux
• charcoal from wood, or coke from imported bituminous coal or lignite

If you embark in a forest biome, you can produce thousands of units of wood from the surface trees alone, without even tapping into the caverns. Charcoal requires more labor per unit than coke, but is often easier to acquire.

Note that bituminous coal and lignite, like most stones, costs only 3☼ at embark or from caravans. With a cunning enough starting build, it is possible to embark with enough coal boulders to produce several hundred units of coke. This is only possible if your parent civilization has access to coal; otherwise, it will not be available at all.

Recipe

Steel production is fairly complex compared to the creation of other alloys. Important note: in steelmaking, coke or charcoal is also used as an ingredient, apart from its use as fuel. A conventional (non-magma) smelter will require an additional unit of fuel in each reaction.

The first step is to create pig iron:

• 1 bar of iron
• 1 flux stone
• 1 unit of fuel (as a source of carbon)
• 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge)

Produces:

• 1 bar of pig iron

A steel short sword.

The second step combines the pig iron with plain iron to produce steel:

• 1 bar of iron
• 1 bar of pig iron
• 1 flux stone
• 1 unit of fuel (as a source of carbon)
• 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge)

Produces:

• 2 bars of steel

The overall reaction consumes 2 bars of iron, 2 units of flux, and 2 units of fuel as ingredients (plus an extra 2 fuel at a conventional smelter for heating). This produces 2 bars of steel.

Remember that smelting iron ore also requires 1 unit of fuel at a conventional smelter, producing 4 bars of iron, which translates to half a unit of additional fuel used in the recipe above (although you will need a full unit up front.)

To go from raw materials to finished products (assuming 1 bar per crafted item) at a conventional forge, a ratio of 8 iron bearing ore: 32 flux stone: 13 bituminous coal (or 26 lignite or 104 logs) will have no leftover raw material and will yield 32 single-bar steel items. This is assuming, of course, that your dwarves can time travel and use the last remaining piece of coke to fire the first bituminous coal.

"Steel" in other Languages Dwarven: deler Elven: inire Goblin: zodsto Human: kadest

Raws

[INORGANIC:STEEL] [USE_MATERIAL_TEMPLATE:METAL_TEMPLATE] [STATE_NAME_ADJ:ALL_SOLID:steel] [STATE_NAME_ADJ:LIQUID:molten steel] [STATE_NAME_ADJ:GAS:boiling steel] [DISPLAY_COLOR:0:7:1] [BUILD_COLOR:0:7:1] [MATERIAL_VALUE:30] [SPEC_HEAT:500] [MELTING_POINT:12718] [BOILING_POINT:14968] [ITEMS_WEAPON][ITEMS_WEAPON_RANGED][ITEMS_AMMO][ITEMS_DIGGER][ITEMS_ARMOR][ITEMS_ANVIL] [SOLID_DENSITY:7850] [LIQUID_DENSITY:6980] [MOLAR_MASS:55845] [IMPACT_YIELD:1505000] [IMPACT_FRACTURE:2520000] [IMPACT_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:940] [COMPRESSIVE_YIELD:1505000] [COMPRESSIVE_FRACTURE:2520000] [COMPRESSIVE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:940] 160 [TENSILE_YIELD:430000] [TENSILE_FRACTURE:720000] [TENSILE_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:225] 200 [TORSION_YIELD:430000] [TORSION_FRACTURE:720000] [TORSION_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:215] [SHEAR_YIELD:430000] [SHEAR_FRACTURE:720000] [SHEAR_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:215] no data, used 200 [BENDING_YIELD:430000] [BENDING_FRACTURE:720000] [BENDING_STRAIN_AT_YIELD:215] [MAX_EDGE:10000] [ITEMS_HARD] [ITEMS_METAL] [ITEMS_BARRED] [ITEMS_SCALED] [STATE_COLOR:ALL_SOLID:BLUE-GRAY]

V · T · E Metals
Base	Aluminum • Bismuth • Copper • Gold • Iron • Lead • Nickel • Platinum • Silver • Tin • Zinc
Alloys	Billon • Bismuth bronze • Black bronze • Brass • Bronze • Electrum • Fine pewter • Lay pewter • Nickel silver • Pig iron • Rose gold • Steel • Sterling silver • Trifle pewter
Special	Adamantine • Divine metals