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Difference between revisions of "Dwarf fortress mode"

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: ''This is a detailed reference guide. For a beginner tutorial, see [[Quickstart guide]], see further [[tutorials]].''
 
:''[[Modding guide|Modding]] is not covered on this page.''
 
:''[[Modding guide|Modding]] is not covered on this page.''
:''For tutorials about fortress mode, see [[tutorials]].''
 
  
'''Fortress mode''' is the more popular of two modes of gameplay in Dwarf Fortress, with the other mode being [[Adventurer mode]]. It is often the mode implied when one talks about Dwarf Fortress. In fortress mode, you pick an embark [[location]], and then assign your seven initial [[dwarves]] some starting [[Skill | skills]], equipment, provisions, and [[animals]] to bring along. After preparations are complete and your hardy explorers [[embark]], they'll be faced with the fortress site you picked down to every little detail, from geologically appropriate stone types to roaring waterfalls to ornery [[Hippo | hippopotami]]. Rather than control individual dwarves, you design everything and your dwarves will go about implementing your designs on their own.
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'''Fortress mode''' is the most popular of three modes in ''Dwarf Fortress'', with the other two being [[Adventurer mode]] and [[Legends mode]], often the mode implied when one talks about ''Dwarf Fortress''. Fortress mode is a construction and management simulation of a colony of dwarves. In fortress mode, you pick an [[embark]] location, and then assign your seven initial [[dwarves]] some starting [[Skill | skills]], equipment, provisions, and perhaps, [[animals]] to bring along. After preparations are complete and your hardy explorers [[embark]], they'll be faced with the fortress site you picked down to every little detail; from geologically appropriate stone types, to roaring waterfalls, to, for example, ornery [[Hippo | hippopotami]]. Rather than control individual dwarves, you design everything, and your dwarves will go about implementing your designs on their own.
  
 
== Goals ==
 
== Goals ==
 
+
Fortress mode is considered a [[wikipedia:Construction_and_management_simulation_games|construction and management simulation game]]. This entails that few goals are imposed upon the player by the game.  
Dwarf Fortress mode is considered a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation_games construction and management simulation game]. This entails that few goals are imposed upon the player by the game.  
 
  
 
The most apparent goal is survival, as your endeavors at the chosen site will, [[Reclaim fortress mode|for the moment]], end if the last dwarf dies. With this comes the need to keep your dwarves happy, as unhappy dwarves will cultivate some very unhealthy (yet surprisingly [[Losing|Fun]]) habits like murdering their colleagues.
 
The most apparent goal is survival, as your endeavors at the chosen site will, [[Reclaim fortress mode|for the moment]], end if the last dwarf dies. With this comes the need to keep your dwarves happy, as unhappy dwarves will cultivate some very unhealthy (yet surprisingly [[Losing|Fun]]) habits like murdering their colleagues.
  
Another goal of sorts, programmed into the game, is creating a fortress that attracts the king of your civilization. Therefore players typically, but by no means necessarily, choose to expand into a thriving community with skilled [[Labor|workers]], [[military|battle-ready warriors]] and [[nobles]], creating ridiculous amounts of [[wealth|wealth]] like fine [[finished goods|crafts]], excellent armor, valuable [[furniture]], decorated with precious [[gem]]s, all the while protecting them from [[siege|foes]] with deadly [[trap]]s and a trained [[military]]. Avoiding imminent death also requires providing the dwarves with plenty of [[food]] and [[alcohol]], by way of [[farming|farms]] above and below ground, while [[clothing]] from [[leather]] or [[cloth]] will keep them happy.
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Another goal of sorts, programmed into the game, is creating a fortress that attracts the king/queen of your civilization. Therefore, players typically, but by no means necessarily, choose to expand into a thriving community with skilled [[Labor|workers]], [[military|battle-ready warriors]] and [[nobles]], creating ridiculous amounts of [[wealth|wealth]] like fine [[finished goods|crafts]], excellent armor, valuable [[furniture]], decorated with precious [[gem]]s, all the while protecting them from [[siege|foes]] with deadly [[trap]]s and a trained [[military]]. Avoiding imminent death also requires providing the dwarves with plenty of [[food]] and [[alcohol]], by way of [[farming|farms]] above and below ground, while [[clothing]] from [[leather]] or [[cloth]] will keep them happy.
  
Of course, every dwarf loves precious [[metal]]s, but the only way to find them is to [[mining|dig]]. Make sure you don't dig too greedily, or too deep, for many creatures dwell in the [[caverns]] below...
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Of course, every dwarf loves precious [[metal]]s, but the only way to find them is to [[mining|dig]]. Make sure you don't delve too greedily and too deep, for many creatures dwell in the [[caverns]] below...
  
== The World ==
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== The world ==
 +
To play ''Dwarf Fortress'' in fortress mode, you must generate a world that includes a dwarven civilization - see [[World generation]] for detailed instructions. After at least one world has been generated, you will be able to start the game. Only one game may be going on in a world at the same time.
  
To play Dwarf Fortress in fortress mode you must generate a world that includes a dwarven civilization. See [[World generation]] for detailed instructions. After at least one world has been generated you will be able to start the game. Only one game may be going on in a world at the same time.
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=== Geographic features / Inhabitants / History ===
 +
The main features of a world are [[biome]]s on the surface and [[stone layer]]s underground, some of which may contain [[aquifer]]s. Other surface features that are significant, but which aren't biomes, strictly speaking, are [[river]]s, [[volcano]]es, and [[cave]]s. There are also [[cavern]]s and [[magma sea]]s everywhere underground which your dwarves will most likely encounter, but you can't see these on the world map, or on the local map, for that matter, until you dig into them. There may also be other [[Fun]] things underground that you can't see. You will have to find these on your own, if they exist.
  
=== Geographic Features ===
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Every playable world will be inhabited by various [[creature]]s, [[civilization]]s, [[night creature]]s, and [[megabeast]]s (including [[titan]]s and [[forgotten beast]]s) in addition to your dwarves. You may encounter all of these types of inhabitants at some point in the form of wildlife, invaders, or rampaging forces of nature.
The main features of a world are [[biome]]s on the surface and [[stone layer]]s under the surface, some of which may contain [[aquifer]]s. Other surface features that are significant, but which aren't biomes strictly speaking, are [[river]]s, [[volcano]]es, and [[cave]]s.
 
  
There are also [[cavern]]s and magma seas everywhere underground which your dwarves will most likely encounter, but you can't see these on the world map and won't see them on the local map until you dig into them. There may also be other [[Fun]] things underground that you can't see. You will have to find these on your own, if they exist.
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Given that your world includes creatures and civilizations capable of independent action, it also has a history that is viewable in [[legends mode]], historical events showing up in [[engraving]]s and other artwork created by your dwarves. Historical dates are expressed in terms of the [[Calendar|dwarven calendar]].
  
=== Inhabitants ===
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You will also be making history as events occur in your fortress, and these events will be recorded for all time in the annals of your world, even if you'd rather that they not be. These events may later become the subject of various [[engraving]]s and [[decoration]]s created by your dwarves, or those in a later fortress.
Every playable world will be inhabited by various [[creature]]s, [[civilization]]s, [[night creature]]s, and [[megabeast]]s (including [[titan]]s and [[forgotten beast]]s) in addition to your dwarves. Even if your dwarves are minding their own business they are practically guaranteed to encounter all of these types of inhabitants at some point in the form of wildlife, invaders, or rampaging forces of nature.
 
 
 
=== History ===
 
Given that your world includes creatures and civilizations capable of independent action, it also has a history that is viewable in [[legends mode]]. Historical events will show up in [[engraving]]s and other artwork created by your dwarves. Historical dates are expressed in terms of the [[Calendar|Dwarven Calendar]].
 
 
 
You will also be making history as events occur in your fortress and these events will be recorded for all time in the annals of your world, even if you'd rather that they not be. These events may later become the subject of various [[engraving]]s and [[decoration]]s created by your dwarves or those in a later fortress.
 
  
 
== Embarking ==
 
== Embarking ==
[[File:FlowchartDF.png|thumb|200px|right|[[::From Caravan to Happy Dwarves|From Caravan to Happy Dwarves]] – a flowchart showing approximately what sequence of actions most people will take after embarking.]]
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{{Main|Embark}}
 
 
:''Main article: [[Embark]]''
 
 
:''See also: [[Reclaim fortress mode]]''
 
:''See also: [[Reclaim fortress mode]]''
  
Before starting to build a fortress you must pick a site, assign skill points to dwarves, and buy starting equipment. This is known as embarking and is a major subject in and of itself. See the [[Embark]] guide for all of the details. Also see [[Starting build]] for more information on outfitting your expedition.
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[[File:FlowchartDF.png|thumb|250px|right|[[From Caravan to Happy Dwarves|From Caravan to Happy Dwarves]] – a flowchart showing approximately what sequence of actions most people will take after embarking.]]
  
After you embark, the real game begins.
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Before starting to build a fortress, you must choose the embark location in the world, then assign skills and supplies to the seven dwarves on the expedition team you will embark with into that environment. This is the embarking process, and is a major subject on its own - see the [[Embark]] guide for all the details. Also see [[Starting build]] for more information on outfitting your expedition. After you embark, the real game begins.
  
== Gameplay User Interface ==
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== Gameplay user interface ==
 +
{{Main|Interface}}
 
Your main view of the in-game world is a top-down view of a multi-layered environment.  You can move your view in the four main cardinal directions as well as up and down [[Z-level]]s (elevation) to see different layers. There is also a command menu that lets you issue commands that your dutiful dwarves will attempt to follow.
 
Your main view of the in-game world is a top-down view of a multi-layered environment.  You can move your view in the four main cardinal directions as well as up and down [[Z-level]]s (elevation) to see different layers. There is also a command menu that lets you issue commands that your dutiful dwarves will attempt to follow.
  
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Later sections in this document and ''many'' other articles on this wiki help you tie all of this together by describing the sequence of actions needed to accomplish various things in the game; see [[Menu]] for a more detailed reference for the UI itself.
 
Later sections in this document and ''many'' other articles on this wiki help you tie all of this together by describing the sequence of actions needed to accomplish various things in the game; see [[Menu]] for a more detailed reference for the UI itself.
  
=== Common UI Concepts ===
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=== Common UI concepts ===
 
{{KeyConventions|4}}
 
{{KeyConventions|4}}
  
=== Pausing and Resuming ===
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=== Pausing and resuming ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
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Entering all menus (except the {{K|s}}quads menu) will automatically pause the game, but if you want to pause or unpause the game without entering a menu use {{K|Space}}. You will see {{DFtext|*PAUSED*|3:3:1}} appear in the upper left corner of the window when the game is paused. Certain [[announcement]]s will also pause the game automatically and you will have to unpause it manually to proceed.
 
Entering all menus (except the {{K|s}}quads menu) will automatically pause the game, but if you want to pause or unpause the game without entering a menu use {{K|Space}}. You will see {{DFtext|*PAUSED*|3:3:1}} appear in the upper left corner of the window when the game is paused. Certain [[announcement]]s will also pause the game automatically and you will have to unpause it manually to proceed.
  
=== Main Screen ===
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=== Main screen ===
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  [[Image:Mouse-wheeldown.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel down.]][[Image:Mouse-wheelup.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel up.]] or {{K|[}} {{K|]}}
 
|  [[Image:Mouse-wheeldown.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel down.]][[Image:Mouse-wheelup.png|20px|Scroll mouse wheel up.]] or {{K|[}} {{K|]}}
| Zoom in and out
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| Zoom in and out('['and ']' must be set manually in the key bindings)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{k|Tab}}
 
| {{k|Tab}}
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The screen at the top level of the user interface hierarchy consists of the '''main map''', a '''command window''', and an '''overview mini-map''' area along with a few '''status indicators''' around the edge. While the main map is always visible at the top level of the UI, you can use the {{K|Tab}} key to show and hide the command window and overview map areas, giving you more space to view the main map if desired.
 
The screen at the top level of the user interface hierarchy consists of the '''main map''', a '''command window''', and an '''overview mini-map''' area along with a few '''status indicators''' around the edge. While the main map is always visible at the top level of the UI, you can use the {{K|Tab}} key to show and hide the command window and overview map areas, giving you more space to view the main map if desired.
  
=== Options Screen ===
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=== Options screen ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{K|Esc}}
 
| {{K|Esc}}
| Enter options menu (if at top level)
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|
|-
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* Enter options menu (if at top level)
| {{K|Esc}}
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* Move back up one UI level (if not at top level)
| Move back up one UI level (if not at top level)
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
Assuming you are at the top level of the user interface looking at the map, you can hit {{K|Esc}} to enter the options menu. This allows you to do things like save or abandon your game.
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Assuming you are at the top level of the user interface looking at the map, you can hit {{K|Esc}} to enter the options menu.
  
*{{DFtext|Return to Game}} - Exit the options menu. You can also just press {{K|Esc}}.
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*{{DFtext|Save and return to title menu}} – Saves the game, unloads the fortress, and returns to the main menu screen. There is no "save and continue" option, but saves can be [[saved game folder|backed up and reloaded]].
*{{DFtext|Save Game}} - Saves the game, unloads the fortress, and returns to the main menu screen. There is no "save and continue" option, but saves can be [[saved game folder|backed up and reloaded]].
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*{{DFtext|Save and continue playing}}
*{{DFtext|Key Bindings}} - A UI for changing the [[Key bindings]]
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*{{DFtext|Retire the fortress (for the time being)}} – Saves and ends your control of the fort, giving limited control to the game. Most of the fortress remains as is, with citizens, livestock, and most items continuing to exist. Not always available, such as during [[siege]]s. After it saves and returns to the main menu you may start a new game in any mode including to [[Reclaim fortress mode|unretire]] the fortress.
*{{DFtext|Export Local Image}} - Use this to export each level of your map as .BMP files for use on such things as the [http://mkv25.net/dfma/ Dwarf Fortress Map Archive]
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*{{DFtext|Abandon the fortress to ruin}} (or {{DFtext|Succumb to Invasion}}) – This permanently [[abandon]]s the fortress, saves the map to the world's data files for later use, and returns to the main menu. Once you abandon a fort, all of your dwarves leave the site, all of your livestock dies, and all items including corpses will be scattered around the map before it is saved. This is how you "give up" on a fortress. You might later [[Reclaim fortress mode|reclaim]] the fortress with a new group of dwarves or visit it with an adventurer in [[Adventurer mode]].
*{{DFtext|Music and Sound}} - Options related to the [[Music | Music]]  
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*{{DFtext|Quit without saving}}
*{{DFtext|Abandon the Fortress}} (or Succumb to Invasion) - This permanently [[abandon]]s the fortress, saves the map to the world's data files for later use, and returns to the main menu. Once you abandon a fort, all of your dwarves cease to exist, all of your livestock dies, and all items including corpses will be scattered around the map before it is saved. This is how you "give up" on a fortress. You might later [[Reclaim fortress mode|reclaim]] the fortress with a new group of dwarves or visit it with an adventurer in [[Adventurer mode]].
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*{{DFtext|Settings}} – [[Settings]] for video, audio, game, keybindings, and difficulty options.
 +
*{{DFtext|Return to game}} – Exits the options menu. You can also just press {{K|Esc}}.
  
Notably lacking is an "exit without save" option. Players who wish to quit and leave their previous save unchanged may manually kill the Dwarf Fortress process using the "die" command in DFHack, Windows Task Manager, or the Linux "kill" command.
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=== Main map ===
 
 
=== Main Map ===
 
 
[[File:bentgirder-embark.png|thumb|300px|Main map on the left, command window on the right.]]
 
[[File:bentgirder-embark.png|thumb|300px|Main map on the left, command window on the right.]]
 
[[Image:3_dimensions.png|right|300px]]
 
[[Image:3_dimensions.png|right|300px]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
| {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} ( + {{k|shift}})
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| {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} ( + {{k|Shift}})
 
| Move map view around
 
| Move map view around
 
|-
 
|-
| {{k|8}} {{k|2}} {{k|4}} {{k|6}} {{k|7}} {{k|9}} {{k|1}} {{k|3}} (keypad)
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| {{k|1}} {{k|2}} {{k|3}} {{k|4}} {{k|6}} {{k|7}} {{k|8}} {{k|9}} (keypad)
 
| Move map view around
 
| Move map view around
 
|-
 
|-
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| Zoom to starting location (default [[#Hotkeys|hotkey]])
 
| Zoom to starting location (default [[#Hotkeys|hotkey]])
 
|}
 
|}
The main map window is what you will be looking at the majority of the time. This is where all of the action happens.
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The main map window is what you will be looking at for the majority of the time. This is where all of the action happens.
  
 
While the play area itself is three-dimensional, the window is not; you can only view one [[Z-level]] at a time. You can change which Z-Level is currently displayed using {{k|<}} and {{k|>}}.
 
While the play area itself is three-dimensional, the window is not; you can only view one [[Z-level]] at a time. You can change which Z-Level is currently displayed using {{k|<}} and {{k|>}}.
  
On the far right side of the screen is the '''depth bar''' showing you the approximate depth, below or above ground, of the current [[Z-level]] that the map is displaying. This indicator is relative to the surface, so it will change if you move the map around a map with a non-flat surface, even if you don't press {{K|<}} or {{K|>}}.
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On the far right side of the screen is the '''depth bar''' showing you the approximate depth, below or above ground, of the current [[Z-level]] that the map is displaying. This indicator is relative to the surface, so it will change if you move the map around an area with a non-flat surface, even if you don't press {{K|<}} or {{K|>}}.
  
==== Map Cursor ====
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==== Map cursor ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
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| Move map cursor 1 tile
 
| Move map cursor 1 tile
 
|-
 
|-
| {{k|shift}} + direction key
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| {{k|Shift}} + direction key
 
| Move map cursor 10 tiles
 
| Move map cursor 10 tiles
 
|}
 
|}
  
After entering a command that involves the map cursor ({{Raw Tile|X|6:0:1}}), you can use {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} as well as the numeric keypad keys to move the cursor around horizontally and diagonally. If you hold {{k|Shift}} while pressing one of these, the cursor will move 10 tiles instead of one enabling you to move it more quickly.
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After entering a command that involves the map cursor ({{Raw Tile|X|6:0:1}}), you can use {{k|↑}} {{k|↓}} {{k|←}} {{k|→}} as well as the numeric keypad keys to move the cursor around in all eight directions. If you hold {{k|Shift}} while pressing one of these, the cursor will move 10 tiles instead of one, enabling you to move it more quickly.
  
=== Overview Map ===
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=== Overview map ===
 
The overview mini-map shows a compact version of the entire available map area. This can be useful especially if your embark zone is very large. After the fortress has settled into certain areas of the map, its utility decreases and it can be hidden with {{K|Tab}} to provide more space for the main map.
 
The overview mini-map shows a compact version of the entire available map area. This can be useful especially if your embark zone is very large. After the fortress has settled into certain areas of the map, its utility decreases and it can be hidden with {{K|Tab}} to provide more space for the main map.
  
 
A cursor that looks like {{Raw Tile|X|6:0:1}} on the overview map shows approximately what part of the map you are viewing in the main map window. Parts of the map inhabited by dwarves will be highlighted in blue.
 
A cursor that looks like {{Raw Tile|X|6:0:1}} on the overview map shows approximately what part of the map you are viewing in the main map window. Parts of the map inhabited by dwarves will be highlighted in blue.
  
=== Status Indicators ===
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=== Status indicators ===
In the upper left corner of the screen you may see some '''report flags''' indicating that new combat-related [[Reports]] have been generated. The flags are:
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In the upper left corner of the screen, you may see some '''report flags''' indicating that new combat-related [[Reports]] have been generated. Some common flags are:
  
 
:{{Tile|C|4:7:1}}: new [[combat]] report available
 
:{{Tile|C|4:7:1}}: new [[combat]] report available
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:{{Tile|S|3:7:1}}: new [[sparring]] report available
 
:{{Tile|S|3:7:1}}: new [[sparring]] report available
  
Press {{K|r}} to view the new reports in the [[#Combat Reports|reports screen]] and once you do the flags will be reset.
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Press {{K|r}} to view the new reports in the [[DF2014:Reports#Combat|reports screen]]. Once you do so, the flags will be reset.
  
There is also an '''Idle counter''', usually in the upper right, indicating how many dwarves are milling around uselessly, in need of something productive to do.
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There is also an '''idle counter''', usually in the upper right, indicating how many dwarves are milling around uselessly, in need of something productive to do.
  
A '''[[FPS]] (Frames Per Second) counter''' may also be present on the screen if it has been enabled. It is disabled by default. See [[Frames per second]] for more information on what this counter means, as well as how to enable/disable it.
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An '''[[FPS]] (Frames Per Second) counter''' may also be present on the screen if it has been enabled. It is disabled by default. See [[Frames per second]] for more information on what this counter means, as well as how to enable/disable it.
  
=== Command Window ===
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=== Command window ===
 
[[File:MainMenu.png|The command window.|frame]]
 
[[File:MainMenu.png|The command window.|frame]]
This is where key menus and most of the textual information about tiles and buildings is displayed. You can toggle it between single width, double width, and hidden using {{K|Tab}}. The double-width option is particularly useful when lines of text are too long to fit. Once you become very familiar with the UI you may want to hide it completely; it will reappear as needed when you activate a command.
+
This is where key menus and most of the textual information about tiles and buildings is displayed. You can toggle it between single width, double width, and hidden using {{K|Tab}}. The double-width option is particularly useful when lines of text are too long to fit. Once you become familiar with the UI you may want to hide it completely; it will reappear as needed when you activate a command.
  
 
The most important interfaces that use the command window are listed below. Many of these encompass a wide variety of functionality so they will not be fully described here. See the linked articles for more details on how they are used.
 
The most important interfaces that use the command window are listed below. Many of these encompass a wide variety of functionality so they will not be fully described here. See the linked articles for more details on how they are used.
  
== Your Dwarves ==
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== Your dwarves ==
 +
 
 +
Your [[Dwarf|dwarves]] are one of the creature types who implement your designs in-between periods of drinking, eating, partying, drinking again, sleeping, and entertaining themselves. While you do not have full control of your dwarves, you have more control over them than any other creatures. Be aware that it is not necessarily always the case that a dwarf is friendly; [[Insanity|insane]] dwarves, [[Werebeast|weredwarves]] or [[Vampire|vampires]] are anything but.
  
Your [[Dwarf|dwarves]] are the creatures who implement your designs in between periods of drinking, eating, partying, drinking again, sleeping, and entertaining themselves. While you do not have full control of your dwarves, you have more control over them than any other creatures. Be aware that it is not necessarily always the case that a dwarf is friendly; [[Insanity|insane]] dwarves, [[Werebeast|weredwarves]] or [[Vampire|vampires]] are anything but.
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For a comprehensive reference, Reddit user DarxusC has done research on the minimum requirements to keep dwarves alive for long periods of time [https://www.reddit.com/r/dwarffortress/comments/cvdssa/a_video_showing_how_little_is_needed_to_survive/ here].
  
=== Eating, Drinking, and Sleeping ===
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=== Eating, drinking, and sleeping ===
Dwarves need [[food]] to eat, [[alcohol]] to drink (water is a poor substitute), and time to [[sleep]]. If only one of these is available, it better be [[alcohol]]; while water will keep dwarves alive, they will actually work more slowly and get unhappy thoughts (see below) if they don't get alcohol to drink.
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Dwarves need [[food]] to eat, [[alcohol]] to drink (water is a poor substitute), and time to [[sleep]]. If only one of these is available, it better be [[alcohol]]; while water will keep dwarves alive, they will actually work more slowly and get unhappy thoughts (see below) if they don't get much alcohol to drink.
  
Dwarves will also get unhappy thoughts if forced to eat a single type of food or drink a single type of alcohol all the time, so variety is also important. Dwarves will get unhappy thoughts if forced to sleep on the floor.
+
Dwarves will also get unhappy thoughts if forced to eat a single type of food or drink a single type of alcohol all the time, so variety is also important. Dwarves will also get unhappy thoughts if forced to sleep on the floor.
  
 
=== Happiness ===
 
=== Happiness ===
While going about their day, dwarves will get happy and unhappy [[thought]]s depending on what sorts of things happen to them. This will nudge their happiness levels up or down each time one occurs to them. If they become too unhappy they may throw [[tantrum]]s or go completely [[Insanity|berserk]], killing and destroying things.
+
While going about their day, dwarves will get happy and unhappy [[thought]]s, depending on what sorts of things happen to them. This will nudge their happiness levels up or down each time one such event occurs to them. If they become too unhappy, they may throw [[tantrum]]s, or go completely [[Insanity|berserk]], killing and destroying things.
  
=== Children and Immigration ===
+
=== Children and immigration ===
Periodically new dwarves from the outside world will [[Immigration|migrate]] to your fortress, drawn by tales of, and looking to share in, your wealth and success. Female dwarves will also get pregnant and have [[children]] if they are [[Marriage|married]].
+
Periodically, new dwarves from the outside world will [[Immigration|migrate]] to your fortress, drawn by tales of, and looking to share in, your wealth and success. Female dwarves will also get pregnant and have [[children]], if they are [[Marriage|married]] to a male dwarf.
  
=== Jobs, Labors and Skills ===
+
=== Jobs, labors and skills ===
Any adult dwarf can perform any [[labor]] even if they have no [[skill]] in that area. Unskilled dwarves will simply be slow and not very good at what they are trying to do. With practice, dwarves will acquire skill, become faster and better at their jobs. A lack of practice for long periods leads to skill "rust".
+
Any adult dwarf can perform any [[labor]] even if they have no [[skill]] in that area. Unskilled dwarves will simply be slow and not very good at what they are trying to do, but, with practice, dwarves will acquire skill, and become faster and better at their jobs. Lack of practice for long periods leads to skill "rust".
  
 
=== Nobles ===
 
=== Nobles ===
[[Noble]]s are dwarves who have special positions within your organization. Some of these are appointed such as your broker and bookkeeper, but others such as [[Mayor]] are essentially forced on you by conditions in the game. See the main article on [[Noble]]s for more information.
+
[[Noble]]s are dwarves who have special positions within your fort. Some of these are appointed, such as your [[broker]] and [[bookkeeper]], but others, such as the [[mayor]], are essentially forced on you by conditions in the game. See the main article on [[Noble]]s for more information.
  
 
=== Death ===
 
=== Death ===
  
Assuming they somehow manage to avoid starving, dehydrating, freezing, drowning, burning, falling, being crushed, or otherwise suffering fatal [[wound]]s or [[soap|infections]], your dwarves will inevitably [[Death|die]] of old age. Unfortunately they are a bit picky about how they are [[Coffin|buried]] or otherwise [[Memorial|memorialized]], and they will [[Ghost|cause trouble]] if they are unsatisfied with their remembrance. Corpses lying around also pose a hazard if there are [[Necromancer|necromancers]] in the area.
+
Assuming they somehow manage to avoid starving, dehydrating, freezing, drowning, burning, falling, being crushed, or otherwise suffering fatal [[wound]]s or [[soap|infections]], your dwarves will inevitably [[Death|die]] of old age. Unfortunately, they are a bit picky about how they are [[Coffin|buried]] or otherwise [[Memorial|memorialized]], and they will [[Ghost|cause trouble]] if they are unsatisfied with their remembrance. Corpses lying around can also pose a hazard if there are [[Necromancer|necromancers]] in the area.
  
 
A [[Healthcare]] industry might help your wounded dwarves postpone death.
 
A [[Healthcare]] industry might help your wounded dwarves postpone death.
  
 
== Digging ==
 
== Digging ==
 +
{{Main|Mining}}
  
:''Main article: [[Mining]]''
+
Digging is an essential part of building a fort. There are several reasons you might want to dig, such as searching for various stone types, ores and gems, or simply to create the basic tunnels and rooms in your fort.
All of the '''digging''' operations are considered [[Mining]]. Even if your goal is simply to dig out a passage and you don't care about extracting ore, your miners will be generating [[stone]] as a byproduct unless they are digging through [[soil]]. See [[Stone management]] for ways to deal with all the unwanted stone.
 
 
 
All digging operations are done using the {{K|d}}esignations menu.
 
 
 
=== Digging Out Tunnels and Spaces ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|d}}
 
| [[Mining#Designating_the_area_to_be_mined|Designate area to mine]]
 
|}
 
This is what you use to dig out tunnels and larger spaces underground. See [[Mining#Designating_the_area_to_be_mined|designating an area to be mined]]. Note that you can not mine constructions. Instead you must remove them with {{K|d}}-{{K|n}}. (See below.)
 
 
 
=== Channeling ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|h}}
 
| Dig out a [[Channel]]
 
|}
 
A [[Channel]] is a hole dug in the floor which will mine out the [[z-level]] below too. Channeling an area will dig out the designated tile (if it hasn't been dug out already), the floor of that tile, and the tile below, possibly leaving a [[Ramp]] on the tile below. See [[Channel]] for more information.
 
 
 
=== Stairways and Ramps ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|u}}
 
| Designate an upward stairway
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|j}}
 
| Designate a downward stairway
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|i}}
 
| Designate an up and down stairway
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|r}}
 
| Designate an upward ramp
 
|}
 
See [[Stair]] and [[Ramp]]. Note that digging a stairway will not automatically create a stairway on the z-level above and/or below, but it will make it possible to dig another stairway immediately above and/or below.
 
 
 
=== Removing Things ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|z}}
 
| Remove upward stairs/ramps
 
|-
 
| {{K|d}}-{{K|n}}
 
| Remove a construction
 
|}
 
These allow you to dig away upward ramps and stairs, and demolish constructed walls and floors. See [[Remove]] for full details.
 
  
=== Water and Magma ===
+
All of the digging operations are considered [[Mining]]. Even if your goal is simply to dig out a passage and you don't care about extracting ore, your miners will be generating [[stone]] as a byproduct unless they are digging through [[soil]]. See [[Stone management]] for ways to deal with all the unwanted stone.
While digging around you may encounter [[Water]] or [[Magma]], so be on the lookout for '''damp stone''' and '''warm stone'''. Digging into water or magma in the wrong place can completely flood your fort to the point where it is unrecoverable, so be careful where you dig.
 
  
 
== Stockpiles ==
 
== Stockpiles ==
 +
{{Main|Stockpile}}
  
:''Main article: [[Stockpile]]''
 
 
'''Stockpiles''' are where [[dwarf|dwarves]] will store items of various types. Dwarves with the corresponding "[[hauling]]" job on will seek out items that aren't already on a stockpile that accepts them and carry them to the appropriate stockpile. See the main [[Stockpile]] article for detailed information on setting up stockpiles.
 
'''Stockpiles''' are where [[dwarf|dwarves]] will store items of various types. Dwarves with the corresponding "[[hauling]]" job on will seek out items that aren't already on a stockpile that accepts them and carry them to the appropriate stockpile. See the main [[Stockpile]] article for detailed information on setting up stockpiles.
  
 +
== Rooms, furniture, and portals ==
  
== Rooms, Furniture, and Portals ==
+
To remove one of these, Click on the furniture Item, the press the remove build icon . This will mark the item for removal and a hauling job will be queued. Eventually a dwarf will show up and haul the item off to a [[stockpile]] if one exists.
 
 
To remove one of these, use the {{K|q}} command, place the cursor on the item to remove, and hit {{K|x}}. This will mark the item for removal and a hauling job will be queued. Eventually a dwarf will show up and haul the item off to a [[stockpile]] if one exists.
 
  
 
=== Furniture ===
 
=== Furniture ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|a}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|b|sep=-}}
| place Armor Stand
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|b}}
 
 
| place Bed
 
| place Bed
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|c}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|r|sep=-}}
 
| place Chair or Throne (seat)
 
| place Chair or Throne (seat)
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|n}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|t|sep=-}}
| place Burial Receptacle (coffin)
+
| place Table
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|f|h|sep=-}}
 +
| place Chest or Container
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|f}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|n|sep=-}}
 
| place Cabinet
 
| place Cabinet
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|h}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|x|sep=-}}
| place Container
+
| place Burial Receptacle (coffin)
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|r}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|l|sep=-}}
| place Weapon Rack
+
| place Memorial Slab
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|s}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|u|sep=-}}
 
| place Statue
 
| place Statue
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|Alt}}+{{K|s}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|T|sep=-}}
| place memorial Slab
+
| place Traction Bench
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|t}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|o|sep=-}}
| place Table
+
| place Book Case
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|f|y|sep=-}}
 +
| place Display (Pedestal)
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|f|p|sep=-}}
 +
| place Offering Place (Alter)
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|R}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|f|i|sep=-}}
| place Traction Bench
+
| place Instrument
 
|}
 
|}
Assuming that dwarves have already made a piece of [[Furniture]], they can install it somewhere using one of these commands.
+
Assuming that dwarves have already made a piece of [[furniture]], they can install it somewhere using one of these commands.
  
=== Defining Rooms ===
+
=== Defining rooms ===
:''Main article: [[Room]]''
+
{{Main|Room}}
Certain types of furniture placed in an area can allow the area to be defined as a [[Room]] using {{K|q}}. The {{K|q}} command can also be used to undefine rooms, with or without removing the associated furniture.
 
  
=== Doors and Hatches ===
+
Areas can be defined as a [[room]] using {{Menu icon|z|sep=-}} (zones), some rooms may require specific pieces of furniture to function properly. The zones menu can also be used to undefine rooms, with or without removing the associated furniture.
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|d}}
 
| place Door
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|x}}
 
| place floodgate
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|H}}
 
| place floor Hatch
 
|}
 
These commands allow you to place already created [[Door]]s and [[Hatch cover]]s assuming that you have an adjacent wall.
 
  
=== Windows, Grates, and Bars ===
+
=== Doors and hatches ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|W}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|p|r|sep=-}}
| place Wall grate
+
| place door
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|G}}
 
| place floor Grate
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|B}}
 
| place vertical Bars
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|Alt}}+{{K|b}}
 
| place floor Bars
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|y}}
 
| place glass window
 
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|Y}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|p|h|sep=-}}
| place gem window
+
| place floor hatch
 
|}
 
|}
These commands allow you to install [[Window]]s, [[Grate]]s, and [[Bars]] over openings, assuming that you have already created them.
+
These commands allow you to place already created [[door]]s and [[hatch cover]]s assuming that you have an adjacent wall.
  
 
== Constructions ==
 
== Constructions ==
 +
{{Main|Construction}}
  
Walls, Floors, and Stairs are removed with {{K|d}}-{{K|n}}. Bridges and roads are removed with {{K|q}}.
+
[[Construction]]s are features that are built in place, rather than carved out of existing rock. Constructions are how you build above-ground structures or structures in any other place where there's no rock or soil to carve them out of.
  
=== Walls, Floors, and Stairs ===
+
Constructions are usually built out of, and thus require, [[stone]] or [[wood]], but you can also use a variety of materials (such as metal) to build them. Possible constructions include [[Floor]]s, [[Wall]]s, [[Stair]]s, [[Ramp]]s, and [[Fortification]]s. Some constructions may also require to be created in a workshop first before being able to place them down, such as [[Grate]].
 +
 
 +
=== Walls, floors, and stairs ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|sep=-}}
 
| build Constructions submenu
 
| build Constructions submenu
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|w}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|l|sep=-}}
 
| build Constructed [[Wall]]
 
| build Constructed [[Wall]]
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|f}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|f|sep=-}}
 
| build Constructed [[Floor]]
 
| build Constructed [[Floor]]
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|r}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|r|sep=-}}
 
| build Constructed upward [[Ramp]]
 
| build Constructed upward [[Ramp]]
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|u}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|t|sep=-}}
| build Constructed Up [[Stair]]
+
| build Constructed [[Stair]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|b|sep=-}}
 +
| build a [[bridge]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|o|sep=-}}
 +
| build Paved [[road]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|O|sep=-}}
 +
| build Dirt road 
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|F|sep=-}}
 +
| build a [[Fortification]]
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|d}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|G|sep=-}}
| build Constructed Down [[Stair]]
+
| build a Wall [[grate]]
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|x}}
+
| {{Menu icon|b|n|g|sep=-}}
| build Constructed up and down [[Stair]]
+
| build a Floor grate
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|M|sep=-}}
 +
| build a Vertical bar
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|m|sep=-}}
 +
| build a Floor bar
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|y|sep=-}}
 +
| build a Glass [[window]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|Y|sep=-}}
 +
| build a Gem window
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|p|sep=-}}
 +
| build a [[Support]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|k|sep=-}}
 +
| build a [[Track]]
 +
|-
 +
| {{Menu icon|b|n|K|sep=-}}
 +
| build a Track stop
 
|-
 
|-
| {{K|b}}-{{K|C}}-{{K|F}}
 
| build Constructed [[Fortification]]
 
 
|}
 
|}
:''Main article: [[Construction]]''
 
[[Construction]]s are features that are built in place rather than created in a workshop and installed or carved out of existing rock. Constructions are how you build above-ground structures or structures in any other place where there's no rock or soil to carve them out of.
 
  
Constructions are usually built out of, and thus require, [[Stone]] or [[Wood]], but you can also use a variety of materials (such as metal) to build them. Possible constructions include [[Floor]]s, [[Wall]]s, [[Stair]]s, [[Ramp]]s, and [[Fortification]]s.
+
Walls, Floors, and Stairs are removed with the {{Key|m}}ining menu and selecting {{Key|x}} Remove Construction. Bridges and roads are removed by selecting them and clicking the button in the top right corner.
  
 
=== Bridges ===
 
=== Bridges ===
{| class="wikitable"
+
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|g}}
 
| build a bridge
 
|}
 
 
A [[Bridge]] is not only used to cross rivers or chasms, but can also be used as a large door when built as a drawbridge. Such use requires that a [[Lever]] be linked to it in order for dwarves to control its open or closed state.
 
A [[Bridge]] is not only used to cross rivers or chasms, but can also be used as a large door when built as a drawbridge. Such use requires that a [[Lever]] be linked to it in order for dwarves to control its open or closed state.
  
 
=== Roads ===
 
=== Roads ===
{| class="wikitable"
+
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|o}}
 
| build Paved road
 
|-
 
| {{K|b}}-{{K|O}}
 
| build Dirt road
 
|}
 
 
[[Road]]s are most commonly used to give [[caravan|caravans]] a reliable path to your fortress from the map's edge, though they don't really require one. A paved road is much like a [[floor]] except that it requires fewer raw materials per tile to build. A dirt road requires no materials to build, but deteriorates over time.
 
[[Road]]s are most commonly used to give [[caravan|caravans]] a reliable path to your fortress from the map's edge, though they don't really require one. A paved road is much like a [[floor]] except that it requires fewer raw materials per tile to build. A dirt road requires no materials to build, but deteriorates over time.
 +
 +
=== Grates and Bars ===
 +
[[Grates]] and bars are used to stop creatures for passing through, while still allowing liquids such as water and magma to. Bars are similar to grates, but they are made of metal instead of rock or wood and don't have to be built in a workshop first.
  
 
== Trading ==
 
== Trading ==
:''Main article: [[Trading]]''
+
{{Main|Trading}}
  
 
When you want to obtain things not available on your map, and you don't want to just kill people to get them, [[Trading]] is the way to go about it. See the main article for everything you ever wanted to know about legitimately and non-violently obtaining things from other creatures.
 
When you want to obtain things not available on your map, and you don't want to just kill people to get them, [[Trading]] is the way to go about it. See the main article for everything you ever wanted to know about legitimately and non-violently obtaining things from other creatures.
  
== Military and Combat ==
+
== Military and combat ==
 
+
{{Main|Military}}
:''Main article: [[Military]]''
+
:''See also: [[Military interface]]''
:''Also see: [[Military interface]] guide''
 
  
 
The '''military''' is one of the most important aspects of a successful fortress. Even with many [[trap]]s, [[bridge|drawbridges]] and [[magma|other defenses]], your military will still need to fend off [[goblin]] [[siege]]s, [[megabeast]]s, [[titan]]s, and fiendish [[Giant cave spider|underground]] [[Forgotten beast|beasties]]. Using a combination of [[squads|squad orders]] and [[scheduling]], you can set up an elaborate offensive, defensive, or balanced military structure for your [[equipment|well-equipped]] [[soldier]]s to follow. Turning your dwarves from [[immigration|useless migrants]] into bloodthirsty killing machines never hurts (unless you're the enemy).
 
The '''military''' is one of the most important aspects of a successful fortress. Even with many [[trap]]s, [[bridge|drawbridges]] and [[magma|other defenses]], your military will still need to fend off [[goblin]] [[siege]]s, [[megabeast]]s, [[titan]]s, and fiendish [[Giant cave spider|underground]] [[Forgotten beast|beasties]]. Using a combination of [[squads|squad orders]] and [[scheduling]], you can set up an elaborate offensive, defensive, or balanced military structure for your [[equipment|well-equipped]] [[soldier]]s to follow. Turning your dwarves from [[immigration|useless migrants]] into bloodthirsty killing machines never hurts (unless you're the enemy).
Line 400: Line 350:
 
Setting up a military is a huge subject in and of itself, so check out the [[Military|main article]] on it and the [[military interface]] guide.
 
Setting up a military is a huge subject in and of itself, so check out the [[Military|main article]] on it and the [[military interface]] guide.
  
== Hospitals and Healthcare ==
+
== Hospitals and healthcare ==
 
+
{{Main|Healthcare}}
:''Main article: [[Healthcare]]''
 
  
 
Normally your dwarves do just fine assuming they get enough food and alcohol, but sometimes they get wounded. When this happens they can benefit from an efficient [[Healthcare]] system.
 
Normally your dwarves do just fine assuming they get enough food and alcohol, but sometimes they get wounded. When this happens they can benefit from an efficient [[Healthcare]] system.
 
  
 
== Burrows ==
 
== Burrows ==
 
+
{{Main|Burrow}}
:''Main article: [[Burrow]]''
 
  
 
'''Burrows''' are optional user-defined areas in your fort where selected dwarves live and work. Dwarves will only use workshops, dig walls, use rooms, etc. in burrows they are assigned to, though dwarves not assigned to any burrow will still use workshops etc. even if they are located in a burrow assigned to some other dwarves.
 
'''Burrows''' are optional user-defined areas in your fort where selected dwarves live and work. Dwarves will only use workshops, dig walls, use rooms, etc. in burrows they are assigned to, though dwarves not assigned to any burrow will still use workshops etc. even if they are located in a burrow assigned to some other dwarves.
Line 416: Line 363:
  
 
== Macros ==
 
== Macros ==
 
+
{{Main|Macros and Keymaps}}
:''Main article: [[Macros and Keymaps]]''
 
  
 
'''Macros''' allow recording sequences of keystrokes and "playing" them back into the user interface as desired. Since the game often requires using a lot of repetitive keystrokes, this can sometimes make life much easier. See the main article for full information.
 
'''Macros''' allow recording sequences of keystrokes and "playing" them back into the user interface as desired. Since the game often requires using a lot of repetitive keystrokes, this can sometimes make life much easier. See the main article for full information.
  
== Reference Sheet ==
+
== Reference sheet ==
 
 
 
A quick reference guide on fortress mode in DF can be found [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/8akafeuqfsxth7t/U-zOsO7pNr here.] '''Credit to spongemandan on reddit.com'''
 
A quick reference guide on fortress mode in DF can be found [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/8akafeuqfsxth7t/U-zOsO7pNr here.] '''Credit to spongemandan on reddit.com'''
  
 
It includes a reference sheet on the military, stone, agriculture and a summary reference sheet.  
 
It includes a reference sheet on the military, stone, agriculture and a summary reference sheet.  
  
 +
{{Getting Started}}
 
{{Category|Fortress mode}}
 
{{Category|Fortress mode}}
 
{{Category|Guides}}
 
{{Category|Guides}}
 
{{Category|Interface}}
 
{{Category|Interface}}
 +
[[ru:Dwarf fortress mode]]
 +
[[zh:Fortress mode]]

Latest revision as of 19:59, 19 February 2024

This article is about the current version of DF.
Note that some content may still need to be updated.

This is a detailed reference guide. For a beginner tutorial, see Quickstart guide, see further tutorials.
Modding is not covered on this page.

Fortress mode is the most popular of three modes in Dwarf Fortress, with the other two being Adventurer mode and Legends mode, often the mode implied when one talks about Dwarf Fortress. Fortress mode is a construction and management simulation of a colony of dwarves. In fortress mode, you pick an embark location, and then assign your seven initial dwarves some starting skills, equipment, provisions, and perhaps, animals to bring along. After preparations are complete and your hardy explorers embark, they'll be faced with the fortress site you picked down to every little detail; from geologically appropriate stone types, to roaring waterfalls, to, for example, ornery hippopotami. Rather than control individual dwarves, you design everything, and your dwarves will go about implementing your designs on their own.

Goals[edit]

Fortress mode is considered a construction and management simulation game. This entails that few goals are imposed upon the player by the game.

The most apparent goal is survival, as your endeavors at the chosen site will, for the moment, end if the last dwarf dies. With this comes the need to keep your dwarves happy, as unhappy dwarves will cultivate some very unhealthy (yet surprisingly Fun) habits like murdering their colleagues.

Another goal of sorts, programmed into the game, is creating a fortress that attracts the king/queen of your civilization. Therefore, players typically, but by no means necessarily, choose to expand into a thriving community with skilled workers, battle-ready warriors and nobles, creating ridiculous amounts of wealth like fine crafts, excellent armor, valuable furniture, decorated with precious gems, all the while protecting them from foes with deadly traps and a trained military. Avoiding imminent death also requires providing the dwarves with plenty of food and alcohol, by way of farms above and below ground, while clothing from leather or cloth will keep them happy.

Of course, every dwarf loves precious metals, but the only way to find them is to dig. Make sure you don't delve too greedily and too deep, for many creatures dwell in the caverns below...

The world[edit]

To play Dwarf Fortress in fortress mode, you must generate a world that includes a dwarven civilization - see World generation for detailed instructions. After at least one world has been generated, you will be able to start the game. Only one game may be going on in a world at the same time.

Geographic features / Inhabitants / History[edit]

The main features of a world are biomes on the surface and stone layers underground, some of which may contain aquifers. Other surface features that are significant, but which aren't biomes, strictly speaking, are rivers, volcanoes, and caves. There are also caverns and magma seas everywhere underground which your dwarves will most likely encounter, but you can't see these on the world map, or on the local map, for that matter, until you dig into them. There may also be other Fun things underground that you can't see. You will have to find these on your own, if they exist.

Every playable world will be inhabited by various creatures, civilizations, night creatures, and megabeasts (including titans and forgotten beasts) in addition to your dwarves. You may encounter all of these types of inhabitants at some point in the form of wildlife, invaders, or rampaging forces of nature.

Given that your world includes creatures and civilizations capable of independent action, it also has a history that is viewable in legends mode, historical events showing up in engravings and other artwork created by your dwarves. Historical dates are expressed in terms of the dwarven calendar.

You will also be making history as events occur in your fortress, and these events will be recorded for all time in the annals of your world, even if you'd rather that they not be. These events may later become the subject of various engravings and decorations created by your dwarves, or those in a later fortress.

Embarking[edit]

Main article: Embark
See also: Reclaim fortress mode
From Caravan to Happy Dwarves – a flowchart showing approximately what sequence of actions most people will take after embarking.

Before starting to build a fortress, you must choose the embark location in the world, then assign skills and supplies to the seven dwarves on the expedition team you will embark with into that environment. This is the embarking process, and is a major subject on its own - see the Embark guide for all the details. Also see Starting build for more information on outfitting your expedition. After you embark, the real game begins.

Gameplay user interface[edit]

Main article: Interface

Your main view of the in-game world is a top-down view of a multi-layered environment. You can move your view in the four main cardinal directions as well as up and down Z-levels (elevation) to see different layers. There is also a command menu that lets you issue commands that your dutiful dwarves will attempt to follow.

This section covers most of the screens and user interface elements used after embarking, at least in brief. It does not necessarily tell you how to accomplish every task you might need to, but instead just describes what you see on the screen and what various keystrokes do.

Later sections in this document and many other articles on this wiki help you tie all of this together by describing the sequence of actions needed to accomplish various things in the game; see Menu for a more detailed reference for the UI itself.

Common UI concepts[edit]

About key symbols

This wiki uses symbols that look like t or Ui t.pngt to indicate what keys or interface buttons are used for an operation. Note that keys are case sensitive and to save space, Shift+t is shown as T. So t means "press the 't' key without the shift key" and T means "hold down shift and press the 't' key". Lowercase and uppercase keys will often perform different functions, so it is important to use the correct key. Sequences of keys will be in separate boxes, so abC means "press 'a', then press 'b', then hold shift and press 'c'"; while Ui b.pngbUi bT.pngT means "press 'b', then hold shift and press 'T'. A plus sign '+' between the boxes means to press them all together, so Shift+Enter means to hold shift and press 'Enter'. Other separators, such as ',' or '-', might be used but mean the same as no separator: to press the keys in sequence.

Keybindings can be seen and changed on the Keybindings tab in the Settings menu.

Menu navigation and selection

Esc or right mouse Go back to the previous screen/menu
Mouse wheel Scroll menu one line
Shift+mouse wheel Scroll menu one page
Left mouse Select menu option

Esc or right mouse will almost always return to the previous screen until you get to the top level of the UI, at which point Esc will display the options menu.

Pausing and resuming[edit]

Space Pause/Unpause the game

Entering all menus (except the squads menu) will automatically pause the game, but if you want to pause or unpause the game without entering a menu use Space. You will see *PAUSED* appear in the upper left corner of the window when the game is paused. Certain announcements will also pause the game automatically and you will have to unpause it manually to proceed.

Main screen[edit]

Scroll mouse wheel down.Scroll mouse wheel up. or [ ] Zoom in and out('['and ']' must be set manually in the key bindings)
Tab Toggle mini-map and command menu.
F11 Toggle fullscreen mode

The screen at the top level of the user interface hierarchy consists of the main map, a command window, and an overview mini-map area along with a few status indicators around the edge. While the main map is always visible at the top level of the UI, you can use the Tab key to show and hide the command window and overview map areas, giving you more space to view the main map if desired.

Options screen[edit]

Esc
  • Enter options menu (if at top level)
  • Move back up one UI level (if not at top level)

Assuming you are at the top level of the user interface looking at the map, you can hit Esc to enter the options menu.

  • Save and return to title menu – Saves the game, unloads the fortress, and returns to the main menu screen. There is no "save and continue" option, but saves can be backed up and reloaded.
  • Save and continue playing
  • Retire the fortress (for the time being) – Saves and ends your control of the fort, giving limited control to the game. Most of the fortress remains as is, with citizens, livestock, and most items continuing to exist. Not always available, such as during sieges. After it saves and returns to the main menu you may start a new game in any mode including to unretire the fortress.
  • Abandon the fortress to ruin (or Succumb to Invasion) – This permanently abandons the fortress, saves the map to the world's data files for later use, and returns to the main menu. Once you abandon a fort, all of your dwarves leave the site, all of your livestock dies, and all items including corpses will be scattered around the map before it is saved. This is how you "give up" on a fortress. You might later reclaim the fortress with a new group of dwarves or visit it with an adventurer in Adventurer mode.
  • Quit without saving
  • SettingsSettings for video, audio, game, keybindings, and difficulty options.
  • Return to game – Exits the options menu. You can also just press Esc.

Main map[edit]

Main map on the left, command window on the right.
3 dimensions.png
( + Shift) Move map view around
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 (keypad) Move map view around
< > Move one Z-level up or down.
F1 Zoom to starting location (default hotkey)

The main map window is what you will be looking at for the majority of the time. This is where all of the action happens.

While the play area itself is three-dimensional, the window is not; you can only view one Z-level at a time. You can change which Z-Level is currently displayed using < and >.

On the far right side of the screen is the depth bar showing you the approximate depth, below or above ground, of the current Z-level that the map is displaying. This indicator is relative to the surface, so it will change if you move the map around an area with a non-flat surface, even if you don't press < or >.

Map cursor[edit]

8 2 4 6 7 9 1 3 (keypad) Move map cursor 1 tile
Move map cursor 1 tile
Shift + direction key Move map cursor 10 tiles

After entering a command that involves the map cursor (X), you can use as well as the numeric keypad keys to move the cursor around in all eight directions. If you hold Shift while pressing one of these, the cursor will move 10 tiles instead of one, enabling you to move it more quickly.

Overview map[edit]

The overview mini-map shows a compact version of the entire available map area. This can be useful especially if your embark zone is very large. After the fortress has settled into certain areas of the map, its utility decreases and it can be hidden with Tab to provide more space for the main map.

A cursor that looks like X on the overview map shows approximately what part of the map you are viewing in the main map window. Parts of the map inhabited by dwarves will be highlighted in blue.

Status indicators[edit]

In the upper left corner of the screen, you may see some report flags indicating that new combat-related Reports have been generated. Some common flags are:

C: new combat report available
H: new hunting report available
S: new sparring report available

Press r to view the new reports in the reports screen. Once you do so, the flags will be reset.

There is also an idle counter, usually in the upper right, indicating how many dwarves are milling around uselessly, in need of something productive to do.

An FPS (Frames Per Second) counter may also be present on the screen if it has been enabled. It is disabled by default. See Frames per second for more information on what this counter means, as well as how to enable/disable it.

Command window[edit]

The command window.

This is where key menus and most of the textual information about tiles and buildings is displayed. You can toggle it between single width, double width, and hidden using Tab. The double-width option is particularly useful when lines of text are too long to fit. Once you become familiar with the UI you may want to hide it completely; it will reappear as needed when you activate a command.

The most important interfaces that use the command window are listed below. Many of these encompass a wide variety of functionality so they will not be fully described here. See the linked articles for more details on how they are used.

Your dwarves[edit]

Your dwarves are one of the creature types who implement your designs in-between periods of drinking, eating, partying, drinking again, sleeping, and entertaining themselves. While you do not have full control of your dwarves, you have more control over them than any other creatures. Be aware that it is not necessarily always the case that a dwarf is friendly; insane dwarves, weredwarves or vampires are anything but.

For a comprehensive reference, Reddit user DarxusC has done research on the minimum requirements to keep dwarves alive for long periods of time here.

Eating, drinking, and sleeping[edit]

Dwarves need food to eat, alcohol to drink (water is a poor substitute), and time to sleep. If only one of these is available, it better be alcohol; while water will keep dwarves alive, they will actually work more slowly and get unhappy thoughts (see below) if they don't get much alcohol to drink.

Dwarves will also get unhappy thoughts if forced to eat a single type of food or drink a single type of alcohol all the time, so variety is also important. Dwarves will also get unhappy thoughts if forced to sleep on the floor.

Happiness[edit]

While going about their day, dwarves will get happy and unhappy thoughts, depending on what sorts of things happen to them. This will nudge their happiness levels up or down each time one such event occurs to them. If they become too unhappy, they may throw tantrums, or go completely berserk, killing and destroying things.

Children and immigration[edit]

Periodically, new dwarves from the outside world will migrate to your fortress, drawn by tales of, and looking to share in, your wealth and success. Female dwarves will also get pregnant and have children, if they are married to a male dwarf.

Jobs, labors and skills[edit]

Any adult dwarf can perform any labor even if they have no skill in that area. Unskilled dwarves will simply be slow and not very good at what they are trying to do, but, with practice, dwarves will acquire skill, and become faster and better at their jobs. Lack of practice for long periods leads to skill "rust".

Nobles[edit]

Nobles are dwarves who have special positions within your fort. Some of these are appointed, such as your broker and bookkeeper, but others, such as the mayor, are essentially forced on you by conditions in the game. See the main article on Nobles for more information.

Death[edit]

Assuming they somehow manage to avoid starving, dehydrating, freezing, drowning, burning, falling, being crushed, or otherwise suffering fatal wounds or infections, your dwarves will inevitably die of old age. Unfortunately, they are a bit picky about how they are buried or otherwise memorialized, and they will cause trouble if they are unsatisfied with their remembrance. Corpses lying around can also pose a hazard if there are necromancers in the area.

A Healthcare industry might help your wounded dwarves postpone death.

Digging[edit]

Main article: Mining

Digging is an essential part of building a fort. There are several reasons you might want to dig, such as searching for various stone types, ores and gems, or simply to create the basic tunnels and rooms in your fort.

All of the digging operations are considered Mining. Even if your goal is simply to dig out a passage and you don't care about extracting ore, your miners will be generating stone as a byproduct unless they are digging through soil. See Stone management for ways to deal with all the unwanted stone.

Stockpiles[edit]

Main article: Stockpile

Stockpiles are where dwarves will store items of various types. Dwarves with the corresponding "hauling" job on will seek out items that aren't already on a stockpile that accepts them and carry them to the appropriate stockpile. See the main Stockpile article for detailed information on setting up stockpiles.

Rooms, furniture, and portals[edit]

To remove one of these, Click on the furniture Item, the press the remove build icon . This will mark the item for removal and a hauling job will be queued. Eventually a dwarf will show up and haul the item off to a stockpile if one exists.

Furniture[edit]

Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfb.pngb place Bed
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfr.pngr place Chair or Throne (seat)
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bft.pngt place Table
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfh.pngh place Chest or Container
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfn.pngn place Cabinet
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfx.pngx place Burial Receptacle (coffin)
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfl.pngl place Memorial Slab
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfu.pngu place Statue
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfT.pngT place Traction Bench
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfo.pngo place Book Case
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfy.pngy place Display (Pedestal)
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfp.pngp place Offering Place (Alter)
Ui b.pngb-Ui bf.pngf-Ui bfi.pngi place Instrument

Assuming that dwarves have already made a piece of furniture, they can install it somewhere using one of these commands.

Defining rooms[edit]

Main article: Room

Areas can be defined as a room using Ui z.pngz (zones), some rooms may require specific pieces of furniture to function properly. The zones menu can also be used to undefine rooms, with or without removing the associated furniture.

Doors and hatches[edit]

Ui b.pngb-Ui bp.pngp-Ui bpr.pngr place door
Ui b.pngb-Ui bp.pngp-Ui bph.pngh place floor hatch

These commands allow you to place already created doors and hatch covers assuming that you have an adjacent wall.

Constructions[edit]

Main article: Construction

Constructions are features that are built in place, rather than carved out of existing rock. Constructions are how you build above-ground structures or structures in any other place where there's no rock or soil to carve them out of.

Constructions are usually built out of, and thus require, stone or wood, but you can also use a variety of materials (such as metal) to build them. Possible constructions include Floors, Walls, Stairs, Ramps, and Fortifications. Some constructions may also require to be created in a workshop first before being able to place them down, such as Grate.

Walls, floors, and stairs[edit]

Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn build Constructions submenu
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnl.pngl build Constructed Wall
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnf.pngf build Constructed Floor
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnr.pngr build Constructed upward Ramp
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnt.pngt build Constructed Stair
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnb.pngb build a bridge
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bno.pngo build Paved road
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnO.pngO build Dirt road
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnF.pngF build a Fortification
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnG.pngG build a Wall grate
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bng.pngg build a Floor grate
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnM.pngM build a Vertical bar
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnm.pngm build a Floor bar
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bny.pngy build a Glass window
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnY.pngY build a Gem window
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnp.pngp build a Support
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnk.pngk build a Track
Ui b.pngb-Ui bn.pngn-Ui bnK.pngK build a Track stop

Walls, Floors, and Stairs are removed with the mining menu and selecting x Remove Construction. Bridges and roads are removed by selecting them and clicking the button in the top right corner.

Bridges[edit]

A Bridge is not only used to cross rivers or chasms, but can also be used as a large door when built as a drawbridge. Such use requires that a Lever be linked to it in order for dwarves to control its open or closed state.

Roads[edit]

Roads are most commonly used to give caravans a reliable path to your fortress from the map's edge, though they don't really require one. A paved road is much like a floor except that it requires fewer raw materials per tile to build. A dirt road requires no materials to build, but deteriorates over time.

Grates and Bars[edit]

Grates and bars are used to stop creatures for passing through, while still allowing liquids such as water and magma to. Bars are similar to grates, but they are made of metal instead of rock or wood and don't have to be built in a workshop first.

Trading[edit]

Main article: Trading

When you want to obtain things not available on your map, and you don't want to just kill people to get them, Trading is the way to go about it. See the main article for everything you ever wanted to know about legitimately and non-violently obtaining things from other creatures.

Military and combat[edit]

Main article: Military
See also: Military interface

The military is one of the most important aspects of a successful fortress. Even with many traps, drawbridges and other defenses, your military will still need to fend off goblin sieges, megabeasts, titans, and fiendish underground beasties. Using a combination of squad orders and scheduling, you can set up an elaborate offensive, defensive, or balanced military structure for your well-equipped soldiers to follow. Turning your dwarves from useless migrants into bloodthirsty killing machines never hurts (unless you're the enemy).

Setting up a military is a huge subject in and of itself, so check out the main article on it and the military interface guide.

Hospitals and healthcare[edit]

Main article: Healthcare

Normally your dwarves do just fine assuming they get enough food and alcohol, but sometimes they get wounded. When this happens they can benefit from an efficient Healthcare system.

Burrows[edit]

Main article: Burrow

Burrows are optional user-defined areas in your fort where selected dwarves live and work. Dwarves will only use workshops, dig walls, use rooms, etc. in burrows they are assigned to, though dwarves not assigned to any burrow will still use workshops etc. even if they are located in a burrow assigned to some other dwarves.

Burrows are by no means required, but are useful when you want to restrict certain dwarves to certain areas of the map.

Macros[edit]

Main article: Macros and Keymaps

Macros allow recording sequences of keystrokes and "playing" them back into the user interface as desired. Since the game often requires using a lot of repetitive keystrokes, this can sometimes make life much easier. See the main article for full information.

Reference sheet[edit]

A quick reference guide on fortress mode in DF can be found here. Credit to spongemandan on reddit.com

It includes a reference sheet on the military, stone, agriculture and a summary reference sheet.