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Difference between revisions of "Language"

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There are four '''languages''' in Dwarf Fortress:
+
{{Quality|Superior}}
 +
 
 +
There are six '''languages''' in ''Dwarf Fortress'':
 +
{{TOC right}}
 +
* [[Divine language]]
 
* [[Dwarven language]]
 
* [[Dwarven language]]
* [[Elvish language]]
+
* [[Elven language]]
 
* [[Goblin language]]
 
* [[Goblin language]]
 
* [[Human language]]
 
* [[Human language]]
 +
* [[Kobold language]]
 +
 +
==Vocabulary==
 +
There are 3,301 words (1,738 nouns, 698 verbs, 849 adjectives, and 16 prefixes) if you count each class of the same word as a different word (for example, counting the noun "jump" as a different word than "jump" the verb).
 +
 +
They are sorted into 2,196 root words in the game's language files. For instance, the noun "age" and the verb "to age" are under the same root word AGE.
  
 +
===Nouns===
 +
[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vQB4RnwqjfLNhZ3Zq6RbNZpU3y5yWMOTPKTXeP6DFC80PmY47REqXrWosFpPoGvBUiTDIN4EYPmmkIm/pubhtml Google spreadsheet of this noun table.]
 +
{{Noun dictionary}}
  
__TOC__
+
===Adjectives===
 +
{{Adjective dictionary}}
  
==Dictionary==
+
===Verbs===
Here is a dictionary for all languages:
+
{{Verb dictionary}}
{{Language table}}
+
 
 +
===Prefixes===
 +
{{Prefix dictionary}}
  
 
==Alphabet comparison==
 
==Alphabet comparison==
Line 71: Line 87:
 
|A||À||Á||Â||Ä||Å||B||C|| ||D||E||È||É||Ê||Ë||F||G||H||I||Ì||Í||Î||Ï|| ||K||L||M||N|| ||O||Ò||Ó||Ô||Ö|| || ||R||S||T||U||Ù||Ú||Û||V|| || || || ||Z||40
 
|A||À||Á||Â||Ä||Å||B||C|| ||D||E||È||É||Ê||Ë||F||G||H||I||Ì||Í||Î||Ï|| ||K||L||M||N|| ||O||Ò||Ó||Ô||Ö|| || ||R||S||T||U||Ù||Ú||Û||V|| || || || ||Z||40
 
|-
 
|-
![[Elvish language|Elvish]]
+
![[Elven language|Elven]]
 
|A|| || || || || ||B||C||Ç||D||E||È||É|| || ||F||G||H||I||Ì||Í|| || || ||K||L||M||N|| ||O||Ò||Ó|| || ||P||Q||R||S||T||U||Ù||Ú|| ||V||W|| ||Y||Ÿ||Z||34
 
|A|| || || || || ||B||C||Ç||D||E||È||É|| || ||F||G||H||I||Ì||Í|| || || ||K||L||M||N|| ||O||Ò||Ó|| || ||P||Q||R||S||T||U||Ù||Ú|| ||V||W|| ||Y||Ÿ||Z||34
 
|-
 
|-
Line 79: Line 95:
 
![[Human language|Human]]
 
![[Human language|Human]]
 
|A|| ||Á|| || || ||B||C|| ||D||E|| || || || ||F||G||H||I|| || || || ||J||K||L||M||N||Ñ||O|| || || || ||P||Q||R||S||T||U|| || || ||V||W||X|| || ||Z||27
 
|A|| ||Á|| || || ||B||C|| ||D||E|| || || || ||F||G||H||I|| || || || ||J||K||L||M||N||Ñ||O|| || || || ||P||Q||R||S||T||U|| || || ||V||W||X|| || ||Z||27
 +
|-
 +
![[Kobold language|Kobold]]
 +
|A|| || || || || ||B||C|| ||D||E|| || || || ||F||G||H||I|| || || || ||J||K||L||M||N|| ||O|| || || || ||P|| ||R||S||T||U|| || || || || || ||Y|| || ||21
 
|-
 
|-
 
!#
 
!#
|4||1||2||2||2||2||4||3||1||4||4||2||2||2||2||3||4||4||3||2||2||1||1||1||4||4||4||4||1||4||2||2||2||2||3||2||4||4||4||4||2||2||2||3||2||2||1||1||4
+
|5||1||2||2||2||2||5||3||1||5||5||2||2||2||2||4||5||5||4||2||2||1||1||2||5||5||5||5||1||5||2||2||2||2||4||2||5||5||5||5||2||2||2||3||2||2||2||1||4
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Vocabulary comparison==
 
==Vocabulary comparison==
===Dwarven and Goblin===
+
See [[Language - Vocabulary comparison]]
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
!Word !!Dwarven!! Goblin
 
|-
 
|ad ||SUN ||HEARTH
 
|-
 
|ag ||DAUB ||POT
 
|-
 
|al ||PINNACLE ||STOP
 
|-
 
|am ||OPEN ||SMITH
 
|-
 
|an ||MEDITATION ||CAD
 
|-
 
|ar ||FLESH ||SKIRT (clothing)
 
|-
 
|ast ||SABRE ||BUCKLE
 
|-
 
|äs ||CAVE ||FRAY
 
|-
 
|bem ||FLUTE ||WERE
 
|-
 
|ber ||EARTH ||BARBARITY
 
|-
 
|bor ||CHUNK ||BALD
 
|-
 
|bul ||LARD ||SLOP
 
|-
 
|dum ||MOUTH ||OLIVE
 
|-
 
|eb ||SUCK ||PASTIME
 
|-
 
|ed ||EARLY ||STUNTED
 
|-
 
|em ||EAST ||JACKAL
 
|-
 
|er ||FAT ||CLOSE
 
|-
 
|es ||CLEAR ||REWARD
 
|-
 
|et ||LATE ||TRIFLE
 
|-
 
|gan ||DISH ||CLUB
 
|-
 
|gor ||PIT ||SLY
 
|-
 
|guz ||SIMPLE ||COMEDY
 
|-
 
|kast ||GENIUS ||GARNISH
 
|-
 
|keng ||STEAM ||PLAIN
 
|-
 
|kob ||SPOON ||FRIGID
 
|-
 
|kod ||BLOT ||KNIGHT
 
|-
 
|kun ||CAT ||DRUM
 
|-
 
|lam ||STONE ||MONKEY
 
|-
 
|laz ||SCALE (verb) ||DEARTH
 
|-
 
|lod ||ONE ||SOAK
 
|-
 
|mot ||STRANGE ||FUR
 
|-
 
|ner ||LAKE ||MULE
 
|-
 
|nog ||FOOT ||PRIDE
 
|-
 
|nol ||TONGUE ||AURA
 
|-
 
|nug ||CAD ||GULF (pit)
 
|-
 
|num ||WIND (storm) ||IMPUNITY
 
|-
 
|ob ||TAR ||FRAME
 
|-
 
|od ||LIMB ||INCONSIDERATE
 
|-
 
|odom ||BASIN ||SLAP
 
|-
 
|og ||CLUB ||PLAIN (adj.)
 
|-
 
|ol ||MUD ||KEEPER
 
|-
 
|om ||CLUTTER ||BURST
 
|-
 
|ong ||RANK ||GLIMMER
 
|-
 
|or ||LARGE ||EVERLASTING
 
|-
 
|os ||LIE ||DEATH
 
|-
 
|ost ||FOLD ||ARROW
 
|-
 
|ôm ||CRUSH ||RAUNCH
 
|-
 
|ron ||RAGE ||BEAR
 
|-
 
|rul ||MUTE ||POKE
 
|-
 
|rur ||RUN ||IDOL
 
|-
 
|sat ||STROKE ||SABRE
 
|-
 
|ser ||HEAD ||LURE
 
|-
 
|sog ||CONQUEROR ||DIRECT
 
|-
 
|stot ||SURPRISE ||SINGE
 
|-
 
|stul ||MAW ||FAIL
 
|-
 
|tad ||MATCH (equal) ||TOOTH
 
|-
 
|tat ||TOUCH ||GRAPE
 
|-
 
|tok ||PLANTER ||MEMORY
 
|-
 
|tun ||DOOR ||MEANDER
 
|-
 
|ub ||DINE ||CHIP (verb)
 
|-
 
|ud ||WILL ||CLEARING
 
|-
 
|ul ||PANTS ||GLAZE
 
|-
 
|um ||NAIL ||BREW
 
|-
 
|ur ||HEARTH ||BRIGHT
 
|-
 
|ûd ||HARVEST (verb) ||CHAOS
 
|-
 
|ûz ||GROWL ||FEAST
 
|-
 
|zolak ||BLIZZARD ||SIN
 
|-
 
|zon ||HELM ||COLOR
 
|}
 
  
===Dwarven and Human===
+
==Observations==
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
===Vocabulary===
! Word !! Dwarven!! Human
+
There are words for "[[pearl]]" (''kovest'') and "pumpkin" (''elbost'') both of which do not, currently, even exist in-universe.
|-
 
|ad || SUN || HAIR
 
|-
 
|adil || WALL || FRAGRANCE
 
|-
 
|an || MEDITATION || GLORY
 
|-
 
|anir || SISTER || PAGE
 
|-
 
|anur || WONDER (noun) || PATH
 
|-
 
|ar || FLESH || STILL (unmoving)
 
|-
 
|arin || TRUSTWORTHY || BACK
 
|-
 
|astan || FLECK || INNOCENT
 
|-
 
|atem || RAT || PONDER
 
|-
 
|ág || OVER || REIGN
 
|-
 
|bal || TONE || PRINCIPLE
 
|-
 
|bel || GRAY || PRISTINE
 
|-
 
|dolil || LOCK (hair) || WANE
 
|-
 
|dur || FIST || EMPIRE
 
|-
 
|em || EAST || GLOSS
 
|-
 
|enas || DOCTRINE || SLIM
 
|-
 
|er || FAT || CALM
 
|-
 
|es || CLEAR || POINT (verb)
 
|-
 
|est || SMALL || SUPPER
 
|-
 
|fel || SEAM || HOLD
 
|-
 
|geb || DENT || CONNECT
 
|-
 
|ilid || RULER || CLEAR
 
|-
 
|ir || NEW || WIELD
 
|-
 
|irol || NORTH || GOAL
 
|-
 
|kar || DIMENSION || LORD
 
|-
 
|ked || FEED || SEASON
 
|-
 
|kel || METAL || FAITH
 
|-
 
|kes || SCRATCH || BEAK
 
|-
 
|kigok || SPRING (noun) || FLAY
 
|-
 
|kir || MERGE || GATE
 
|-
 
|kod || BLOT || STALK
 
|-
 
|kor || CAVERN || ORDER (concept)
 
|-
 
|kur || HUM || SUICIDE
 
|-
 
|lam || STONE || BREAD
 
|-
 
|lar || MEET || PERMANENCY
 
|-
 
|lek || BRISTLE || GOD-FORSAKEN
 
|-
 
|lir || CLIMAX || TILE
 
|-
 
|lod || ONE || LARGE
 
|-
 
|med || ABATE || SUBORDINATE
 
|-
 
|nir || ONEPREF || NECRO
 
|-
 
|nod || TOAD || CASKET
 
|-
 
|ob || TAR || UN
 
|-
 
|og || CLUB || PULL
 
|-
 
|okol || VOICE || FEVER
 
|-
 
|ol || MUD || SPORT
 
|-
 
|olum || DISPERSE || TEMPLE
 
|-
 
|om || CLUTTER || CROSS (noun)
 
|-
 
|ong || RANK || SULLEN
 
|-
 
|or || LARGE || LIP
 
|-
 
|ost || FOLD || TERROR
 
|-
 
|oth || KNOT || BLACK
 
|-
 
|rir || EAR || SMEAR
 
|-
 
|rith || BELL || WEAK
 
|-
 
|rodem || PELT (hide) || RACEGROUP
 
|-
 
|seng || RINGSOUND || UNHOLY
 
|-
 
|shem || PLANK || TOOL
 
|-
 
|shin || BRIGHT || CHILD
 
|-
 
|sut || BLEED || BONE
 
|-
 
|tath || DUSK || SOLDIER
 
|-
 
|thad || CROWD || AGE
 
|-
 
|thur || UNIVERSE || INFLUENCE
 
|-
 
|tilesh || TRUSS || SPASM
 
|-
 
|tob || SMASH || WASTE
 
|-
 
|tolis || TOP || SPRING (noun)
 
|-
 
|udir || BLACK || DIGNITY
 
|-
 
|ul || PANTS || LESSER
 
|-
 
|ur || HEARTH || ROCK
 
|-
 
|urir || MARBLE (ball) || TUB
 
|-
 
|vesh || DUST || BLENCH
 
|-
 
|zar || OUTRAGE || SAND
 
|-
 
|zin || DRY || GLEN
 
|}
 
  
===Dwarven, Goblin, and Human===
+
There are names for every color except "orange". They have a word for "[[amber]]", "amethyst", "aqua", "aquamarine", "auburn", "azure", "beige", "black", "blue", "brown", "cerulean", "charcoal", "chestnut", "chocolate", "cinnamon", "crimson", "ecru", "emerald", "fuchsia", "golden", "goldenrod", "gray", "green", "heliotrope", "indigo", "ivory", "jade", "lavender", "mahogany", "maroon", "mauve", "mint", "ochre", "olive", "pale", "pink", "puce", "purple", "red", "rosy", "saffron", "scarlet", "silvery", "tan", "teal", "turquoise", "umber", "vermilion", "violet", "white", and "yellow" but not "orange". (Actually, there are noun forms for "lime", "orange", "lilac", "moss", "periwinkle", and "plum", but no matching adjective form.)
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
! Word !! Dwarven !! Goblin !! Human
 
|-
 
|ad || SUN || HEARTH || HAIR
 
|-
 
|an || MEDITATION || CAD || GLORY
 
|-
 
|ar || FLESH || SKIRTCLOTHING || STILL (unmoving)
 
|-
 
|em || EAST || JACKAL || GLOSS
 
|-
 
|er || FAT || CLOSE || CALM
 
|-
 
|es || CLEAR || REWARD || POINT (verb)
 
|-
 
|kod || BLOT || KNIGHT || STALK
 
|-
 
|lam || STONE || MONKEY || BREAD
 
|-
 
|lod || ONE || SOAK || LARGE
 
|-
 
|ob || TAR || FRAME || UN
 
|-
 
|og || CLUB || PLAIN (adj.) || PULL
 
|-
 
|ol || MUD || KEEPER || SPORT
 
|-
 
|om || CLUTTER || BURST || CROSS (noun)
 
|-
 
|ong || RANK || GLIMMER || SULLEN
 
|-
 
|or || LARGE || EVERLASTING || LIP
 
|-
 
|ost || FOLD || ARROW || TERROR
 
|-
 
|ul || PANTS || GLAZE || LESSER
 
|-
 
|ur || HEARTH || BRIGHT || ROCK
 
|}
 
  
===Elvish and Goblin===
+
There are no words for "dwarf", "human", "elf", or "goblin" (''or [[Names and symbols| "symbol" or "name"]] for that matter, despite extensive background reference to such concepts'') in any of the languages.  (In Simon Swerwer’s “Highway to the Danger Room”, goblin translates to ''omer-ar'' which means “green flesh”.)
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
! Word !! elvish !! goblin
 
|-
 
|aba || LAST || PEBBLE
 
|-
 
|abo || SHUT || AGE
 
|-
 
|aku || GULF (distance) || HIGH
 
|-
 
|ala || FIRST || PROPHET
 
|-
 
|ama || GOD || FENCE
 
|-
 
|ana || COUPLE || HOLE
 
|-
 
|aro || FOOT || WHISKER
 
|-
 
|aru || SYRUP || MANGE
 
|-
 
|ebe || BAND (group) || WORSHIPPER
 
|-
 
|elo || HOLY || RADIANCE
 
|-
 
|elu || RIPE || LITTLE
 
|-
 
|era || NOSE || HORN
 
|-
 
|eru || CLOSE || PAPER
 
|-
 
|eslo || CLIMATE || EQUITY
 
|-
 
|lulo || OAK || WASH
 
|-
 
|nelo || PASS (mountain) || DEFECT (fault)
 
|-
 
|nonu || CREW || CALL
 
|-
 
|obe || VENERATE || GREATEST
 
|-
 
|oda || FOG || FLOOD
 
|-
 
|ola || HOWL || STILL (unmoving)
 
|-
 
|oma || BLOAT || UNTRUSTWORTHY
 
|-
 
|omo || ROAR || CAVE
 
|-
 
|omu || MARKET || SLUG
 
|-
 
|one || BONE || SILVER
 
|-
 
|ora || CLAP || GLIDE
 
|-
 
|oro || SWEEP || TRIM
 
|-
 
|ralu || SLUG || DIGNITY
 
|-
 
|ume || HUNGER || LAVENDER
 
|-
 
|zole || CHAMBER || CHASTITY
 
|}
 
  
===Elvish and Human===
+
===Morphology===
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
+
The four predefined languages (Dwarven, Elven, Human, and Goblin) have no real [[wikipedia:Morphology (linguistics)|morphology]]. So, for example, the adjective "oaken" and the noun "oak" are the same word. For another example, the verb "to dream", the adjective "dreamy", and the noun "dream" are all the same word.
! Word !! elvish !! human
 
|-
 
|aba || LAST || MEDITATION
 
|-
 
|abo || SHUT || MAN
 
|-
 
|aco || MAZE || COAST
 
|-
 
|ada || BERRY || TRUTHFUL
 
|-
 
|ade || CONTROL || NEST
 
|-
 
|adi || ACE || STROKE
 
|-
 
|ala || FIRST || MATCH (equal)
 
|-
 
|alu || WATER || WIND (storm)
 
|-
 
|ama || GOD || STAR
 
|-
 
|ame || GROW || COOPERATE
 
|-
 
|amo || SHOVE || NEO
 
|-
 
|ana || COUPLE || COSMOS
 
|-
 
|ani || OVER || AUNT
 
|-
 
|ano || SPIRIT || LOVER
 
|-
 
|apa || PADDLE || SKIRT (verb)
 
|-
 
|are || SEED || GOOD
 
|-
 
|ari || LIBERTY || BOOT
 
|-
 
|aro || FOOT || BLUE
 
|-
 
|aru || SYRUP || HEAD
 
|-
 
|ase || SPOT || SEED
 
|-
 
|asi || QUILL || SPEAR
 
|-
 
|aso || GRAY || LEAF
 
|-
 
|ata || PEBBLE || ZENITH
 
|-
 
|atho || ARM || SOUL
 
|-
 
|cema || BABY || CRY
 
|-
 
|coni || CREEP || ROOM
 
|-
 
|curo || BURDEN || RINGOBJECT
 
|-
 
|dana || MUSCLE || HOPE
 
|-
 
|dema || RAG || TOUCH
 
|-
 
|ebe || BAND (group) || LABOR
 
|-
 
|edi || FLECK || EGG
 
|-
 
|ele || EVER || PALE
 
|-
 
|elu || RIPE || AFFECTION
 
|-
 
|ene || BOLT || SHIMMER
 
|-
 
|eno || ULTIMATE || CITY
 
|-
 
|eri || LEAN || MAGIC
 
|-
 
|ero || PEACE || CONTINENT
 
|-
 
|eslo || CLIMATE || SHORE
 
|-
 
|ete || MONK || RUSH
 
|-
 
|eve || EVISCERATE || FLICKER
 
|-
 
|ica || PRICE || EAGLE
 
|-
 
|ika || HARVEST || SHEAR
 
|-
 
|iki || THORN || PLEAT
 
|-
 
|ile || FRUIT || RAY
 
|-
 
|ilo || PINNACLE || LAUD
 
|-
 
|ime || ONEPREF || DEAR
 
|-
 
|imi || CHILD || RUMOR
 
|-
 
|ina || HUG || BED
 
|-
 
|ini || TREAT || STRAP
 
|-
 
|ino || GUARD || FIN
 
|-
 
|isa || SHAFT || PINNACLE
 
|-
 
|isi || BAND (object) || NET
 
|-
 
|iwa || BARRICADE || APOGEE
 
|-
 
|iwo || MAW || BUSH
 
|-
 
|kara || GLORY || HEAT
 
|-
 
|lema || FULL || IVY
 
|-
 
|leru || PRIMITIVE || PEEK
 
|-
 
|lofi || WORSHIPPER || TROT
 
|-
 
|mela || SAVIOR || WHITE
 
|-
 
|momi || HAUNT || RUSTIC
 
|-
 
|mori || NEGATIVE || PLATE
 
|-
 
|muthe || LARD || CAMP
 
|-
 
|nani || TOE || COINCIDENCE
 
|-
 
|nelo || PASS (mountain) || FALSE
 
|-
 
|nonu || CREW || FLOOD
 
|-
 
|oda || FOG || WEEP
 
|-
 
|ofi || SIZZLE || TRITE
 
|-
 
|oma || BLOAT || WALK
 
|-
 
|omo || ROAR || BOY
 
|-
 
|ori || DISLOYAL || BRIDGE
 
|-
 
|othi || COOK || PLAIN (adj.)
 
|-
 
|paro || SLUDGE || SPLIT
 
|-
 
|paru || DRAWL || HUT
 
|-
 
|pima || KIN || WADDLE
 
|-
 
|radi || CASKET || KINDLE
 
|-
 
|rama || LIBERATE || FREE
 
|-
 
|rane || PASS (verb) || KNIGHT
 
|-
 
|rere || WHEEL || AMBIGUOUS
 
|-
 
|teme || TWO || LESSON
 
|-
 
|thili || ANGEL || DISTINCT
 
|-
 
|thine || DISEMBOWELMENT || DUMPLING
 
|-
 
|uce || THREAT || CALL
 
|-
 
|ula || GROWL || SENSUAL
 
|-
 
|ume || HUNGER || FUR
 
|}
 
 
 
===Elvish, Goblin, and Human===
 
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
! Word !! Elvish !! Goblin !! Human
 
|-
 
|aba || LAST || PEBBLE || MEDITATION
 
|-
 
|abo || SHUT || AGE || MAN
 
|-
 
|ala || FIRST || PROPHET || MATCH (equal)
 
|-
 
|ama || GOD || FENCE || STAR
 
|-
 
|ana || COUPLE || HOLE || COSMOS
 
|-
 
|aro || FOOT || WHISKER || BLUE
 
|-
 
|aru || SYRUP || MANGE || HEAD
 
|-
 
|ebe || BAND (group) || WORSHIPPER || LABOR
 
|-
 
|elu || RIPE || LITTLE || AFFECTION
 
|-
 
|eslo || CLIMATE || EQUITY || SHORE
 
|-
 
|nelo || PASS (mountain) || DEFECT (fault) || FALSE
 
|-
 
|nonu || CREW || CALL || FLOOD
 
|-
 
|oda || FOG || FLOOD || WEEP
 
|-
 
|oma || BLOAT || UNTRUSTWORTHY || WALK
 
|-
 
|omo || ROAR || CAVE || BOY
 
|-
 
|ume || HUNGER || LAVENDER || FUR
 
|}
 
 
 
===Goblin and Human===
 
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
 
! Word !! goblin !!